{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T05:16:15Z","timestamp":1735794975869,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Med Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-02242-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T16:50:15Z","timestamp":1735663815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of uterine flushing with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on pregnancy rates in primary unexplained infertility: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Parvin","family":"Hakimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahshid","family":"Alborzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Nikkhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hosein","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2242_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead150","volume":"38","author":"D Romualdi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Romualdi D, Ata B, Bhattacharya S, Bosch E, Costello M, Gersak K, Homburg R, Mincheva M, Norman R. Evidence-based guideline: unexplained infertility. Hum Reprod. 2023;38(10):1881\u201390.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"8","key":"2242_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2012.728191","volume":"52","author":"S Esmaeilzadeh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Esmaeilzadeh S, Delavar MA, Zeinalzadeh M. Mir M-RA: epidemiology of infertility: a population-based study in Babol, Iran. Women Health. 2012;52(8):744\u201354.","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2242_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01794-8","volume":"29","author":"L Ling","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ling L, Xia D, Jin Y, Hong R, Wang J, Liang Y. Effect of follicle size on pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing first letrozole-intrauterine insemination. Eur J Med Res. 2024;29(1):184.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2242_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.4788","volume":"326","author":"SA Carson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carson SA, Kallen AN. Diagnosis and management of infertility: a review. JAMA. 2021;326(1):65\u201376.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2242_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmn042","volume":"14","author":"W Ombelet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ombelet W, Cooke I, Dyer S, Serour G, Devroey P. Infertility and the provision of infertility medical services in developing countries. Hum Reprod Update. 2008;14(6):605\u201321.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2242_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thoma M, Fledderjohann J, Cox C, Adageba RK. Biological and social aspects of human infertility: a global perspective. In: Oxford research encyclopedia of global public health. edn.; 2021.","DOI":"10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190632366.013.184"},{"issue":"6","key":"2242_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmq015","volume":"16","author":"L Van Loendersloot","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van Loendersloot L, Van Wely M, Limpens J, Bossuyt P, Repping S, Van Der Veen F. Predictive factors in in vitro fertilization (IVF): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2010;16(6):577\u201389.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"9","key":"2242_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex223","volume":"32","author":"L Lemmens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lemmens L, Kos S, Beijer C, Braat D, Nelen W, Wetzels A. Laboratories ssotDFfQAiM: techniques used for IUI: is it time for a change? Hum Reprod. 2017;32(9):1835\u201345.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"2242_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz035","volume":"26","author":"N Danhof","year":"2020","unstructured":"Danhof N, Wang R, Van Wely M, Van Der Veen F, Mol B, Mochtar M. IUI for unexplained infertility\u2014a network meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2020;26(1):1\u201315.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"1","key":"2242_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01377-z","volume":"28","author":"M Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao M, Huan Q, Huang L, Yang L, Dong M. Pregnancy outcomes of intrauterine insemination in young patients with diminished ovarian reserve: a multicenter cohort study. Eur J Med Res. 2023;28(1):402.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"2242_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2487067","volume":"2019","author":"MT Le","year":"2019","unstructured":"Le MT, Nguyen DN, Zolton J, Nguyen VQH, Truong QV, Cao NT, Decherney A, Hill MJ. GnRH agonist versus hCG trigger in ovulation induction with intrauterine insemination: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Endocrinol. 2019;2019:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2242_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00114","volume":"8","author":"D Santi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santi D, Casarini L, Alviggi C, Simoni M. Efficacy of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) alone, FSH+ luteinizing hormone, human menopausal gonadotropin or FSH+ human chorionic gonadotropin on assisted reproductive technology outcomes in the \u201cpersonalized\u201d medicine era: a meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol. 2017;8:114.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2242_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/4.5.532","volume":"4","author":"P Licht","year":"1998","unstructured":"Licht P, L\u00f6sch A, Dittrich R, Neuwinger J, Siebzehnr\u00fcbl E, Wildt L. Novel insights into human endometrial paracrinology and embryo-maternal communication by intrauterine microdialysis. Hum Reprod Update. 1998;4(5):532\u20138.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"4","key":"2242_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2021.06.011","volume":"43","author":"KS Abdallah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdallah KS, Makhlouf A, Badran E, El-Nashar IM, Al-Hussaini TK, Farghaly T, Mohamed HS, Mol BW, Abdelmagied AM. Intrauterine injection of HCG before embryo transfer: a parallel, double-blind randomized trial. Reprod Biomed Online. 2021;43(4):663\u20139.","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"issue":"2","key":"2242_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.07.022","volume":"170","author":"Y Aydin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aydin Y, Hassa H, Oge T, Tokgoz VY. A randomized study of simultaneous hCG administration with intrauterine insemination in stimulated cycles. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;170(2):444\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2242_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.315.7545","volume":"31","author":"MU Aziz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aziz MU, Anwar S, Mahmood S. Hysterosalpingographic evaluation of primary and secondary infertility. Pak J Med Sci. 2015;31(5):1188.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2242_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03700-0","volume":"22","author":"A Fakhari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fakhari A, Allahverdipour H, Esmaeili ED, Chattu VK, Salehiniya H, Azizi H. Early marriage, stressful life events and risk of suicide and suicide attempt: a case\u2013control study in Iran. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):71.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2242_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Esmaeili ED, Fakhari A, Naghili B, Khodamoradi F, Azizi H. Case fatality and mortality rates, socio-demographic profile, and clinical features of COVID-19 in the elderly population: A population-based registry study in Iran. J Med Virol. 2022;94(5):2126\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.27594.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27594"},{"issue":"3","key":"2242_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2023.2165599","volume":"63","author":"MCB Souza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Souza MCB, Silva LAB, Sequeira FF, Azevedo Antunes R, Souza MM. The management of infertility for primary care physicians. Women Health. 2023;63(3):194\u2013203.","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"key":"2242_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011537.pub3","author":"L Craciunas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Craciunas L, Tsampras N, Raine-Fenning N, Coomarasamy A. Intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD011537.pub3.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2242_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20180509","volume":"7","author":"S Agrawal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agrawal S, Das V, Agarwal A, Pandey A. Decoding the effect of time interval between hCG and IUI and sperm preparation and IUI. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2018;7(3):892\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2242_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.jhrs_196_20","volume":"14","author":"L Wadhwa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wadhwa L, Rani A. Impact of intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin before intrauterine insemination in infertile women: a randomized controlled trial. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2021;14(2):156.","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2242_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.044","volume":"96","author":"R Mansour","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mansour R, Tawab N, Kamal O, El-Faissal Y, Serour A, Aboulghar M, Serour G. Intrauterine injection of human chorionic gonadotropin before embryo transfer significantly improves the implantation and pregnancy rates in in vitro fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a prospective randomized study. Fertil Steril. 2011;96(6):1370\u20134.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"6","key":"2242_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.08.006","volume":"102","author":"KH Hong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hong KH, Forman EJ, Werner MD, Upham KM, Gumeny CL, Winslow AD, Kim TJ, Scott RT Jr. Endometrial infusion of human chorionic gonadotropin at the time of blastocyst embryo transfer does not impact clinical outcomes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2014;102(6):1591\u20135.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2242_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00423","volume":"11","author":"J-P Wan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wan J-P, Wang Z-J, Sheng Y, Chen W, Guo Q-Q, Xu J, Fan H-R, Sun M. Effect of HCG-triggered ovulation on pregnancy outcomes in intrauterine insemination: an analysis of 5,610 first IUI natural cycles with donor sperm in China. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:423.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2242_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.18502\/ijrm.v14i10.695","volume":"14","author":"RD Firouzabadi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Firouzabadi RD, Janati S, Razi MH. The effect of intrauterine human chorionic gonadotropin injection before embryo transfer on the implantation and pregnancy rate in infertile patients: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Reprod BioMedicine. 2016;14(10):657.","journal-title":"Int J Reprod BioMedicine"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-024-02242-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40001-024-02242-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-024-02242-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T06:02:01Z","timestamp":1735711321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40001-024-02242-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-024-02242-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-783X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2047-783X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was registered and confirmed in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials under the number (IRCT20220702055335N1). The present study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences with the approval number (IR.TBZMED.REC.1401.233). Written informed consent was obtained from the participants, granting them the right to participate or withdraw at any research stage. The research groups were assured of the confidentiality of their information. Integrity and honesty were maintained during data collection, review of available sources, etc. Upon request, research results will be made available to health centers. At the beginning of the participant's entry into the study, the researcher's contact number was provided so that they could receive necessary guidance in case of any problems or questions.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"639"}}