{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T03:49:22Z","timestamp":1793504962907,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Anhui Province higher education science project","award":["2108085QH337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2108085QH337"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Health Research Project Foundation","award":["AHWJ2023A30034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHWJ2023A30034"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017668","name":"Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Plan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202104j07020029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202104j07020029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Med Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-03233-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T08:48:59Z","timestamp":1760086139000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cigarette smoke extract promotes metastasis and oxaliplatin resistance in colon adenocarcinoma through GDF15\/ERBB2\/AKT pathway"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bai-chuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-si","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A-man","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3233_CR1","first-page":"209","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209\u201349.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"10207","key":"3233_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32319-0","volume":"394","author":"E Dekker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dekker E, Tanis PJ, Vleugels JLA, Kasi PM, Wallace MB. Colorectal cancer. Lancet. 2019;394(10207):1467\u201380.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"3233_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.08.002","volume":"38","author":"C Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li C, Sun YD, Yu GY, Cui JR, Lou Z, Zhang H, et al. Integrated omics of metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell. 2020;38(5):734-47.e9.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"3233_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.07.008","volume":"170","author":"T Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu T, Guo F, Yu Y, Sun T, Ma D, Han J, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes chemoresistance to colorectal cancer by modulating autophagy. Cell. 2017;170(3):548-63.e16.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"13","key":"3233_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70486-3","volume":"15","author":"HJ Schmoll","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schmoll HJ, Twelves C, Sun W, O\u2019Connell MJ, Cartwright T, McKenna E, et al. Effect of adjuvant capecitabine or fluorouracil, with or without oxaliplatin, on survival outcomes in stage III colon cancer and the effect of oxaliplatin on post-relapse survival: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from four randomised controlled trials. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(13):1481\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3233_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325021","volume":"71","author":"X Bai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bai X, Wei H, Liu W, Coker OO, Gou H, Liu C, et al. Cigarette smoke promotes colorectal cancer through modulation of gut microbiota and related metabolites. Gut. 2022;71(12):2439\u201350.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"3233_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2020.1727410","volume":"50","author":"ET Chang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang ET, Lau EC, Moolgavkar SH. Smoking, air pollution, and lung cancer risk in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study cohort: time-dependent confounding and effect modification. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2020;50(3):189\u2013200.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3233_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20220085","volume":"33","author":"H Masaoka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Masaoka H, Matsuo K, Oze I, Kimura T, Tamakoshi A, Sugawara Y, et al. Cigarette smoking, smoking cessation, and bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies in Japan. J Epidemiol. 2023;33(11):582\u20138.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"23","key":"3233_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.839","volume":"300","author":"E Botteri","year":"2008","unstructured":"Botteri E, Iodice S, Bagnardi V, Raimondi S, Lowenfels AB, Maisonneuve P. Smoking and colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300(23):2765\u201378.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"3233_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkab077","volume":"5","author":"E Alwers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alwers E, Carr PR, Banbury B, Walter V, Chang-Claude J, Jansen L, et al. Smoking behavior and prognosis after colorectal cancer diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 11 studies. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2021;5(5):pkab077.","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr"},{"issue":"2","key":"3233_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx761","volume":"29","author":"JM Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez-Mena","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez-Mena JM, Walter V, Sch\u00f6ttker B, Jenab M, O\u2019Doherty MG, Kee F, et al. Impact of prediagnostic smoking and smoking cessation on colorectal cancer prognosis: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from cohorts within the CHANCES consortium. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2018;29(2):472\u201383.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3233_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djab142","volume":"114","author":"T Ugai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ugai T, V\u00e4yrynen JP, Haruki K, Akimoto N, Lau MC, Zhong R, et al. Smoking and incidence of colorectal cancer subclassified by tumor-associated macrophage infiltrates. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2022;114(1):68\u201377.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"8","key":"3233_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0945-x","volume":"26","author":"R Suriben","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suriben R, Chen M, Higbee J, Oeffinger J, Ventura R, Li B, et al. Antibody-mediated inhibition of GDF15-GFRAL activity reverses cancer cachexia in mice. Nat Med. 2020;26(8):1264\u201370.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3233_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2021.11.002","volume":"64","author":"JA Siddiqui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siddiqui JA, Pothuraju R, Khan P, Sharma G, Muniyan S, Seshacharyulu P, et al. Pathophysiological role of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in obesity, cancer, and cachexia. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2022;64:71\u201383.","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3233_CR15","first-page":"80","volume":"37","author":"S Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li S, Ma YM, Zheng PS, Zhang P. GDF15 promotes the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by phosphorylating AKT1 and Erk1\/2 through the receptor ErbB2. J Exp Clin Cancer Res CR. 2018;37(1):80.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res CR"},{"issue":"1","key":"3233_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-022-0949-7","volume":"17","author":"Y Du","year":"2023","unstructured":"Du Y, Ma Y, Zhu Q, Fu Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, et al. GDF15 negatively regulates chemosensitivity via TGFBR2-AKT pathway-dependent metabolism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Front Med. 2023;17(1):119\u201331.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3233_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15869","volume":"114","author":"SF Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang SF, Chang YL, Fang WL, Li AF, Chen CF, Yeh TS, et al. Growth differentiation factor 15 induces cisplatin resistance through upregulation of xCT expression and glutathione synthesis in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci. 2023;114(8):3301\u201317.","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"issue":"44","key":"3233_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72148","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12355","volume":"7","author":"KH Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim KH, Park SH, Do KH, Kim J, Choi KU, Moon Y. Nsaid-activated gene 1 mediates pro-inflammatory signaling activation and paclitaxel chemoresistance in type I human epithelial ovarian cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget. 2016;7(44):72148\u201366.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"18","key":"3233_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202414211","volume":"12","author":"TT Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen TT, Wei YY, Kang JY, Zhang DW, Ye JJ, Sun XS, et al. ADAR1-HNRNPL-Mediated CircCANX Decline Promotes Autophagy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025;12(18):e2414211.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"3233_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102916","volume":"67","author":"Z Zeng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zeng Z, Li T, Liu X, Ma Y, Luo L, Wang Z, et al. DNA dioxygenases TET2 deficiency promotes cigarette smoke induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by inducing ferroptosis of lung epithelial cell. Redox Biol. 2023;67:102916.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"27","key":"3233_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3514","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.412","volume":"35","author":"A Mizutani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mizutani A, Koinuma D, Seimiya H, Miyazono K. The Arkadia-ESRP2 axis suppresses tumor progression: analyses in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene. 2016;35(27):3514\u201323.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"11","key":"3233_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-0285-7","volume":"20","author":"D Bruni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bruni D, Angell HK, Galon J. The immune contexture and immunoscore in cancer prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2020;20(11):662\u201380.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"3233_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.026","volume":"184","author":"Y Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo Y, Xiang W, Liu Z, Yao L, Tang L, Tan W, et al. Functional role of the SLC7A11-AS1\/xCT axis in the development of gastric cancer cisplatin-resistance by a GSH-dependent mechanism. Free Radic Biol Med. 2022;184:53\u201365.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3233_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.3831","volume":"33","author":"B Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang B, Jacobs EJ, Gapstur SM, Stevens V, Campbell PT. Active smoking and mortality among colorectal cancer survivors: the cancer prevention study II nutrition cohort. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2015;33(8):885\u201393.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"21","key":"3233_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4948","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26114","volume":"117","author":"AI Phipps","year":"2011","unstructured":"Phipps AI, Baron J, Newcomb PA. Prediagnostic smoking history, alcohol consumption, and colorectal cancer survival: the Seattle Colon Cancer Family Registry. Cancer. 2011;117(21):4948\u201357.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"3233_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujiyoshi K, Chen Y, Haruki K, Ugai T, Kishikawa J, Hamada T, et al. Smoking Status at Diagnosis and Colorectal Cancer Prognosis According to Tumor Lymphocytic Reaction. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2020;4 (5):pkaa040.","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkaa040"},{"issue":"6","key":"3233_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29511","volume":"137","author":"V Walter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Walter V, Jansen L, Hoffmeister M, Ulrich A, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H. Smoking and survival of colorectal cancer patients: population-based study from Germany. Int J Cancer. 2015;137(6):1433\u201345.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"3233_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22271","volume":"32","author":"CW Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim CW, Go RE, Lee HM, Hwang KA, Lee K, Kim B, et al. Cigarette smoke extracts induced the colon cancer migration via regulating epithelial mesenchymal transition and metastatic genes in human colon cancer cells. Environ Toxicol. 2017;32(2):690\u2013704.","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3233_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2015.4363","volume":"35","author":"T Xiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xiang T, Fei R, Wang Z, Shen Z, Qian J, Chen W. Nicotine enhances invasion and metastasis of human colorectal cancer cells through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor downstream p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Oncol Rep. 2016;35(1):205\u201310.","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"3233_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2023.08.012","volume":"30","author":"MO Islam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Islam MO, Thangaretnam K, Lu H, Peng D, Soutto M, El-Rifai W, et al. Smoking induces WEE1 expression to promote docetaxel resistance in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2023;30:286\u2013300.","journal-title":"Mol Ther Oncolytics"},{"issue":"12","key":"3233_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3116","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds208","volume":"23","author":"AA Argyriou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Argyriou AA, Velasco R, Briani C, Cavaletti G, Bruna J, Alberti P, et al. Peripheral neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin in combination with 5-fluorouracil (FOLFOX) or capecitabine (XELOX): a prospective evaluation of 150 colorectal cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(12):3116\u201322.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"726","key":"3233_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ade4113","volume":"15","author":"C Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang C, Yu JJ, Yang C, Yuan ZL, Zeng H, Wang JJ, et al. Wild-type IDH1 maintains NSCLC stemness and chemoresistance through activation of the serine biosynthetic pathway. Sci Transl Med. 2023;15(726):eade4113.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3233_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-021-00271-y","volume":"26","author":"D Fu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fu D, Wang C, Yu L, Yu R. Induction of ferroptosis by ATF3 elevation alleviates cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer by restraining Nrf2\/Keap1\/xCT signaling. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2021;26(1):26.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"issue":"10","key":"3233_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00529-7","volume":"17","author":"D Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang D, Day EA, Townsend LK, Djordjevic D, J\u00f8rgensen SB, Steinberg GR. GDF15: emerging biology and therapeutic applications for obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17(10):592\u2013607.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3233_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.12.016","volume":"29","author":"S Patel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patel S, Alvarez-Guaita A, Melvin A, Rimmington D, Dattilo A, Miedzybrodzka EL, et al. GDF15 Provides an Endocrine Signal of Nutritional Stress in Mice and Humans. Cell Metab. 2019;29(3):707-18.e8.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"3233_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103448","volume":"24","author":"M Miyake","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miyake M, Zhang J, Yasue A, Hisanaga S, Tsugawa K, Sakaue H, et al. Integrated stress response regulates GDF15 secretion from adipocytes, preferentially suppresses appetite for a high-fat diet and improves obesity. iScience. 2021;24(12):103448.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"8","key":"3233_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6883","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305295200","volume":"279","author":"SJ Baek","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baek SJ, Kim JS, Nixon JB, DiAugustine RP, Eling TE. Expression of NAG-1, a transforming growth factor-beta superfamily member, by troglitazone requires the early growth response gene EGR-1. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(8):6883\u201392.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"3233_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00366-y","volume":"3","author":"JH Weng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weng JH, Koch PD, Luan HH, Tu HC, Shimada K, Ngan I, et al. Colchicine acts selectively in the liver to induce hepatokines that inhibit myeloid cell activation. Nat Metab. 2021;3(4):513\u201322.","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"3233_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.3390\/jox14030053","volume":"14","author":"M Djouina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Djouina M, Ollivier A, Waxin C, Kervoaze G, Pichavant M, Caboche S, et al. Chronic exposure to both electronic and conventional cigarettes alters ileum and colon turnover, immune function, and barrier integrity in mice. J Xenobiotics. 2024;14(3):950\u201369.","journal-title":"J Xenobiotics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3233_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-019-0311-8","volume":"12","author":"D Zong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zong D, Liu X, Li J, Ouyang R, Chen P. The role of cigarette smoke-induced epigenetic alterations in inflammation. Epigenetics Chromatin. 2019;12(1):65.","journal-title":"Epigenetics Chromatin"},{"key":"3233_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1492256","volume":"12","author":"E Kominkova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kominkova E, Petrek M, Navratilova Z. Protective factors against oxidative stress in COPD: focus on Nrf2-dependent antioxidant gene expression. Front Med Lausanne. 2025;12:1492256.","journal-title":"Front Med Lausanne"},{"issue":"21","key":"3233_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39797","volume":"10","author":"ES Oh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oh ES, Lee JW, Song YN, Kim MO, Lee RW, Kang MJ, et al. Tangeretin inhibits airway inflammatory responses by reducing early growth response 1 (EGR1) expression in mice exposed to cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide. Heliyon. 2024;10(21):e39797.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"7","key":"3233_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2012.10.002","volume":"43","author":"T Yuan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yuan T, Luo BL, Wei TH, Zhang L, He BM, Niu RC. Salubrinal protects against cigarette smoke extract-induced HBEpC apoptosis likely via regulating the activity of PERK-eIF2\u03b1 signaling pathway. Arch Med Res. 2012;43(7):522\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"issue":"sup2","key":"3233_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2018.1466146","volume":"46","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Li L. GDF15 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in colorectal [corrected]. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018;46(sup2):652\u20138.","journal-title":"Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3233_CR45","first-page":"1149","volume":"47","author":"H Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin H, Luo Y, Gong T, Fang H, Li H, Ye G, et al. GDF15 induces chemoresistance to oxaliplatin by forming a reciprocal feedback loop with Nrf2 to maintain redox homeostasis in colorectal cancer. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands). 2024;47(4):1149\u201365.","journal-title":"Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3233_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4253","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39817-3","volume":"14","author":"M Haake","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haake M, Haack B, Sch\u00e4fer T, Harter PN, Mattavelli G, Eiring P, et al. Tumor-derived GDF-15 blocks LFA-1 dependent T cell recruitment and suppresses responses to anti-PD-1 treatment. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):4253.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"181","key":"3233_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.24976\/Discov.Med.202436181.23","volume":"36","author":"J Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang J, Ding X, Dong Y, Zhu H. Growth differentiation factor-15 orchestrates inflammation-related diseases via macrophage polarization. Discov Med. 2024;36(181):248\u201355.","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3233_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12830","volume":"20","author":"C Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li C, Wang X, Casal I, Wang J, Li P, Zhang W, et al. Growth differentiation factor 15 is a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer. J Cell Mol Med. 2016;20(8):1420\u20136.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"3233_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11405","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c00571","volume":"7","author":"C Lv","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lv C, Li S, Zhao J, Yang P, Yang C. M1 macrophages enhance survival and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma by inducing GDF15-mediated ErbB2 phosphorylation. ACS Omega. 2022;7(13):11405\u201314.","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"1","key":"3233_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2012.02.003","volume":"197","author":"JH Lim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lim JH, Woo SM, Min KJ, Park EJ, Jang JH, Seo BR, et al. Rottlerin induces apoptosis of HT29 colon carcinoma cells through NAG-1 upregulation via an ERK and p38 MAPK-dependent and PKC \u03b4-independent mechanism. Chem Biol Interact. 2012;197(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03233-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03233-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03233-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:33:39Z","timestamp":1760366019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03233-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3233"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03233-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-783X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-783X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All subjects signed the informed consent and the study was approved by the ethics committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors read and approved the final manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"958"}}