{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:25:13Z","timestamp":1793039113382,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82474538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82474538"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tianjin Health Commission Jinmen medical talent project","award":["TJSJMYXYC-D2-028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TJSJMYXYC-D2-028"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Med Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-03366-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T02:37:34Z","timestamp":1764988654000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of different types of internal fixation on the incidence of femoral head necrosis in adult femoral neck fractures: a single-arm rate and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teng-Shuai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Fei","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Dong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Tian","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-Ci","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai-Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"3366_CR1","first-page":"236","volume":"68","author":"RI Davidovitch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davidovitch RI, Jordan CJ, Egol KA, Vrahas MS. Challenges in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in the nonelderly adult. J Trauma. 2010;68:236\u201342.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"3366_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000291","volume":"29","author":"AV Florschutz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Florschutz AV, Langford JR, Haidukewych GJ, Koval KJ. Femoral neck fractures: current management. J Orthop Trauma. 2015;29:121\u20139.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"3366_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02524-0","volume":"16","author":"M Quaranta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quaranta M, Miranda L, Oliva F, Migliorini F, Pezzuti G, Maffulli N. Haemoglobin and transfusions in elderly patients with hip fractures: the effect of a dedicated orthogeriatrician. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16:387.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3366_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05219-4","volume":"19","author":"X Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han X, Han L, Chu F, Liu B, Song F, Jia D, et al. Predictors for 1-year mortality in geriatric patients following fragile intertrochanteric fracture surgery. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19:701.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3366_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58101314","volume":"58","author":"N Maffulli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maffulli N, Aicale R. Proximal femoral fractures in the elderly: a few things to know, and some to forget. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;58:1314.","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"3366_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.38560","volume":"14","author":"E Marsillo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marsillo E, Pintore A, Asparago G, Oliva F, Maffulli N. Cephalomedullary nailing for reverse oblique intertrochanteric fractures 31A3 (AO\/OTA). Orthop Rev (Pavia). 2022;14:38560.","journal-title":"Orthop Rev (Pavia)"},{"key":"3366_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05136-6","volume":"19","author":"J Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang J, Lin L, Lyu J, Fang X, Zhang W. Hip arthroplasty following failure of internal fixation in intertrochanteric femoral fractures: classification decision-making for femoral stem selection and clinical validation. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19:671.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3366_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-14-00431","volume":"23","author":"D van der Jagt","year":"2015","unstructured":"van der Jagt D, Mokete L, Pietrzak J, Zalavras CG, Lieberman JR. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head: evaluation and treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015;23:69\u201370.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3366_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldz004","volume":"129","author":"R Papalia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Papalia R, Torre G, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Hip fractures in children and adolescents. Br Med Bull. 2019;129:117\u201328.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"3366_CR10","first-page":"131","volume":"36","author":"DS Damany","year":"2005","unstructured":"Damany DS, Parker MJ, Chojnowski A. Complications after intracapsular hip fractures in young adults. A meta-analysis of 18 published studies involving 564 fractures. Injury. 2005;36:131\u201341.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3366_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2990-5","volume":"20","author":"J-L Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu J-L, Liang Z-R, Xiong B-L, Zou Q-Z, Lin T-Y, Yang P, et al. Risk factors associated with osteonecrosis of femoral head after internal fixation of femoral neck fracture:a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20:632.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"3366_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20151002-05","volume":"38","author":"Y Ye","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ye Y, Hao J, Mauffrey C, Hammerberg EM, Stahel PF, Hak DJ. Optimizing stability in femoral neck fracture fixation. Orthopedics. 2015;38:625\u201330.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"3366_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02517-z","volume":"16","author":"H Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu H, Cheng J, Feng M, Gao Z, Wu J, Lu S. Clinical outcome of femoral neck system versus cannulated compression screws for fixation of femoral neck fracture in younger patients. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16:370.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3366_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.06.006","volume":"14","author":"A Freitas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Freitas A, J\u00fanior JVR, Dos Santos AF, Aquino RJ, Le\u00e3o VN, de Alc\u00e2ntara WP. Biomechanical study of different internal fixations in Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture\u2014a finite elements analysis. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021;14:145\u201350.","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"3366_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2020.105714","volume":"196","author":"W Zeng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zeng W, Liu Y, Hou X. Biomechanical evaluation of internal fixation implants for femoral neck fractures: a comparative finite element analysis. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2020;196:105714.","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"3366_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2024.104222","volume":"131","author":"H Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang H, Lv J, Xu X, Mei J, Liu Y. Kinetic analysis and stability evaluation of femoral neck fracture with internal fixation based on gait rehabilitation training. Med Eng Phys. 2024;131:104222.","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"3366_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02659-0","volume":"16","author":"Y Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang Y, Zhang Z, Wang L, Xiong W, Fang Q, Wang G. Femoral neck system versus inverted cannulated cancellous screw for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in adults: a preliminary comparative study. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16:504.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3366_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1224559","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Li Z, Lao K, Wang Z, Zhang L, Dai S, et al. Femoral neck system vs. cannulated screws on treating femoral neck fracture: a meta-analysis and system review. Front Surg. 2023;10:1224559.","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"3366_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldaa044","volume":"137","author":"M Quaranta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quaranta M, Miranda L, Oliva F, Aletto C, Maffulli N. Osteotomies for avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Br Med Bull. 2021;137:98\u2013111.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"3366_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2021.1862790","volume":"21","author":"F Migliorini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Migliorini F, Maffulli N, Eschweiler J, Tingart M, Baroncini A. Core decompression isolated or combined with bone marrow-derived cell therapies for femoral head osteonecrosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2021;21:423\u201330.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"3366_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldw010","volume":"118","author":"F Sadile","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sadile F, Bernasconi A, Russo S, Maffulli N. Core decompression versus other joint preserving treatments for osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a meta-analysis. Br Med Bull. 2016;118:33\u201349.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"3366_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life12020179","volume":"12","author":"F Migliorini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Migliorini F, La Padula G, Oliva F, Torsiello E, Hildebrand F, Maffulli N. Operative management of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in skeletally immature patients: a systematic review. Life. 2022;12:179.","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"3366_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199701000-00009","volume":"334","author":"T Nakamura","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nakamura T, Matsumoto T, Nishino M, Tomita K, Kadoya M. Early magnetic resonance imaging and histologic findings in a model of femoral head necrosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997;334:68\u201372.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"3366_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200104000-00024","author":"M Kawasaki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kawasaki M, Hasegawa Y, Sakano S, Sugiyama H, Tajima T, Iwasada S, et al. Prediction of osteonecrosis by magnetic resonance imaging after femoral neck fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003086-200104000-00024.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"3366_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:l4898.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3366_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","volume":"355","author":"JA Sterne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC, Savovi\u0107 J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3366_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1111\/os.70077","volume":"17","author":"N Ramadanov","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ramadanov N, Voss M, Diallo RM, Lettner J, Hakam HT, Prill R, et al. Do meta-analyses of total hip arthroplasty produce reliable results? A systematic review and meta-epidemiological study of statistical methods. Orthop Surg. 2025;17:1936\u201355.","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3366_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-04493-y","volume":"19","author":"B-H Yin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yin B-H, Liu C-J, Sherrier MC, Sun H, Zhang W. Compressive buttress compared with off-axial screw fixation for vertical femoral neck fractures in young adults: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19:42.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3366_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4009","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-231547","volume":"32","author":"H Hong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hong H, Sha M, Chen Z, Li Y, Kang L. Comparison of dynamic hip screw with anti-rotation screw and femoral neck system internal fixation for the treatment of garden II-IV type femoral neck fractures. Technol Health Care. 2024;32:4009\u201317.","journal-title":"Technol Health Care"},{"key":"3366_CR30","first-page":"583","volume":"27","author":"H Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao H, Hong L, Ruonan Y. Comparison of dynamic hip screw and anti-rotation screw internal fixation and femoral neck system internal fixation in the treatment of Garden II-IV femoral neck fracture. Zhongguo zu zhi gong cheng yan jiu. 2023;27:583\u20137.","journal-title":"Zhongguo zu zhi gong cheng yan jiu"},{"key":"3366_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12503","volume":"11","author":"Q Dong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dong Q, Han Z, Zhang Y-G, Sun X, Ma X-L. Comparison of transverse cancellous lag screw and ordinary cannulated screw fixations in treatment of vertical femoral neck fractures. Orthop Surg. 2019;11:595\u2013603.","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3366_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-015-2881-9","volume":"39","author":"B Siavashi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Siavashi B, Aalirezaei A, Moosavi M, Golbakhsh MR, Savadkoohi D, Zehtab MJ. A comparative study between multiple cannulated screws and dynamic hip screw for fixation of femoral neck fracture in adults. Int Orthop. 2015;39:2069\u201371.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"3366_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.86B7.15047","volume":"86","author":"A Upadhyay","year":"2004","unstructured":"Upadhyay A, Jain P, Mishra P, Maini L, Gautum VK, Dhaon BK. Delayed internal fixation of fractures of the neck of the femur in young adults. A prospective, randomised study comparing closed and open reduction. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004;86:1035\u201340.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"3366_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.09.025","volume":"49","author":"P Campenfeldt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Campenfeldt P, Al-Ani A, Hedstr\u00f6m M, Ekstr\u00f6m W. Low BMD and high alcohol consumption predict a major re-operation in patients younger than 70 years of age with a displaced femoral neck fracture\u2014a 2-year follow up study in 120 patients. Injury. 2018;49:2042\u20136.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3366_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-015-2709-7","volume":"39","author":"H Yuan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yuan H, Shen F, Zhang J, Shi H, Gu Y, Yan Z. Predictive value of single photon emission computerized tomography and computerized tomography in osteonecrosis after femoral neck fracture: a prospective study. Int Orthop. 2015;39:1417\u201322.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"3366_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07380-7","volume":"25","author":"X Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou X, Guo S, Pan W, Zhang L, Ji H, Yang Y. The small screw-apex distance is potentially associated with femoral head osteonecrosis in adults with femoral neck fractures treated by closed reduction and percutaneous 3 parallel cannulated screws. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024;25:286.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"3366_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01737-3","volume":"29","author":"J Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang J, Wan S, Luo X, Zhang C, Wu C, He L, et al. Increasing the angle between caudal screw and the transverse plane may aggravate the risk of femoral head necrosis by deteriorating the fixation stability in patients with femoral neck fracture. Eur J Med Res. 2024;29:170.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"3366_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07179-6","volume":"25","author":"S-C Yeoh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yeoh S-C, Wu W-T, Peng C-H, Yao T-K, Chang C-M, Liu K-L, et al. Femoral neck system versus multiple cannulated screws for the fixation of Pauwels classification type II femoral neck fractures in older female patients with low bone mass. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024;25:62.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"3366_CR39","first-page":"412","volume":"38","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Ma W, Tian K, Fan K, Kuang X, Yan J, et al. Comparison of effectiveness of three surgical methods in treatment of Pauwels type \u2162 femoral neck fracture in young and middle-aged patients. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2024;38:412\u201321.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"3366_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300060524123898","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605241238983","volume":"52","author":"C Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo C, Huang J, Chen Z, Cai Z, Cai T. Clinical efficacy of Femoral Neck System for treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures in young adults. J Int Med Res. 2024;52:3000605241238983.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"3366_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07319-y","volume":"25","author":"L Cai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cai L, Zheng W, Chen C, Hu W, Chen H, Wang T. Comparison of young femoral neck fractures treated by femoral neck system, multiple cancellous screws and dynamic hip screws: a retrospectively comparison study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024;25:188.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"3366_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06805-z","volume":"24","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li C, Lin Y, Lv Y, Huang S, et al. Prediction of hip joint function and analysis of risk factors for internal fixation failure after Femoral Neck System (FNS). BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023;24:674.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"3366_CR43","first-page":"635","volume":"36","author":"F Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang F, Nie Y, Chai Z-H, Fan Z-Q, Fu T. Short term follow-up of unstable femoral neck fractures in young adults treated with femoral neck system and cannulated compression screws. Zhongguo Gu Shang. 2023;36:635\u201340.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Gu Shang"},{"key":"3366_CR44","first-page":"958","volume":"37","author":"L Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang L, Mo G, Xu L, Li Y, Ruan S. Study on effectiveness of treating femoral neck fractures based on theory of \u201cpositive support.\u201d Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2023;37:958\u201363.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"3366_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2023.2266752","volume":"36","author":"SG Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan SG, Cui Y, Li D, Liu F, Hua X, Schmidutz F. Femoral neck system versus three cannulated screws for fixation of femoral neck fractures in younger patients: a retrospective cohort study. J Invest Surg. 2023;36:2266752.","journal-title":"J Invest Surg"},{"key":"3366_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06959-w","volume":"24","author":"M Su","year":"2023","unstructured":"Su M, He Z, Huang N, Lin X, Fang K, Dai Z. Superior short-term outcomes of FNS in combination with a cannulated screw in treating femoral neck fractures. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023;24:823.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"3366_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2023.12197","volume":"26","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu J, Zuo Q, Zhou H, Huang X. Comparison of the clinical efficacy of three cannulated screws with parallel distribution and inverted triangular distribution in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in the elderly. Exp Ther Med. 2023;26:498.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"3366_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2022.09.006","volume":"28","author":"H Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin H, Lai C, Zhou Z, Wang C, Yu X. Femoral neck system vs. four cannulated screws in the treatment of Pauwels III femoral neck fracture. J Orthop Sci. 2023;28:1373\u20138.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"3366_CR49","first-page":"162","volume":"37","author":"J Ji","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ji J, Chen H, Yang B, Dong L, Wang M, Huang X. Risk factors for osteonecrosis of femoral head after femoral neck fracture fixation with femoral neck system. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2023;37:162\u20137.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"3366_CR50","first-page":"1631","volume":"103","author":"SL Ge","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ge SL, Wang XF, Liu L, Zhang XD, Dou YC, Gong MQ, et al. Clinical efficacy of femoral neck screw system combined with supported hollow screw in treatment of femoral neck fractures with posterometral comminution in young and middle-aged patients. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2023;103:1631\u20137.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"3366_CR51","volume":"94","author":"S De Franco","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Franco S, Ipponi E, Ruinato AD, Parchi PD, Andreani L, Scaglione M, et al. Femoral neck fractures treated with cannulated screws: can surgeons predict functional outcomes and minimize the risk of necrosis? Acta Biomed. 2023;94:e2023013.","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"3366_CR52","first-page":"678","volume":"35","author":"W-J Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng W-J, Ding G-Z, Xie J-B, Li T-L, Zhang Y, Gong Y-H. Comparison of curative effect between F-shaped hollow screw and traditional three parallel screws in the treatment of Pauwels type \u2162 femoral neck fracture. Zhongguo Gu Shang. 2022;35:678\u201382.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Gu Shang"},{"key":"3366_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13098","volume":"13","author":"X-Q Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou X-Q, Li Z-Q, Xu R-J, She Y-S, Zhang X-X, Chen G-X, et al. Comparison of early clinical results for femoral neck system and cannulated screws in the treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures. Orthop Surg. 2021;13:1802\u20139.","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3366_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.07.014","volume":"52","author":"D Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang D, Zhan S, Cai Q, Hu H, Jia W. Long-term differences in clinical prognosis between crossed- and parallel-cannulated screw fixation in vertical femoral neck fractures of non-geriatric patients. Injury. 2021;52:3408\u201314.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3366_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-01724-4","volume":"15","author":"F Pei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pei F, Zhao R, Li F, Chen X, Guo K, Zhu L. Osteonecrosis of femoral head in young patients with femoral neck fracture: a retrospective study of 250 patients followed for average of 7.5 years. J Orthop Surg Res. 2020;15:238.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3366_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12683","volume":"12","author":"F-X Ju","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ju F-X, Hou R-X, Xiong J, Shi H-F, Chen Y-X, Wang J-F. Outcomes of femoral neck fractures treated with cannulated internal fixation in elderly patients: a long-term follow-up study. Orthop Surg. 2020;12:809\u201318.","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3366_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-02039-0","volume":"15","author":"K Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang K, Fang X, Li G, Yue J. Assessing the effect of Gotfried reduction with positive buttress pattern in the young femoral neck fracture. J Orthop Surg Res. 2020;15:511.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3366_CR58","first-page":"233","volume":"63","author":"CD Novoa-Parra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Novoa-Parra CD, P\u00e9rez-Ortiz S, L\u00f3pez-Trabucco RE, Blas-Dob\u00f3n JA, Rodrigo-P\u00e9rez JL, Lizaur-Utrilla A. Factors associated with the development of avascular necrosis of the femoral head after non-displaced femoral neck fracture treated with internal fixation. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed). 2019;63:233\u20138.","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"3366_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2019.05.009","volume":"105","author":"L Nanty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nanty L, Canovas F, Rodriguez T, Faure P, Dagneaux L. Femoral neck shortening after internal fixation of Garden I fractures increases the risk of femoral head collapse. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2019;105:999\u20131004.","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"3366_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2016.12.014","volume":"22","author":"JW Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim JW, Ryu J-S, Baek S, Byun S-E, Chang JS. The timing of bone SPECT to predict osteonecrosis after internal fixation of femur neck fractures. J Orthop Sci. 2017;22:457\u201362.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"3366_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5669","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.904026","volume":"23","author":"W Fan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fan W, Zhu L, Chen J, Guo C, Yan Z. Identifying patients who will most benefit from single photon emission computerized tomography and computerized tomography after femoral neck fracture. Med Sci Monit. 2017;23:5669\u201374.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"3366_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003706","volume":"95","author":"Y-L Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Y-L, Chen S, Ai Z-S, Gao Y-S, Mei J, Zhang C-Q. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head, nonunion and potential risk factors in Pauwels grade-3 femoral neck fractures: a retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e3706.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"3366_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.10.022","volume":"47","author":"HK Song","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song HK, Choi HJ, Yang KH. Risk factors of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and fixation failure in patients with valgus angulated femoral neck fractures over the age of 50 years. Injury. 2016;47:2743\u20138.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3366_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2016.0124","volume":"98","author":"O Riaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Riaz O, Arshad R, Nisar S, Vanker R. Serum albumin and fixation failure with cannulated hip screws in undisplaced intracapsular femoral neck fracture. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2016;98:376\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"3366_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2016.8.2.146","volume":"8","author":"JS Kang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kang JS, Moon KH, Shin JS, Shin EH, Ahn CH, Choi GH. Clinical results of internal fixation of subcapital femoral neck fractures. Clin Orthop Surg. 2016;8:146\u201352.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3366_CR66","first-page":"982","volume":"29","author":"H-T Hou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hou H-T, Li W-Y, Liu Y-W, Chen K, Tong Z-F, Hai Y, et al. Subtype classification of Garden III femoral neck fractures in the elderly based on frontal Garden index and its clinical significance. Zhongguo Gu Shang. 2016;29:982\u20138.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Gu Shang"},{"key":"3366_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.013","volume":"47","author":"DP Dargan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dargan DP, Callachand F, Diamond OJ, Connolly CK. Three-year outcomes of intracapsular femoral neck fractures fixed with sliding hip screws in adults aged under 65 years. Injury. 2016;47:2495\u2013500.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3366_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002139","volume":"94","author":"C Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang C, Xu G-J, Han Z, Jiang X, Zhang C-B, Dong Q, et al. Correlation between residual displacement and osteonecrosis of the femoral head following cannulated screw fixation of femoral neck fractures. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94:e2139.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"3366_CR69","first-page":"4983","volume":"19","author":"FY Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu FY, Liu CW, Wu SZ. Different screw placement schemes in the treatment of middle-aged and young patients with displaced femoral neck fracture: reduction quality and femoral head necrosis rate. Chin J Tissue Eng Res. 2015;19:4983\u20138.","journal-title":"Chin J Tissue Eng Res"},{"key":"3366_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1117","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20141124-60","volume":"37","author":"T Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang T, Sun J-Y, Zha G-C, Jiang T, You Z-J, Yuan D-J. Analysis of risk factors for femoral head necrosis after internal fixation in femoral neck fractures. Orthopedics. 2014;37:e1117\u201323.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"3366_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-011-0936-1","volume":"23","author":"D Schweitzer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schweitzer D, Melero P, Zylberberg A, Salabarrieta J, Urrutia J. Factors associated with avascular necrosis of the femoral head and nonunion in patients younger than 65 years with displaced femoral neck fractures treated with reduction and internal fixation. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2013;23:61\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"3366_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-012-0331-8","volume":"18","author":"Z-S Ai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ai Z-S, Gao Y-S, Sun Y, Liu Y, Zhang C-Q, Jiang C-H. Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with avascular necrosis of the femoral head following femoral neck fractures in middle-aged and elderly patients. J Orthop Sci. 2013;18:271\u20136.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"3366_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-012-1619-1","volume":"36","author":"F Razik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Razik F, Alexopoulos A-S, El-Osta B, Connolly MJ, Brown A, Hassan S, et al. Time to internal fixation of femoral neck fractures in patients under 60 years\u2014does this matter in the development of osteonecrosis of femoral head? Int Orthop. 2012;36:2127\u201332.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"3366_CR74","unstructured":"Han J-C, Zhu W-Z, Xu J, Chen C-J. Percutaneous internal fixation with titanium cannulated screws for femoral neck fractures: efficacy and host reaction in 57 cases. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu yu Linchuang Kangfu 2007;11:5242\u20133."},{"key":"3366_CR75","first-page":"3256","volume":"85","author":"Y Mao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mao Y, Wei J, Zhou L, Wang M, Su J. Related factor analysis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head after internal fixation with cannulated screws in femoral neck fractures. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2005;85:3256\u20139.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"3366_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02850038","volume":"21","author":"O Karaeminogullari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Karaeminogullari O, Demirors H, Atabek M, Tuncay C, Tandogan R, Ozalay M. Avascular necrosis and nonunion after osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures: effect of fracture displacement and time to surgery. Adv Ther. 2004;21:335\u201342.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"3366_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(02)00367-4","volume":"34","author":"KE Nikolopoulos","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nikolopoulos KE, Papadakis SA, Kateros KT, Themistocleous GS, Vlamis JA, Papagelopoulos PJ, et al. Long-term outcome of patients with avascular necrosis, after internal fixation of femoral neck fractures. Injury. 2003;34:525\u20138.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3366_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1024\/1023-9332.5.6.257","volume":"5","author":"M Jakob","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jakob M, Rosso R, Weller K, Babst R, Regazzoni P. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head after open reduction and internal fixation of femoral neck fractures: an inevitable complication? Swiss Surg. 1999;5:257\u201364.","journal-title":"Swiss Surg"},{"key":"3366_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B5.1894675","volume":"73","author":"MJ Parker","year":"1991","unstructured":"Parker MJ, Porter KM, Eastwood DM, Schembi Wismayer M, Bernard AA. Intracapsular fractures of the neck of femur. Parallel or crossed garden screws? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991;73:826\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"3366_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200006223422507","volume":"342","author":"J Concato","year":"2000","unstructured":"Concato J, Shah N, Horwitz RI. Randomized, controlled trials, observational studies, and the hierarchy of research designs. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1887\u201392.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3366_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280207080643","volume":"17","author":"G Salanti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Salanti G, Higgins JPT, Ades AE, Ioannidis JPA. Evaluation of networks of randomized trials. Stat Methods Med Res. 2008;17:279\u2013301.","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"3366_CR82","first-page":"456","volume":"26","author":"H-R Liang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liang H-R, Zhou X, Yang Y-F, Niu W-J, Song W-J, Ren Z-Y, et al. Pathogenesis of femoral head necrosis after internal fixation of femoral neck fracture in young adults. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2022;26:456\u201360.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu"},{"key":"3366_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e223","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20201216-06","volume":"44","author":"K Chu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chu K, Cheng G, Yu G-Z, Ning B, Jia T-H. Inconsistency of bone mineral density between femoral head and proximal femur after femoral neck fracture surgery indicates great possibility of femoral head necrosis. Orthopedics. 2021;44:e223\u20138.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"3366_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024834","volume":"100","author":"J-G Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang J-G, Wu J-X, Li Y-M, Xu Y-Y. Biomechanical analysis of the closed reduction internal fixation with cannulated screw of femoral neck fractures. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100:e24834.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"3366_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2020.07.046","volume":"36","author":"J Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng J, Wang H, Gao Y, Ai Z. A study on the evaluation of a risk score of osteonecrosis of the femoral head based on survival analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2021;36:62\u201371.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"3366_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-4866","volume":"9","author":"W Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu W, Xie K, Zhang X, Yang J, Xu L, Zhu J, et al. Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for postoperative osteonecrosis of the femoral head with cannulated screws fixation. Ann Transl Med. 2021;9:281.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"3366_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610050","volume":"19","author":"W Konarski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Konarski W, Pobo\u017cy T, Kotela A, \u015aliwczy\u0144ski A, Kotela I, Hordowicz M, et al. The risk of avascular necrosis following the stabilization of femoral neck fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:10050.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"3366_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01353","volume":"90","author":"F Liporace","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liporace F, Gaines R, Collinge C, Haidukewych GJ. Results of internal fixation of Pauwels type-3 vertical femoral neck fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90:1654\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"3366_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05177-x","volume":"19","author":"M Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen M, Li Y, Yang Y, Zhuang W. Analysis of the risk factors for contralateral refracture after hip fracture surgery in elderly individuals: a retrospective study. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19:681.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3366_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.08.007","volume":"52","author":"Y-P Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Y-P, Kuo Y-J, Hung S-W, Wen T-W, Chien P-C, Chiang M-H, et al. Loss of skeletal muscle mass can be predicted by sarcopenia and reflects poor functional recovery at 1 year after surgery for geriatric hip fractures. Injury. 2021;52:3446\u201352.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3366_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05263-0","volume":"19","author":"T Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu T, Zhang X, Zhang J, Ye P, Yang M, Tian M. Effect of the orthogeriatric co-management on older hip fracture patients with multimorbidity: a post-hoc exploratory subgroup analysis of a non-randomised controlled trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19:780.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3366_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02634-9","volume":"16","author":"G Gargano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gargano G, Poeta N, Oliva F, Migliorini F, Maffulli N. Zimmer natural nail and ELOS nails in pertrochanteric fractures. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16:509.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3366_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2021.12.004","volume":"21","author":"F Migliorini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Migliorini F, Maffulli N, Baroncini A, Eschweiler J, Tingart M, Betsch M. Prognostic factors in the management of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a systematic review. Surgeon. 2023;21:85\u201398.","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"3366_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05079-y","volume":"19","author":"A-P Schulz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schulz A-P, M\u00fcnch M, Barth T, Kowald B, Frese J, Behrends L, et al. Initial construct stability of long cephalomedullary nails with superior locking for a complex trochanteric fracture model AO31A2.2\u2014a biomechanical study. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19:728.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3366_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OI9.0000000000000346","volume":"7","author":"SA Tarrant","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tarrant SA, Mitchell BP, Blankespoor MG, Littell ZD, Zackula RE, Lais RL, et al. Outcomes of internal fixation with femoral neck system (FNS) for intracapsular femoral neck fractures. OTA Int. 2024;7:e346.","journal-title":"OTA Int"},{"key":"3366_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000739","volume":"31","author":"K Stoffel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stoffel K, Zderic I, Gras F, Sommer C, Eberli U, Mueller D, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of the femoral neck system in unstable Pauwels III femoral neck fractures: a comparison with the dynamic hip screw and cannulated screws. J Orthop Trauma. 2017;31:131\u20137.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"3366_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215145932211135","DOI":"10.1177\/21514593221113533","volume":"13","author":"P Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian P, Kuang L, Li Z-J, Xu G-J, Fu X. Comparison between femoral neck systems and cannulated cancellous screws in treating femoral neck fractures: a meta-analysis. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2022;13:21514593221113532.","journal-title":"Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"},{"key":"3366_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-04114-8","volume":"18","author":"N Ramadanov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramadanov N, J\u00f3\u017awiak K, Hauptmann M, Lazaru P, Marinova-Kichikova P, Dimitrov D, et al. Cannulated screws versus dynamic hip screw versus hemiarthroplasty versus total hip arthroplasty in patients with displaced and non-displaced femoral neck fractures: a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis of 5703 patients. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18:625.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03366-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03366-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03366-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T05:01:57Z","timestamp":1765170117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03366-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03366-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-783X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-783X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This meta-analysis is based on aggregated data from previously published studies. As no new human or animal participants were involved, additional ethics approval was not required. All original studies included in this analysis were conducted in accordance with ethical standards and obtained appropriate ethics approval and informed consent from participants, as stated in their respective publications.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This meta-analysis synthesizes data from previously published studies, all of which are anonymized and publicly available. No direct consent from participants is required as no individual-level data are presented.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1217"}}