{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T13:21:40Z","timestamp":1785763300242,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008005","name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6-2023-0151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6-2023-0151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Med Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-03225-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T08:58:23Z","timestamp":1760086703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Predictors of flexion contracture progression following total knee arthroplasty: role of global sagittal alignment and patient age"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Woo-Suk","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung Woo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyuck Min","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Hyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwan Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3225_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01714-w","volume":"29","author":"K Hara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hara K, Kanda M, Kobayashi Y, Miyamoto T, Inoue T. Factors affecting the length of hospital stay for total knee arthroplasty in Japan: a retrospective study using the diagnosis procedure combination database. Eur J Med Res. 2024;29(1):122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-024-01714-w.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3225_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-02647-8","volume":"30","author":"C Liao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liao C, Lai X, Zhong J, Zeng W, Zhang J, Deng W, et al. Reducing the length of hospital stay for patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty by application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway: a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Eur J Med Res. 2025;30(1):385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-025-02647-8.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3225_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s43019-025-00272-7","volume":"37","author":"K Yamaguchi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yamaguchi K, Sakai T, Fujii M, Takashima S, Eto S, Matsumura Y, et al. Does the coronal plane alignment of the ankle and subtalar joints normalize after total knee arthroplasty? Knee Surg Relat Res. 2025;37(1):20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43019-025-00272-7.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3225_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.F.01022","volume":"90","author":"MA Ritter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ritter MA, Lutgring JD, Davis KE, Berend ME. The effect of postoperative range of motion on functional activities after posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(4):777\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.F.01022.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"3225_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2009.02.003","volume":"25","author":"K Harato","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harato K, Nagura T, Matsumoto H, Otani T, Toyama Y, Suda Y. Extension limitation in standing affects weight-bearing asymmetry after unilateral total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2010;25(2):225\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2009.02.003.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"1","key":"3225_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.85b1.13389","volume":"85","author":"Y Murata","year":"2003","unstructured":"Murata Y, Takahashi K, Yamagata M, Hanaoka E, Moriya H. The knee\u2013spine syndrome. Association between lumbar lordosis and extension of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003;85(1):95\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.85b1.13389.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"5","key":"3225_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12586","volume":"230","author":"K Hasegawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hasegawa K, Okamoto M, Hatsushikano S, Shimoda H, Ono M, Homma T, et al. Standing sagittal alignment of the whole axial skeleton with reference to the gravity line in humans. J Anat. 2017;230(5):619\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.12586.","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"3225_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8484938","volume":"2019","author":"Y Oshima","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oshima Y, Watanabe N, Iizawa N, Majima T, Kawata M, Takai S. Knee\u2013hip\u2013spine syndrome: improvement in preoperative abnormal posture following total knee arthroplasty. Adv Orthop. 2019;2019:8484938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/8484938.","journal-title":"Adv Orthop"},{"issue":"14","key":"3225_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31817886a2","volume":"33","author":"V Lafage","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lafage V, Schwab F, Skalli W, Hawkinson N, Gagey PM, Ondra S, et al. Standing balance and sagittal plane spinal deformity: analysis of spinopelvic and gravity line parameters. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33(14):1572\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31817886a2.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3225_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2024.08.028","volume":"40","author":"Y Oshima","year":"2025","unstructured":"Oshima Y, Watanabe N, Takeoka T, Kajikawa Y, Yotsumoto T, Majima T. Preoperative abnormal posture improves after total knee arthroplasty: knee\u2013hip\u2013spine syndrome. J Arthroplasty. 2025;40(2):416\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2024.08.028.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"3225_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-3030-z","author":"C Barrey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barrey C, Roussouly P, Le Huec JC, D\u2019Acunzi G, Perrin G. Compensatory mechanisms contributing to keep the sagittal balance of the spine. Eur Spine J. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-013-3030-z.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"3225_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07983-z","volume":"33","author":"C Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan C, Bourghli A, Li Y, Li L, Kuang L, Wang B, et al. Predicting thoracic kyphosis morphology and the thoracolumbar inflection point determined by individual lumbar lordosis in asymptomatic adults. Eur Spine J. 2024;33(5):1830\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07983-z.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"3225_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1939-7","volume":"20","author":"JC Le Huec","year":"2011","unstructured":"Le Huec JC, Saddiki R, Franke J, Rigal J, Aunoble S. Equilibrium of the human body and the gravity line: the basics. Eur Spine J. 2011;20(Suppl 5):558\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-011-1939-7.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"3225_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4908639","volume":"2017","author":"KT Kang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang KT, Koh YG, Son J, Kwon OR, Lee JS, Kwon SK. Biomechanical effects of posterior condylar offset and posterior tibial slope on quadriceps force and joint contact forces in posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:4908639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/4908639.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"3225_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199212000-00001","author":"MM Panjabi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Panjabi MM. The stabilizing system of the spine .Part I. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement. J Spinal Disord. 1992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002517-199212000-00001.","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"3225_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2021.02.027","volume":"29","author":"HS Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han HS, Yun KR, Cho K, Kim TW, Kang SB. Relationships between the changes in flexion contracture and standing flexion angle of the knee and sagittal spinal alignment after total knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2021;29:374\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knee.2021.02.027.","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"3225_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2021.11.017","volume":"34","author":"Y Okamoto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Okamoto Y, Wakama H, Okayoshi T, Matsuyama J, Otsuki S, Neo M. Spinopelvic mismatch is associated with patient-reported outcome measures after total knee arthroplasty at a mean follow-up of 15 years. Knee. 2022;34:156\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knee.2021.11.017.","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"6s","key":"3225_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2020.02.031","volume":"35","author":"JM Vigdorchik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vigdorchik JM, Sharma AK, Feder OI, Buckland AJ, Mayman DJ, Carroll KM, et al. Stiffness after total knee arthroplasty: is it a result of spinal deformity? J Arthroplasty. 2020;35(6s):S330\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2020.02.031.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"9596","key":"3225_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(07)61602-x","volume":"370","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet. 2007;370(9596):1453\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(07)61602-x.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"3225_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v16.i7.107869","volume":"16","author":"M Jain","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jain M, Pal DK, Narayan Sahu R, Meher BR, Patro BK, Tripathy SK. Effect of total knee arthroplasty on the spinopelvic parameters: a systemic review and metanalysis. World J Orthop. 2025;16(7):107869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5312\/wjo.v16.i7.107869.","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"3225_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2011.09.003","volume":"19","author":"C Quah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Quah C, Swamy G, Lewis J, Kendrew J, Badhe N. Fixed flexion deformity following total knee arthroplasty. A prospective study of the natural history. Knee. 2012;19(5):519\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knee.2011.09.003.","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"1","key":"3225_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04621-x","volume":"22","author":"W Xia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xia W, Wang W, Zhu Z, Liu C, Xu S, Meng F, et al. The compensatory mechanisms for global sagittal balance in degenerative spinal kyphosis patients: a radiological analysis of muscle-skeletal associations. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04621-x.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"3225_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4055\/cios24210","volume":"17","author":"CJ Hwang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hwang CJ, Chang SY, Park KB, Lee DH, Cho JH, Matsumoto H, et al. Validation of the Korean version of the 24-Item Early-Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire: a multicenter study from the Korean Research Society of Spinal Deformity. Clin Orthop Surg. 2025;17(1):123\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4055\/cios24210.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3225_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03561-2","volume":"21","author":"KH Yeung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yeung KH, Man GCW, Lam TP, Ng BKW, Cheng JCY, Chu WCW. Accuracy on the preoperative assessment of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using biplanar low-dose stereoradiography: a comparison with computed tomography. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21(1):558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-020-03561-2.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"3225_CR25","first-page":"37","volume":"21","author":"W Miesza\u0142a","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miesza\u0142a W, Demczuk-W\u0142odarczyk E, Chromik K, Hawrylak A, Ma\u0142achowska-Sobieska M. Examining relationships of the anterior pelvic tilt angle with the anterior-posterior curvatures and elongation of the spine. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2019;21(1):37\u201344.","journal-title":"Acta Bioeng Biomech"},{"issue":"10","key":"3225_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2022.0184","volume":"63","author":"JY Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park JY, Cho BW, Kwon HM, Park KK, Lee WS. Knee extension is related to the posteriorly deviated gravity line to the pelvis in young adults: radiographic analysis using low-dose biplanar X-ray. Yonsei Med J. 2022;63(10):933\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3349\/ymj.2022.0184.","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"3225_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000000844","volume":"40","author":"BG Diebo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Diebo BG, Ferrero E, Lafage R, Challier V, Liabaud B, Liu S, et al. Recruitment of compensatory mechanisms in sagittal spinal malalignment is age and regional deformity dependent: a full-standing axis analysis of key radiographical parameters. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015;40(9):642\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0000000000000844.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"3","key":"3225_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.5.Spine14989","volume":"24","author":"E Ferrero","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ferrero E, Liabaud B, Challier V, Lafage R, Diebo BG, Vira S, et al. Role of pelvic translation and lower-extremity compensation to maintain gravity line position in spinal deformity. J Neurosurg Spine. 2016;24(3):436\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.5.Spine14989.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"3225_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1298\/ptr.R0003","volume":"22","author":"H Tateuchi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tateuchi H. Gait- and postural-alignment-related prognostic factors for hip and knee osteoarthritis: toward the prevention of osteoarthritis progression. Phys Ther Res. 2019;22(1):31\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1298\/ptr.R0003.","journal-title":"Phys Ther Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3225_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.280","volume":"28","author":"T Sawada","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sawada T, Kito N, Yukimune M, Tokuda K, Tanimoto K, Anan M, et al. Biomechanical effects of lateral and medial wedge insoles on unilateral weight bearing. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28(1):280\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1589\/jpts.28.280.","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3225_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05154-7","volume":"23","author":"M Pourahmadi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pourahmadi M, Sahebalam M, Dommerholt J, Delavari S, Mohseni-Bandpei MA, Keshtkar A, et al. Spinopelvic alignment and low back pain after total hip arthroplasty: a scoping review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-022-05154-7.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"3225_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2202-8","volume":"19","author":"JAC van Tunen","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Tunen JAC, Dell\u2019Isola A, Juhl C, Dekker J, Steultjens M, Thorlund JB, et al. Association of malalignment, muscular dysfunction, proprioception, laxity and abnormal joint loading with tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis - a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018;19(1):273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-018-2202-8.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"3225_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.10.020","volume":"152","author":"PW Hodges","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hodges PW, Tucker K. Moving differently in pain: a new theory to explain the adaptation to pain. Pain. 2011;152(3 Suppl):S90\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2010.10.020.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"3225_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2010.03.007","volume":"25","author":"J Bellemans","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bellemans J, Vandenneucker H, Van Lauwe J, Victor J. A new surgical technique for medial collateral ligament balancing: multiple needle puncturing. J Arthroplasty. 2010;25(7):1151\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2010.03.007.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"13","key":"3225_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2013.829526","volume":"36","author":"T Whitchelo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Whitchelo T, McClelland JA, Webster KE. Factors associated with stair climbing ability in patients with knee osteoarthritis and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2014;36(13):1051\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09638288.2013.829526.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"8","key":"3225_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3106","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-07224-8","volume":"31","author":"Y Okamoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Okamoto Y, Wakama H, Matsuyama J, Nakamura K, Otsuki S, Neo M. The significance of the pelvic incidence measurement as a possible predictor of TKA outcome. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31(8):3106\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-022-07224-8.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"5","key":"3225_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.55.2000538","volume":"5","author":"WJ Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang WJ, Liu F, Zhu YW, Sun MH, Qiu Y, Weng WJ. Sagittal alignment of the spine-pelvis-lower extremity axis in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis: a radiographic study. Bone Joint Res. 2016;5(5):198\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2046-3758.55.2000538.","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"3225_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2015.01.046","volume":"30","author":"S Nakamura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nakamura S, Ito H, Yoshitomi H, Kuriyama S, Komistek RD, Matsuda S. Analysis of the flexion gap on in vivo knee kinematics using fluoroscopy. J Arthroplasty. 2015;30(7):1237\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2015.01.046.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"5","key":"3225_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.4055\/cios22207","volume":"15","author":"SJ Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song SJ, Lee HW, Park CH. Predictors of recurrent flexion contracture after total knee arthroplasty in osteoarthritic knees with greater than 15\u00b0 flexion contracture. Clin Orthop Surg. 2023;15(5):770\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4055\/cios22207.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03225-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03225-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03225-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T12:51:54Z","timestamp":1760359914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03225-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03225-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-783X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-783X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Yongin Severance Hospital (9\u20132025-0043), and the requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Individual consent for publication was waived by the IRB due to the retrospective nature of the study and complete anonymization of all patient data and images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"960"}}