{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:14:28Z","timestamp":1790792068912,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Med Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-02473-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T05:16:51Z","timestamp":1742966211000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association of systemic inflammatory biomarkers with ocular disease: a large population-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2473_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.06.004","volume":"134","author":"N De La Cruz","year":"2021","unstructured":"De La Cruz N, Shabaneh O, Appiah D. The association of ideal cardiovascular health and ocular diseases among US adults. Am J Med. 2021;134(2):252-9.e1.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2473_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102967","volume":"68","author":"EW B\u00f6hm","year":"2023","unstructured":"B\u00f6hm EW, Buonfiglio F, Voigt AM, Bachmann P, Safi T, Pfeiffer N, et al. Oxidative stress in the eye and its role in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. Redox Biol. 2023;68: 102967.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2473_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031255","volume":"23","author":"YJ Hsueh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hsueh YJ, Chen YN, Tsao YT, Cheng CM, Wu WC, Chen HC. The pathomechanism, antioxidant biomarkers, and treatment of oxidative stress-related eye diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(3):1255.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2473_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.05.011","volume":"67","author":"S Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh S, Selva D. Non-infectious dacryoadenitis. Surv Ophthalmol. 2022;67(2):353\u201368.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2473_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0b013e3182950d58","volume":"2","author":"SR Kedhar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kedhar SR. Research in uveitis and ocular inflammation, 2011 to 2012. Asia-Pacific J Ophthalmol. 2013;2(3):187\u201398.","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9664","key":"2473_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60008-8","volume":"373","author":"L Klareskog","year":"2009","unstructured":"Klareskog L, Catrina AI, Paget S. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2009;373(9664):659\u201372.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"2473_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2017.05.006","volume":"23","author":"VR Moulton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moulton VR, Suarez-Fueyo A, Meidan E, Li H, Mizui M, Tsokos GC. Pathogenesis of human systemic lupus erythematosus: a cellular perspective. Trends Mol Med. 2017;23(7):615\u201335.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2473_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S402227","volume":"16","author":"S Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao S, Wang Z, Zuo R, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Chen T, et al. Association of systemic immune inflammation index with all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer-related mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study. J Inflamm Res. 2023;16:941\u201361.","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2473_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-023-01195-0","volume":"46","author":"JP Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu JP, Zeng RX, Zhang YZ, Lin SS, Tan JW, Zhu HY, et al. Systemic inflammation markers and the prevalence of hypertension: a NHANES cross-sectional study. Hypertens Res. 2023;46(4):1009\u201319.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"2473_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2023.102536","volume":"37","author":"W Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun W, Fang Y, Zhou B, Mao G, Cheng J, Zhang X, et al. The association of systemic inflammatory biomarkers with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a large population-based cross-sectional study. Prevent Med Rep. 2024;37: 102536.","journal-title":"Prevent Med Rep"},{"key":"2473_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251584142311970","DOI":"10.1177\/25158414231197072","volume":"15","author":"N Tukenmez Dikmen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tukenmez Dikmen N, Un Y. Systemic immuno-inflammatory index in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. Therapeutic Adv Ophthalmol. 2023;15:25158414231197070.","journal-title":"Therapeutic Adv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2473_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1954","volume":"7","author":"AY Alhalwani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alhalwani AY, Jambi S, Borai A, Khan MA, Almarzouki H, Elsayid M, et al. Assessment of the systemic immune-inflammation index in type 2 diabetic patients with and without dry eye disease: a case-control study. Health Sci Rep. 2024;7(5): e1954.","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"2473_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966680","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/1966680","volume":"2023","author":"S Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao S, Wang X, Zhang G, Tong M, Chen J, Zhou Y, et al. Association of systemic immune inflammation index with estimated pulse wave velocity, atherogenic index of plasma, triglyceride-glucose index, and cardiovascular disease: a large cross-sectional study. Mediators Inflamm. 2023;2023:1966680.","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"2473_CR14","unstructured":"Zipf G, Chiappa M, Porter KS, Ostchega Y, Lewis BG, Dostal J. National health and nutrition examination survey: plan and operations, 1999\u20132010. Vital and health statistics Ser 1, Programs and collection procedures. 2013(56):1\u201337."},{"issue":"1","key":"2473_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-02294-z","volume":"30","author":"X Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhang C, Jiang H. Association of dietary inflammatory index with ocular diseases: a population-based cross-sectional study. Eur J Med Res. 2025;30(1):62.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2473_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-024-00308-z","volume":"14","author":"C Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gu C, Li B, Ma M, et al. Imaging-based body fat distribution and diabetic retinopathy in general US population with diabetes: an NHANES analysis (2003\u20132006 and 2011\u20132018). Nutr Diabetes. 2024;14(1):53.","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"key":"2473_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2024.07.022","volume":"268","author":"Z Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang Z, Zhang J, Zheng Y. Associations between life\u2019s essential 8 and major ocular diseases in the american middle-aged and elderly population. Am J Ophthalmol. 2024;268:76\u201385.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2473_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21867-5","volume":"25","author":"J Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang J, Xiao L, Zhao X, Wang P, Yang C. Exploring the association between composite dietary antioxidant index and ocular diseases: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2025;25(1):625.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"23","key":"2473_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6212","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0442","volume":"20","author":"B Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu B, Yang XR, Xu Y, Sun YF, Sun C, Guo W, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(23):6212\u201322.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"2473_CR20","first-page":"225","volume":"117","author":"AK Schuster","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schuster AK, Erb C, Hoffmann EM, Dietlein T, Pfeiffer N. The diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. Deutsches Arzteblatt Int. 2020;117(13):225\u201334.","journal-title":"Deutsches Arzteblatt Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2473_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13892","volume":"49","author":"MJ Ang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ang MJ, Afshari NA. Cataract and systemic disease: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021;49(2):118\u201327.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2473_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12675","volume":"40","author":"TJ Heesterbeek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heesterbeek TJ, Lor\u00e9s-Motta L, Hoyng CB, Lechanteur YTE, den Hollander AI. Risk factors for progression of age-related macular degeneration. Ophthal Physiol Optics. 2020;40(2):140\u201370.","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Optics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2473_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.01.003","volume":"105","author":"CJ Thomas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thomas CJ, Mirza RG, Gill MK. Age-related macular degeneration. Med Clin North Am. 2021;105(3):473\u201391.","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"2473_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13480","volume":"12","author":"KY Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin KY, Hsih WH, Lin YB, Wen CY, Chang TJ. Update in the epidemiology, risk factors, screening, and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. J Diab Investig. 2021;12(8):1322\u20135.","journal-title":"J Diab Investig"},{"issue":"6","key":"2473_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.1998.v31.pm9631838","volume":"31","author":"RO Estacio","year":"1998","unstructured":"Estacio RO, McFarling E, Biggerstaff S, Jeffers BW, Johnson D, Schrier RW. Overt albuminuria predicts diabetic retinopathy in Hispanics with NIDDM. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;31(6):947\u201353.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2473_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.07.019","volume":"121","author":"EY Chew","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chew EY, Davis MD, Danis RP, Lovato JF, Perdue LH, Greven C, et al. The effects of medical management on the progression of diabetic retinopathy in persons with type 2 diabetes: the action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes (ACCORD) eye study. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(12):2443\u201351.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2473_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/436329","volume":"2013","author":"S Ka\u0161telan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ka\u0161telan S, Tomi\u0107 M, Gverovi\u0107 Antunica A, Ljubi\u0107 S, Salopek Rabati\u0107 J, Karabati\u0107 M. Body mass index: a risk factor for retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013: 436329.","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"2473_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S361243","volume":"16","author":"C Cifuentes-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cifuentes-Gonz\u00e1lez C, Uribe-Reina P, Reyes-Guanes J, Mu\u00f1oz-Ortiz J, Mu\u00f1oz-Vargas PT, Rojas-Carabali W, et al. Ocular manifestations related to antibodies positivity and inflammatory biomarkers in a rheumatological cohort. Clinical Ophthalmol. 2022;16:2477.","journal-title":"Clinical Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2473_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204263","volume":"13","author":"JB Jonas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jonas JB, Wei WB, Xu L, Wang YX. Systemic inflammation and eye diseases. The Beijing Eye Study PLoS One. 2018;13(10): e0204263.","journal-title":"The Beijing Eye Study PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"2473_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2021.1910314","volume":"29","author":"BD Wagner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wagner BD, Patnaik JL, Palestine AG, Frazer-Abel AA, Baldermann R, Holers VM, et al. Association of systemic inflammatory factors with progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2022;29(2):139\u201348.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"2473_CR31","unstructured":"Ghosh A, Shetty R, Narendra P, Sethu S. Biomarkers for diagnosis of ocular diseases and the method thereof. Google Patents; 2022."},{"issue":"6","key":"2473_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-022-00576-x","volume":"11","author":"J Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou J, Song S, Zhang Y, Jin K, Ye J. OCT-based biomarkers are associated with systemic inflammation in patients with treatment-na\u00efve diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmol Ther. 2022;11(6):2153\u201367.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"2473_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.12.8","volume":"10","author":"F Storti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Storti F, Pulley J, Kuner P, Abt M, Luhmann UF. Circulating biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial activation in diabetic retinopathy. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2021;10(12):8.","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"2473_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-021-00260-3","volume":"12","author":"S Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li S, Qiu Y, Yu J, Shao M, Li Y, Cao W, et al. Association of systemic inflammation indices with visual field loss progression in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma: potential biomarkers for 3P medical approaches. EPMA Journal. 2021;12:659\u201375.","journal-title":"EPMA Journal"},{"issue":"14","key":"2473_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7736","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147736","volume":"25","author":"S Bammidi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bammidi S, Koontz V, Gautam P, Hose S, Sinha D, Ghosh S. Neutrophils in ocular diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(14):7736.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2473_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_85_23","volume":"26","author":"J Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han J, Yang L, Lou Z, Zhu Y. Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and systemic inflammation response index and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Ind Acad Neurol. 2023;26(5):655\u201362.","journal-title":"Ann Ind Acad Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2473_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12031128","volume":"12","author":"Y Xia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xia Y, Xia C, Wu L, Li Z, Li H, Zhang J. Systemic immune inflammation index (SII), system inflammation response index (SIRI) and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality: a 20-year follow-up cohort study of 42,875 US adults. J Clin Med. 2023;12(3):1128.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2473_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84204-7","volume":"15","author":"X Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li X, Du GL, Wu SN, Sun YQ, Zhang SQ, Zhang ZJ, et al. Association between systemic immune inflammation index and cataract incidence from 2005 to 2008. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):499.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"2473_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ao17269","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017269","volume":"4","author":"I Soto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Soto I, Howell GR. The complex role of neuroinflammation in glaucoma. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Med. 2014;4(8):ao17269.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2473_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02606-5","volume":"22","author":"S\u0130 Kocam\u0131\u015f","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kocam\u0131\u015f S\u0130, Boz AAE, \u00d6zdemir \u0130. Systemic immune-inflammation index could be associated with pseudophakic cystoid macular edema after an uneventful phacoemulsification surgery in patients without risk factors. BMC Ophthalmol. 2022;22(1):378.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2473_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.15789\/1563-0625-AOS-2454","volume":"24","author":"R Osmanov","year":"2022","unstructured":"Osmanov R, Fabrikantov O. Association of systemic cellullar immunity with the development of cataract. Med Immunol. 2022;24(2):295\u2013300.","journal-title":"Med Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2473_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-022-02217-5","volume":"42","author":"H Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan H, Tan X, Yu J, Liang T, Shi W, Li L, et al. The occurrence timeline of steroid-induced ocular hypertension and cataract in children with systemic autoimmune diseases. Int Ophthalmol. 2022;42(7):2175\u201384.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2473_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143045","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1143045","volume":"10","author":"NS Sannan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sannan NS. Assessment of aggregate index of systemic inflammation and systemic inflammatory response index in dry age-related macular degeneration: a retrospective study. Front Med. 2023;10:1143045.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2473_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2023.2201370","volume":"107","author":"BO Gunay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gunay BO. Evaluation of systemic immune-inflammatory index in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration. Clin Exp Optom. 2024;107(1):47\u201350.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"8","key":"2473_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2021.1994337","volume":"105","author":"A Elbeyli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elbeyli A, Kurtul BE, Ozcan SC, Ozarslan OD. The diagnostic value of systemic immune-inflammation index in diabetic macular oedema. Clin Exp Optom. 2022;105(8):831\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"2473_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055087","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1055087","volume":"13","author":"T Yue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yue T, Shi Y, Luo S, Weng J, Wu Y, Zheng X. The role of inflammation in immune system of diabetic retinopathy: molecular mechanisms, pathogenetic role and therapeutic implications. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1055087.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2473_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12020300","volume":"12","author":"RA Kowluru","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kowluru RA. Cross talks between oxidative stress, inflammation and epigenetics in diabetic retinopathy. Cells. 2023;12(2):300.","journal-title":"Cells"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-025-02473-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40001-025-02473-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-025-02473-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T05:54:56Z","timestamp":1743314096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40001-025-02473-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-025-02473-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-783X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-783X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The National Center for Health Statistics obtained institutional review board approval before collecting data from NHANES participants. Considering that the NHANES data are de-identified and publicly available, Institutional Review Board approval was not required for the analysis presented here.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"206"}}