{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:41:57Z","timestamp":1787020917397,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hainan Province Science and Technology\u00a0Special Fund","award":["ZDYF2024SHFZ106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2024SHFZ106"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Med Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-03079-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T06:48:27Z","timestamp":1756104507000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nrf2 pathway potentially confers protection against cigarette smoke-induced sarcopenia in a mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Pin","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunrong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3079_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.007","volume":"40","author":"B Long","year":"2022","unstructured":"Long B, Rezaie SR. Evaluation and management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2022;40(3):539\u201363.","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"10342","key":"3079_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00470-6","volume":"399","author":"SA Christenson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Christenson SA, Smith BM, Bafadhel M, Putcha N. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet (London, England). 2022;399(10342):2227\u201342.","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"8","key":"3079_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2023.028975","volume":"47","author":"A-S Jang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jang A-S. Molecular mechanisms and cellular process in signal transduction pathway related to air pollutants in obstructive lung diseases: a mini-review. Biocell. 2023;47(8):1703\u20138.","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"issue":"9","key":"3079_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201402-0373ST","volume":"189","author":"F Maltais","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maltais F, Decramer M, Casaburi R, Barreiro E, Burelle Y, Debigar\u00e9 R, et al. An official American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society statement: update on limb muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189(9):e15-62.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3079_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C974","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00292.2022","volume":"323","author":"A Jaitovich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jaitovich A. Impaired regenerative capacity contributes to skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2022;323(4):C974\u201389.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"3079_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S280540","volume":"16","author":"SIJ van Bakel","year":"2021","unstructured":"van Bakel SIJ, Gosker HR, Langen RC, Schols A. Towards Personalized Management of Sarcopenia in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2021;16:25\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3079_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2021.1850276","volume":"15","author":"VKS Lage","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lage VKS, Silva GP, Lacerda ACR, Paula FA, Lima LP, Santos JNV, et al. Functional tests associated with sarcopenia in moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2021;15(4):569\u201376.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"3079_CR8","first-page":"e46870","volume":"15","author":"Y M","year":"2023","unstructured":"M Y, Dave AK, Patel SS, Parbat R, Shah V, Gandhi R. Association between sarcopenia and chronic renal failure (overt and concealed) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients: a cross-sectional study. Cureus. 2023;15(10):e46870.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"3079_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2020.109023","volume":"320","author":"PL Lam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lam PL, Wong RS, Lam KH, Hung LK, Wong MM, Yung LH, et al. The role of reactive oxygen species in the biological activity of antimicrobial agents: an updated mini review. Chem Biol Interact. 2020;320:109023.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"3079_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S158513","volume":"13","author":"I Liguori","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liguori I, Russo G, Curcio F, Bulli G, Aran L, Della-Morte D, et al. Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:757\u201372.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"3079_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-021-01349-z","volume":"44","author":"JW Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim JW, Kim R, Choi H, Lee SJ, Bae GU. Understanding of sarcopenia: from definition to therapeutic strategies. Arch Pharm Res. 2021;44(9\u201310):876\u201389.","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"key":"3079_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S288428","volume":"16","author":"S Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun S, Shen Y, Wang J, Li J, Cao J, Zhang J. Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2021;16:67\u201378.","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"3079_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101679","volume":"36","author":"W Ornatowski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ornatowski W, Lu Q, Yegambaram M, Garcia AE, Zemskov EA, Maltepe E, et al. Complex interplay between autophagy and oxidative stress in the development of pulmonary disease. Redox Biol. 2020;36:101679.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3079_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12988","volume":"13","author":"A Ito","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ito A, Hashimoto M, Tanihata J, Matsubayashi S, Sasaki R, Fujimoto S, et al. Involvement of Parkin-mediated mitophagy in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022;13(3):1864\u201382.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"3079_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10020320","author":"S Kasai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kasai S, Shimizu S, Tatara Y, Mimura J, Itoh K. Regulation of Nrf2 by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in physiology and pathology. Biomolecules. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom10020320.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"3079_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0118761429246578231130064830","author":"AM Pourbagher-Shahri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Farkhondeh T, Jafari-Nozad AM, Darroudi M, Naseri K, Amirian M, et al. Nrf2 mediates effect of resveratrol in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0118761429246578231130064830.","journal-title":"Curr Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"3079_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.301","volume":"193","author":"E Boorman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boorman E, Killick R, Aarsland D, Zunszain P, Mann GE. NRF2: an emerging role in neural stem cell regulation and neurogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2022;193(Pt 1):437\u201346.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"3079_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240433","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1240433","volume":"14","author":"W Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang W, Zhong Y, Gao B, Zheng B, Liu Y. Nrf2-mediated therapeutic effects of dietary flavones in different diseases. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1240433.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"22","key":"3079_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6189","DOI":"10.1113\/JP286534","volume":"602","author":"K Himori","year":"2024","unstructured":"Himori K, Yamada M, Onoki T, Matsumaru D, Motohashi H, Okutsu M. Nrf2 deficiency in muscle attenuates experimental autoimmune myositis-induced muscle weakness. J Physiol. 2024;602(22):6189\u2013207.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"3079_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101544","volume":"33","author":"PJ Barnes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barnes PJ. Oxidative stress-based therapeutics in COPD. Redox Biol. 2020;33:101544.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3079_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13213","volume":"14","author":"M Deng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deng M, Zhang Q, Yan L, Bian Y, Li R, Gao J, et al. Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu(2+) rescues cigarette smoking-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction via a sirtuin 1-dependent pathway. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2023;14(3):1365\u201380.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"3079_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S280401","volume":"15","author":"A Miyamoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miyamoto A, Asai K, Kadotani H, Maruyama N, Kubo H, Okamoto A, et al. Ninjin\u2019yoeito ameliorates skeletal muscle complications in COPD model mice by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 coactivator-1\u03b1 expression. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2020;15:3063\u201377.","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3079_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-021-00727-z","volume":"43","author":"R Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang R, Cao QQ, Hu SW, He LJ, Du PF, Chen G, et al. Sulforaphane activates anti-inflammatory microglia, modulating stress resilience associated with BDNF transcription. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022;43(4):829\u201339.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"9","key":"3079_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114720","volume":"43","author":"C Blot","year":"2024","unstructured":"Blot C, Lavernhe M, Lugo-Villarino G, Coulson K, Salon M, Tertrais M, et al. Leishmania infantum exploits the anti-ferroptosis effects of Nrf2 to escape cell death in macrophages. Cell Rep. 2024;43(9):114720.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3079_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-01996-w","volume":"23","author":"H Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu H, Lin Y, Zhong Y, Guo X, Lin Y, Yang S, et al. Impaired AT2 to AT1 cell transition in PM2.5-induced mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res. 2022;23(1):70.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"3079_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0559-x","volume":"15","author":"Y Dong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dong Y, Li Y, Sun Y, Mao J, Yao F, Tian Y, et al. Bufei Jianpi granules improve skeletal muscle and mitochondrial dysfunction in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:51.","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3079_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0142520","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142520","volume":"11","author":"A Barnett-Vanes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barnett-Vanes A, Sharrock A, Birrell MA, Rankin S. A single 9-colour flow cytometric method to characterise major leukocyte populations in the rat: validation in a model of LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(1):e0142520.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3079_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874467216666230306101653","author":"Z Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma Z, Zhu T, Wang H, Wang B, Fu L, Yu G. E2f1 reduces sorafenib\u2019s sensitivity of esophageal carcinoma cells via modulating the miR-29c-3p\/COL11A1 signaling axis. Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874467216666230306101653.","journal-title":"Curr Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3079_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu265","volume":"144","author":"RM Silva","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silva RM, Anderson DS, Franzi LM, Peake JL, Edwards PC, Van Winkle LS, et al. Pulmonary effects of silver nanoparticle size, coating, and dose over time upon intratracheal instillation. Toxicol Sci. 2015;144(1):151\u201362.","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3079_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods (San Diego, Calif). 2001;25(4):402\u20138.","journal-title":"Methods (San Diego, Calif)"},{"issue":"9","key":"3079_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.2174\/0115734129331758241022113026","volume":"20","author":"S Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang S, Xie C, Hu H, Yu P, Zhong H, Wang Y, et al. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis unveils NCAM1 as a novel regulator in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and DT-010-exerted cardioprotection. Curr Pharm Anal. 2025;20(9):966\u201377.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Anal"},{"issue":"4","key":"3079_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1515\/oncologie-2024-0056","volume":"26","author":"C Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li C, Zhang T, Yan M, Chen Y, Nan R, Chen J, et al. Exploring genes within the glutathione peroxidase family as potential predictors of prognosis in papillary renal cell carcinoma. Oncologie. 2024;26(4):633\u201341.","journal-title":"Oncologie"},{"issue":"4","key":"3079_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1515\/oncologie-2024-0147","volume":"26","author":"L Qi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qi L, Li Z. Exploring the interplay between iron metabolism imbalance and esophageal cancer. Oncologie. 2024;26(4):509\u201323.","journal-title":"Oncologie"},{"issue":"3","key":"3079_CR34","first-page":"370","volume":"113","author":"F Nucera","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nucera F, Mumby S, Paudel KR, Dharwal V, Di Stefano A, Casolaro V, et al. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of COPD. Miner Med. 2022;113(3):370\u2013404.","journal-title":"Miner Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"3079_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160219120531","volume":"22","author":"T Brioche","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brioche T, Lemoine-Morel S. Oxidative stress, sarcopenia, antioxidant strategies and exercise: molecular aspects. Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22(18):2664\u201378.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"4","key":"3079_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1515\/oncologie-2024-0157","volume":"26","author":"A-R Phull","year":"2024","unstructured":"Phull A-R, Arain SQ, Majid A, Fatima H, Ahmed M, Kim S-J. Oxidative stress-mediated epigenetic remodeling, metastatic progression and cell signaling in cancer. Oncologie. 2024;26(4):493\u2013507.","journal-title":"Oncologie"},{"issue":"4","key":"3079_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-00967-3","volume":"30","author":"J Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li J, Baker J, Higham A, Shah R, Montero-Fernandez A, Murray C, et al. COPD lung studies of Nrf2 expression and the effects of Nrf2 activators. Inflammopharmacology. 2022;30(4):1431\u201343.","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"8","key":"3079_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202203-0482OC","volume":"207","author":"EM Ryan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ryan EM, Sadiku P, Coelho P, Watts ER, Zhang A, Howden AJM, et al. NRF2 activation reprograms defects in oxidative metabolism to restore macrophage function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023;207(8):998\u20131011.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3079_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175346662312086","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666231208633","volume":"17","author":"M Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang M, Li P, Wang Y, Cao Y, Han X, Jiang L, et al. Role of Nrf2 and exercise in alleviating COPD-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2023;17:17534666231208632.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3079_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02500-8","volume":"24","author":"M Cazzola","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cazzola M, Page CP, Wedzicha JA, Celli BR, Anzueto A, Matera MG. Use of thiols and implications for the use of inhaled corticosteroids in the presence of oxidative stress in COPD. Respir Res. 2023;24(1):194.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"3079_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12242771","author":"Y Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu Y, Shao X, Xing L, Li X, Nonis GM, Koelwyn GJ, et al. Single-cell sequencing of lung macrophages and monocytes reveals novel therapeutic targets in COPD. Cells. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12242771.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"3079_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S366126","volume":"17","author":"P Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo P, Li R, Piao TH, Wang CL, Wu XL, Cai HY. Pathological mechanism and targeted drugs of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:1565\u201375.","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"3079_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202210-1865OC","volume":"208","author":"I Sulaiman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sulaiman I, Wu BG, Chung M, Isaacs B, Tsay JJ, Holub M, et al. Lower airway dysbiosis augments lung inflammatory injury in mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023;208(10):1101\u201314.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3079_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.05.018","volume":"75","author":"RD May","year":"2015","unstructured":"May RD, Fung M. Strategies targeting the IL-4\/IL-13 axes in disease. Cytokine. 2015;75(1):89\u2013116.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"3079_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.10.018","volume":"106","author":"BSA Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silva BSA, Lira FS, Ramos D, Uzeloto JS, Rossi FE, Freire A, et al. Severity of COPD and its relationship with IL-10. Cytokine. 2018;106:95\u2013100.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"3079_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13151271","author":"K Kraik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kraik K, Tota M, Laska J, \u0141acwik J, Pa\u017adzierz \u0141, S\u0119dek \u0141, et al. The role of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cells. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells13151271.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"3","key":"3079_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972316642366","volume":"13","author":"E Barreiro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barreiro E, Gea J. Molecular and biological pathways of skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chron Respir Dis. 2016;13(3):297\u2013311.","journal-title":"Chron Respir Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3079_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00072008","volume":"33","author":"J Marin-Corral","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marin-Corral J, Minguella J, Ram\u00edrez-Sarmiento AL, Hussain SN, Gea J, Barreiro E. Oxidised proteins and superoxide anion production in the diaphragm of severe COPD patients. Eur Respir J. 2009;33(6):1309\u201319.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"3079_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200804-528ED","volume":"178","author":"F Maltais","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maltais F, Saey D, Debigar\u00e9 R. Enhancing the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation: doing more for a few or doing a little less for many? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178(3):215\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3079_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00423-2023","author":"S Levra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Levra S, Rosani U, Gnemmi I, Brun P, Leonardi A, Carriero V, et al. Impaired autophagy in the lower airways and lung parenchyma in stable COPD. ERJ Open Res. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00423-2023.","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3079_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C73","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00110.2016","volume":"314","author":"N Vij","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vij N, Chandramani-Shivalingappa P, Van Westphal C, Hole R, Bodas M. Cigarette smoke-induced autophagy impairment accelerates lung aging, COPD-emphysema exacerbations and pathogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2018;314(1):C73-c87.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3079_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2012.73","volume":"33","author":"J Shi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shi J, Yin N, Xuan LL, Yao CS, Meng AM, Hou Q. Vam3, a derivative of resveratrol, attenuates cigarette smoke-induced autophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2012;33(7):888\u201396.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"8","key":"3079_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0160092","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160092","volume":"11","author":"P Pomi\u00e8s","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pomi\u00e8s P, Blaqui\u00e8re M, Maury J, Mercier J, Gouzi F, Hayot M. Involvement of the FoxO1\/MuRF1\/Atrogin-1 signaling pathway in the oxidative stress-induced atrophy of cultured chronic obstructive pulmonary disease myotubes. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(8):e0160092.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"44","key":"3079_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18880","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005574107","volume":"107","author":"ZH Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen ZH, Lam HC, Jin Y, Kim HP, Cao J, Lee SJ, et al. Autophagy protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3B (LC3B) activates extrinsic apoptosis during cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(44):18880\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"3079_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0109298673326250240806051127","author":"P Guan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guan P, Cai W, Zhong C, Jiang F, Wu J, Zhai X. A low expression of NRF2 enhances oxidative stress and autophagy in myofibroblasts, promoting progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Med Chem. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0109298673326250240806051127.","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03079-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03079-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03079-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T22:09:34Z","timestamp":1757455774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03079-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03079-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-783X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-783X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by Hainan General Hospital Medical Ethics Committee ([2022] No. 320).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"798"}}