{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:22:14Z","timestamp":1788272534950,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":310,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82504762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82504762"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32541014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32541014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82574386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82574386"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2026M792288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026M792288"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Neurodegener"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The brain was long been regarded as an immune-privileged organ with a lack of lymphatic drainage, partly because of the absence of parenchymal lymphatic vessels. This long-held doctrine has been challenged by recent advancements in central lymphatic vascular biology. The central drainage network, which consists of the glymphatic system, meningeal lymphatic vessels, and cranial perineural drainage pathways, plays a crucial role in the clearance of metabolic brain waste and the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Furthermore, the meninges and brain perivascular spaces are rich in immune cells that regulate neuronal activities and diverse behaviors through secretion of cytokines. Dysfunction of the central lymphatic network is widely observed in natural aging and neurodegenerative disorders, which is characterized by mislocalization of aquaporin-4 on astrocytic endfeet, impairment of lymphatic valvular integrity, and alterations in the proportion and phenotype of meningeal immune cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the anatomical foundations, molecular regulatory mechanisms, and physiological functions of this system. We summarize the pathological roles of the central lymphatic network across neurodegenerative conditions and discuss emerging clinical assessment frameworks based on multimodal imaging and liquid biomarkers. We also highlight promising therapeutic strategies, such as restoring meningeal lymphatic function, targeting glymphatic drainage, and modulating the meningeal immune microenvironment. Elucidating the dynamics of the central lymphatic network will reshape our understanding of brain homeostasis, paving the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. Future research should focus on translating fundamental findings into clinical applications, thereby accelerating the transition from basic research to clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-026-00579-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:11:42Z","timestamp":1788268302000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Central nervous system lymphatic network: from the maintenance of brain homeostasis to emerging therapeutic perspectives in neurodegenerative diseases"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shixin","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiguang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ze","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiliang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuiying","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Kueckelhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven G.","family":"Meuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"579_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03706-5","volume":"78","author":"ST Proulx","year":"2021","unstructured":"Proulx ST. Cerebrospinal fluid outflow: a review of the historical and contemporary evidence for arachnoid villi, perineural routes, and dural lymphatics. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021;78(6):2429\u201357.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02177-z","volume":"10","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Niu Y, Li Y, Xia C, Chen Z, Chen Y, et al. Meningeal lymphatic drainage: novel insights into central nervous system disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025;10(1):142.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"579_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-102319-103410","volume":"38","author":"K Alves de Lima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alves de Lima K, Rustenhoven J, Kipnis J. Meningeal immunity and its function in maintenance of the central nervous system in health and disease. Annu Rev Immunol. 2020;38:597\u2013620.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"579_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iliff JJ, Wang M, Liao Y, Plogg BA, Peng W, Gundersen GA, et al. A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid beta. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4(147):147ra11.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748"},{"issue":"6140","key":"579_CR5","first-page":"1529","volume":"340","author":"M Nedergaard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nedergaard M. Neuroscience. Garbage truck of the brain Science. 2013;340(6140):1529\u201330.","journal-title":"Garbage truck of the brain Science"},{"key":"579_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mestre H, Hablitz LM, Xavier AL, Feng W, Zou W, Pu T, et al. Aquaporin-4-dependent glymphatic solute transport in the rodent brain. Elife. 2018;7.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40070"},{"key":"579_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ringstad G, Valnes LM, Dale AM, Pripp AH, Vatnehol SS, Emblem KE, et al. Brain-wide glymphatic enhancement and clearance in humans assessed with MRI. JCI Insight. 2018;3(13).","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.121537"},{"key":"579_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.10.089","volume":"134","author":"E Raz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raz E, Dehkharghani S, Shapiro M, Nossek E, Jain R, Zhang C, et al. Possible empirical evidence of glymphatic system on computed tomography after endovascular perforations. World Neurosurg. 2020;134:e400\u20134.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"7560","key":"579_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14432","volume":"523","author":"A Louveau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Louveau A, Smirnov I, Keyes TJ, Eccles JD, Rouhani SJ, Peske JD, et al. Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels. Nature. 2015;523(7560):337\u201341.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"579_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20142290","volume":"212","author":"A Aspelund","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aspelund A, Antila S, Proulx ST, Karlsen TV, Karaman S, Detmar M, et al. A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules. J Exp Med. 2015;212(7):991\u20139.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"579_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Absinta M, Ha SK, Nair G, Sati P, Luciano NJ, Palisoc M, et al. Human and nonhuman primate meninges harbor lymphatic vessels that can be visualized noninvasively by MRI. Elife. 2017;6.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.29738"},{"issue":"7996","key":"579_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06899-4","volume":"625","author":"JH Yoon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yoon JH, Jin H, Kim HJ, Hong SP, Yang MJ, Ahn JH, et al. Nasopharyngeal lymphatic plexus is a hub for cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Nature. 2024;625(7996):768\u201377.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"579_CR13","first-page":"72","volume":"26","author":"S Ulusoy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ulusoy S, Bayar Muluk N, Karpischenko S, Passali GC, Negm H, Passali D, et al. Mechanisms and solutions for nasal drug delivery - a narrative review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022;26(2 Suppl):72\u201381.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01198-3","volume":"9","author":"Y Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin Y, Jin J, Lv R, Luo Y, Dai W, Li W, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases the brain\u2019s drainage efficiency in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2021;9(1):102.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"579_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00115-2","volume":"24","author":"LM Pinho-Correia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pinho-Correia LM, McCullough SJC, Ghanizada H, Nedergaard M, Rustenhoven J, Da Mesquita S. CSF transport at the brain-meningeal border: effects on neurological health and disease. Lancet Neurol. 2025;24(6):535\u201347.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"579_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101157","volume":"96","author":"T Clahsen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Clahsen T, Hadrian K, Notara M, Schlereth SL, Howaldt A, Prokosch V, et al. The novel role of lymphatic vessels in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2023;96:101157.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"579_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115734","author":"C Delle","year":"2024","unstructured":"Delle C, Wang X, Nedergaard M. The ocular glymphatic system-current understanding and future perspectives. Int J Mol Sci. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25115734.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"579_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao Q, Yang S, Wang X, Sun H, Chen W, Wang Y, et al. Transport of beta-amyloid from brain to eye causes retinal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. J Exp Med. 2024;221(11).","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20240386"},{"issue":"11","key":"579_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X221109997","volume":"42","author":"XZ He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He XZ, Li X, Li ZH, Meng JC, Mao RT, Zhang XK, et al. High-resolution 3D demonstration of regional heterogeneity in the glymphatic system. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2022;42(11):2017\u201331.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"579_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-02073-3","volume":"28","author":"L Hirschler","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hirschler L, Runderkamp BA, Decker A, van Harten TW, Scheyhing P, Ehses P, et al. Region-specific drivers of CSF mobility measured with MRI in humans. Nat Neurosci. 2025;28(11):2392\u2013401.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.346484","volume":"18","author":"YJ Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang YJ, Sun YR, Pei YH, Ma HW, Mu YK, Qin LH, et al. The lymphatic drainage systems in the brain: a novel target for ischemic stroke? Neural Regen Res. 2023;18(3):485\u201391.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-043024-120520","volume":"88","author":"PK Eide","year":"2026","unstructured":"Eide PK, Quesada CLV, Ringstad G. Cerebrospinal fluid-mediated brain clearance: insights from human studies. Annu Rev Physiol. 2026;88(1):297\u2013320.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1862-7","volume":"136","author":"NJ Albargothy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Albargothy NJ, Johnston DA, MacGregor-Sharp M, Weller RO, Verma A, Hawkes CA, et al. Convective influx\/glymphatic system: tracers injected into the CSF enter and leave the brain along separate periarterial basement membrane pathways. Acta Neuropathol. 2018;136(1):139\u201352.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-020-01042-0","volume":"8","author":"SH Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim SH, Ahn JH, Yang H, Lee P, Koh GY, Jeong Y. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy aggravates perivascular clearance impairment in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse model. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2020;8(1):181.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"579_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa179","volume":"143","author":"IF Harrison","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harrison IF, Ismail O, Machhada A, Colgan N, Ohene Y, Nahavandi P, et al. Impaired glymphatic function and clearance of tau in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease model. Brain. 2020;143(8):2576\u201393.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-024-06161-4","volume":"166","author":"PK Eide","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eide PK. Neurosurgery and the glymphatic system. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2024;166(1):274.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"579_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahn JH, Cho H, Kim JH, Kim SH, Ham JS, Park I, et al. Meningeal lymphatic vessels at the skull base drain cerebrospinal fluid. Nature. 2019;572(7767):62-+.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1419-5"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062596","volume":"204","author":"P Baluk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baluk P, Fuxe J, Hashizume H, Romano T, Lashnits E, Butz S, et al. Functionally specialized junctions between endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels. J Exp Med. 2007;204(10):2349\u201362.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"8002","key":"579_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06993-7","volume":"627","author":"LCD Smyth","year":"2024","unstructured":"Smyth LCD, Xu D, Okar SV, Dykstra T, Rustenhoven J, Papadopoulos Z, et al. Identification of direct connections between the dura and the brain. Nature. 2024;627(8002):165\u201373.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"579_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacob L, de Brito Neto J, Lenck S, Corcy C, Benbelkacem F, Geraldo LH, et al. Conserved meningeal lymphatic drainage circuits in mice and humans. J Exp Med. 2022;219(8).","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220035"},{"key":"579_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/prs.0000000000012627","author":"AW Wong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wong AW, Sim NHS, Thng CB, Sim DPY, Low ZL, Foo ASC. The potential connection between the brain and neck: exploring the meningeal-cervical lymphatic pathway in primate models. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/prs.0000000000012627.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"579_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113693","volume":"28","author":"M Albayram","year":"2025","unstructured":"Albayram M, Richmond SB, Yagmurlu K, Tuna IS, Karakaya E, Ravichandran H, et al. Meningeal lymphatic architecture and drainage dynamics surrounding the human middle meningeal artery. iScience. 2025;28(11):113693.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-023-00426-3","volume":"20","author":"CL Vera Quesada","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vera Quesada CL, Rao SB, Torp R, Eide PK. Immunohistochemical visualization of lymphatic vessels in human dura mater: methodological perspectives. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2023;20(1):23.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"7","key":"579_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3042","volume":"13","author":"RE Gabr","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gabr RE, Lincoln JA, Hasan KM, Kramer LA. Functional assessment of the dural lymphatic vessels using dynamic contrast MRI in multiple sclerosis. Brain Behav. 2023;13(7):e3042.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2023.03.002","volume":"50","author":"LD Patel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patel LD, Raghavan P, Tang S, Choi S, Harrison DM. Imaging of the meningeal lymphatic network in healthy adults: a 7T MRI study. J Neuroradiol. 2023;50(4):369\u201376.","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-025-01433-5","volume":"9","author":"H Estrada","year":"2025","unstructured":"Estrada H, Deffieux T, Robin J, Tanter M, Razansky D. Imaging the brain by traversing the skull with light and sound. Nat Biomed Eng. 2025;9(10):1574\u201390.","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"6627","key":"579_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adc8810","volume":"379","author":"K Mollgard","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mollgard K, Beinlich FRM, Kusk P, Miyakoshi LM, Delle C, Pla V, et al. A mesothelium divides the subarachnoid space into functional compartments. Science. 2023;379(6627):84\u20138.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"23","key":"579_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.09.002","volume":"111","author":"R Pietila","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pietila R, Del Gaudio F, He L, Vazquez-Liebanas E, Vanlandewijck M, Muhl L, et al. Molecular anatomy of adult mouse leptomeninges. Neuron. 2023;111(23):3745-64 e7.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"579_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.769948","volume":"12","author":"NH Mehta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mehta NH, Sherbansky J, Kamer AR, Carare RO, Butler T, Rusinek H, et al. The brain-nose interface: a potential cerebrospinal fluid clearance site in humans. Front Physiol. 2021;12:769948.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20926","volume":"31","author":"WR Pan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pan WR, Suami H, Corlett RJ, Ashton MW. Lymphatic drainage of the nasal fossae and nasopharynx: preliminary anatomical and radiological study with clinical implications. Head Neck. 2009;31(1):52\u20137.","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"9","key":"579_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-025-00705-2","volume":"4","author":"DM McDonald","year":"2025","unstructured":"McDonald DM, Alitalo K, Betsholtz C, Engelhardt B, Proulx ST, Siegenthaler J, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid draining lymphatics in health and disease: advances and controversies. Nat Cardiovasc Res. 2025;4(9):1047\u201365.","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"8072","key":"579_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09052-5","volume":"643","author":"H Jin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jin H, Yoon JH, Hong SP, Hwang YS, Yang MJ, Choi J, et al. Increased CSF drainage by non-invasive manipulation of cervical lymphatics. Nature. 2025;643(8072):755\u201367.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7767","key":"579_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1419-5","volume":"572","author":"JH Ahn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahn JH, Cho H, Kim JH, Kim SH, Ham JS, Park I, et al. Meningeal lymphatic vessels at the skull base drain cerebrospinal fluid. Nature. 2019;572(7767):62\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"579_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101004010052","volume":"4","author":"M Goel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goel M, Picciani RG, Lee RK, Bhattacharya SK. Aqueous humor dynamics: a review. Open Ophthalmol J. 2010;4:52\u20139.","journal-title":"Open Ophthalmol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01723-x","volume":"9","author":"Z Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu Z, Zhao X, Wu Z, Qu B, Yuan M, Xing Y, et al. Lymphatic vessel: origin, heterogeneity, biological functions, and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024;9(1):9.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2000.0925","volume":"72","author":"T Mimura","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mimura T, Amano S, Usui T, Kaji Y, Oshika T, Ishii Y. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 in corneal lymphangiogenesis. Exp Eye Res. 2001;72(1):71\u20138.","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"579_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2015.07.028","volume":"220","author":"Y Yucel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yucel Y, Gupta N. Lymphatic drainage from the eye: a new target for therapy. Prog Brain Res. 2015;220:185\u201398.","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"579_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2022.07.002","volume":"26","author":"B Lou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lou B, Wu W, Zeng L, Zhou W, Zhang X, Zhou X, et al. Alleviating experimental allergic eye disease by inhibiting pro-lymphangiogenic VEGFR3 signal. Ocul Surf. 2022;26:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"8006","key":"579_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07130-8","volume":"628","author":"X Yin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yin X, Zhang S, Lee JH, Dong H, Mourgkos G, Terwilliger G, et al. Compartmentalized ocular lymphatic system mediates eye-brain immunity. Nature. 2024;628(8006):204\u201311.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-023-00506-4","volume":"21","author":"XJ Tong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tong XJ, Akdemir G, Wadhwa M, Verkman AS, Smith AJ. Large molecules from the cerebrospinal fluid enter the optic nerve but not the retina of mice. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2024;21(1):1.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"11","key":"579_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4784","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22290","volume":"58","author":"E Mathieu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mathieu E, Gupta N, Ahari A, Zhou X, Hanna J, Yucel YH. Evidence for cerebrospinal fluid entry into the optic nerve via a glymphatic pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58(11):4784\u201391.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01484-6","volume":"8","author":"Q Ma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ma Q, Ineichen BV, Detmar M, Proulx ST. Outflow of cerebrospinal fluid is predominantly through lymphatic vessels and is reduced in aged mice. Nat Commun. 2017;8(1):1434.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20210035","volume":"84","author":"RWF Damasceno","year":"2021","unstructured":"Damasceno RWF, Barbosa JAP, Cortez LRC, Belfort R Jr. Orbital lymphatic vessels: immunohistochemical detection in the lacrimal gland, optic nerve, fat tissue, and extrinsic oculomotor muscles. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2021;84(3):209\u201313.","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"579_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3955","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17243","volume":"56","author":"AK Denniston","year":"2015","unstructured":"Denniston AK, Keane PA. Paravascular pathways in the eye: is there an \u201cOcular Glymphatic System\u201d? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(6):3955\u20136.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"579_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17071145","author":"B Amann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amann B, Kleinwort KJ, Hirmer S, Sekundo W, Kremmer E, Hauck SM, et al. Expression and distribution pattern of aquaporin 4, 5 and 11 in retinas of 15 different species. Int J Mol Sci. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms17071145.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"14","key":"579_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.14.23","volume":"64","author":"C Philips","year":"2023","unstructured":"Philips C, Terrie L, Muylle E, Van Ginderdeuren R, Vereecke E, Mombaerts I, et al. The immunoarchitecture of human extraocular muscles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2023;64(14):23.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"579_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7406","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17883","volume":"56","author":"F Schrodl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schrodl F, Kaser-Eichberger A, Trost A, Strohmaier C, Bogner B, Runge C, et al. Lymphatic markers in the adult human choroid. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(12):7406\u201316.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15705","volume":"56","author":"ME Koina","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koina ME, Baxter L, Adamson SJ, Arfuso F, Hu P, Madigan MC, et al. Evidence for lymphatics in the developing and adult human choroid. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(2):1310\u201327.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04559-w","volume":"79","author":"B Lou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lou B, Zeng L, Gao X, Qian X, Li JJ, Gu X, et al. A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the human ciliary body. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022;79(10):528.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"579_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.048","author":"Y Chayama","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chayama Y, Rao NR, Perla D, Zhang Z, Reid M, Nelson S, et al. Physiological brain clearance architecture revealed by neuronal protein tracing. Cell. 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.048.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"579_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106035","volume":"179","author":"S Peng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng S, Liu J, Liang C, Yang L, Wang G. Aquaporin-4 in glymphatic system, and its implication for central nervous system disorders. Neurobiol Dis. 2023;179:106035.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.08.053","volume":"129","author":"EA Nagelhus","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nagelhus EA, Mathiisen TM, Ottersen OP. Aquaporin-4 in the central nervous system: cellular and subcellular distribution and coexpression with KIR4.1. Neuroscience. 2004;129(4):905\u201313.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3468","volume":"14","author":"MC Papadopoulos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS. Aquaporin water channels in the nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2013;14(4):265\u201377.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00527-7","volume":"21","author":"L Bojarskaite","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bojarskaite L, Nafari S, Ravnanger AK, Frey MM, Skauli N, Abjorsbraten KS, et al. Role of aquaporin-4 polarization in extracellular solute clearance. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2024;21(1):28.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0437946100","volume":"100","author":"M Amiry-Moghaddam","year":"2003","unstructured":"Amiry-Moghaddam M, Otsuka T, Hurn PD, Traystman RJ, Haug FM, Froehner SC, et al. An alpha-syntrophin-dependent pool of AQP4 in astroglial end-feet confers bidirectional water flow between blood and brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(4):2106\u201311.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"579_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.82232","author":"RS Gomolka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gomolka RS, Hablitz LM, Mestre H, Giannetto M, Du T, Hauglund NL, et al. Loss of aquaporin-4 results in glymphatic system dysfunction via brain-wide interstitial fluid stagnation. Elife. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.82232.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201308118","volume":"204","author":"AJ Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith AJ, Jin BJ, Ratelade J, Verkman AS. Aggregation state determines the localization and function of M1- and M23-aquaporin-4 in astrocytes. J Cell Biol. 2014;204(4):559\u201373.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.08.034","volume":"168","author":"JM Crane","year":"2010","unstructured":"Crane JM, Tajima M, Verkman AS. Live-cell imaging of aquaporin-4 diffusion and interactions in orthogonal arrays of particles. Neuroscience. 2010;168(4):892\u2013902.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30779-x","volume":"8","author":"MJ Simon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Simon MJ, Wang MX, Murchison CF, Roese NE, Boespflug EL, Woltjer RL, et al. Transcriptional network analysis of human astrocytic endfoot genes reveals region-specific associations with dementia status and tau pathology. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):12389.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-025-00676-3","volume":"22","author":"MM Frey","year":"2025","unstructured":"Frey MM, Zohoorian N, Skauli N, Ottersen OP, Amiry-Moghaddam M. Are diurnal variations in glymphatic clearance driven by circadian regulation of Aquaporin-4 expression? Fluids Barriers CNS. 2025;22(1):64.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"9","key":"579_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2012.06.013","volume":"44","author":"J Ratelade","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ratelade J, Verkman AS. Neuromyelitis optica: aquaporin-4 based pathogenesis mechanisms and new therapies. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2012;44(9):1519\u201330.","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"579_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.03.004","volume":"56","author":"X Si","year":"2024","unstructured":"Si X, Dai S, Fang Y, Tang J, Wang Z, Li Y, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition prevents aquaporin-4 depolarization-mediated glymphatic dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Adv Res. 2024;56:125\u201336.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"579_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106100","volume":"181","author":"TJ Pedersen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pedersen TJ, Keil SA, Han W, Wang MX, Iliff JJ. The effect of aquaporin-4 mis-localization on Abeta deposition in mice. Neurobiol Dis. 2023;181:106100.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18115-2","volume":"11","author":"LM Hablitz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hablitz LM, Pla V, Giannetto M, Vinitsky HS, Staeger FF, Metcalfe T, et al. Circadian control of brain glymphatic and lymphatic fluid flow. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):4411.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"13","key":"579_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.05.097","volume":"27","author":"S Ciappelloni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ciappelloni S, Bouchet D, Dubourdieu N, Boue-Grabot E, Kellermayer B, Manso C, et al. Aquaporin-4 surface trafficking regulates astrocytic process motility and synaptic activity in health and autoimmune disease. Cell Rep. 2019;27(13):3860-72 e4.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"17","key":"579_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4762","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.17.4762","volume":"20","author":"T Makinen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Makinen T, Veikkola T, Mustjoki S, Karpanen T, Catimel B, Nice EC, et al. Isolated lymphatic endothelial cells transduce growth, survival and migratory signals via the VEGF-C\/D receptor VEGFR-3. EMBO J. 2001;20(17):4762\u201373.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"579_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527971","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1527971","volume":"13","author":"KG Kuonqui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kuonqui KG, Campbell AC, Pollack BL, Shin J, Sarker A, Brown S, et al. Regulation of VEGFR3 signaling in lymphatic endothelial cells. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2025;13:1527971.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44133-x","volume":"14","author":"N Montenegro-Navarro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Montenegro-Navarro N, Garcia-Baez C, Garcia-Caballero M. Molecular and metabolic orchestration of the lymphatic vasculature in physiology and pathology. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):8389.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02249-0","volume":"10","author":"C Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee C, Kim MJ, Kumar A, Lee HW, Yang Y, Kim Y. Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025;10(1):170.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"579_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.667474","volume":"12","author":"A Yamamura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yamamura A, Nayeem MJ, Muramatsu H, Nakamura K, Sato M. MAZ51 blocks the tumor growth of prostate cancer by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:667474.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"40","key":"579_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2503434122","volume":"122","author":"M Han","year":"2025","unstructured":"Han M, Han Y, Jiang Z, Gao Y, Cao G, Zhang H, et al. Ultrasmall inorganic nanoparticles repair damaged meningeal lymphatic vessels to boost Parkinson\u2019s disease therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025;122(40):e2503434122.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"13","key":"579_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8868","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.062040199","volume":"99","author":"H Kubo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kubo H, Cao R, Brakenhielm E, Makinen T, Cao Y, Alitalo K. Blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 signaling inhibits fibroblast growth factor-2-induced lymphangiogenesis in mouse cornea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(13):8868\u201373.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-08-2964","volume":"104","author":"R Kunstfeld","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kunstfeld R, Hirakawa S, Hong YK, Schacht V, Lange-Asschenfeldt B, Velasco P, et al. Induction of cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in VEGF-A transgenic mice results in chronic skin inflammation associated with persistent lymphatic hyperplasia. Blood. 2004;104(4):1048\u201357.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2004.08.034","volume":"6","author":"R Cao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cao R, Bjorndahl MA, Religa P, Clasper S, Garvin S, Galter D, et al. PDGF-BB induces intratumoral lymphangiogenesis and promotes lymphatic metastasis. Cancer Cell. 2004;6(4):333\u201345.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2013.04.024","volume":"71","author":"D Marino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marino D, Angehrn Y, Klein S, Riccardi S, Baenziger-Tobler N, Otto VI, et al. Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor promotes lymphangiogenesis in the skin. J Dermatol Sci. 2013;71(3):184\u201394.","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"43","key":"579_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15593","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507865102","volume":"102","author":"M Bjorndahl","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bjorndahl M, Cao R, Nissen LJ, Clasper S, Johnson LA, Xue Y, et al. Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 induce lymphangiogenesis in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(43):15593\u20138.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"579_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.11.027","volume":"78","author":"L Gibot","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gibot L, Galbraith T, Kloos B, Das S, Lacroix DA, Auger FA, et al. Cell-based approach for 3D reconstruction of lymphatic capillaries in vitro reveals distinct functions of HGF and VEGF-C in lymphangiogenesis. Biomaterials. 2016;78:129\u201339.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"12","key":"579_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4642","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-08-3327","volume":"105","author":"T Tammela","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tammela T, Saaristo A, Lohela M, Morisada T, Tornberg J, Norrmen C, et al. Angiopoietin-1 promotes lymphatic sprouting and hyperplasia. Blood. 2005;105(12):4642\u20138.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9","key":"579_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-06-2538","volume":"107","author":"R Cao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cao R, Bjorndahl MA, Gallego MI, Chen S, Religa P, Hansen AJ, et al. Hepatocyte growth factor is a lymphangiogenic factor with an indirect mechanism of action. Blood. 2006;107(9):3531\u20136.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"579_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20092277","volume":"208","author":"C Cursiefen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cursiefen C, Maruyama K, Bock F, Saban D, Sadrai Z, Lawler J, et al. Thrombospondin 1 inhibits inflammatory lymphangiogenesis by CD36 ligation on monocytes. J Exp Med. 2011;208(5):1083\u201392.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03583-1","volume":"12","author":"C Luo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo C, Yin H, Gao T, Ma C, Liu J, Zhang T, et al. PEDF inhibits lymphatic metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma as a new lymphangiogenesis inhibitor. Cell Death Dis. 2021;12(4):295.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"579_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a006494","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006494","volume":"2","author":"A Zumsteg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zumsteg A, Christofori G. Myeloid cells and lymphangiogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012;2(6):a006494.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"35","key":"579_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10938","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508330112","volume":"112","author":"C Kunert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kunert C, Baish JW, Liao S, Padera TP, Munn LL. Mechanobiological oscillators control lymph flow. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(35):10938\u201343.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"579_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.207274","volume":"106","author":"DO Miteva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miteva DO, Rutkowski JM, Dixon JB, Kilarski W, Shields JD, Swartz MA. Transmural flow modulates cell and fluid transport functions of lymphatic endothelium. Circ Res. 2010;106(5):920\u201331.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"579_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22083955","author":"L Balint","year":"2021","unstructured":"Balint L, Jakus Z. Mechanosensation and mechanotransduction by lymphatic endothelial cells act as important regulators of lymphatic development and function. Int J Mol Sci. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22083955.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.456","volume":"31","author":"L Planas-Paz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Planas-Paz L, Strilic B, Goedecke A, Breier G, Fassler R, Lammert E. Mechanoinduction of lymph vessel expansion. EMBO J. 2012;31(4):788\u2013804.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"6000","key":"579_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193270","volume":"330","author":"B Coste","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coste B, Mathur J, Schmidt M, Earley TJ, Ranade S, Petrus MJ, et al. Piezo1 and Piezo2 are essential components of distinct mechanically activated cation channels. Science. 2010;330(6000):55\u201360.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"579_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu J, Chen Q, Zhu H, Hou L, Liu W, Yang Q, et al. Microglial Piezo1 senses Abeta fibril stiffness to restrict Alzheimer's disease. Neuron. 2023;111(1):15\u201329 e8.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.021"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.320565","volume":"131","author":"D Choi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choi D, Park E, Yu RP, Cooper MN, Cho IT, Choi J, et al. Piezo1-regulated mechanotransduction controls flow-activated lymphatic expansion. Circ Res. 2022;131(2):e2\u201321.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"579_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI176577","author":"J Du","year":"2024","unstructured":"Du J, Liu P, Zhou Y, Misener S, Sharma I, Leeaw P, et al. The mechanosensory channel PIEZO1 functions upstream of angiopoietin\/TIE\/FOXO1 signaling in lymphatic development. J Clin Invest. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI176577.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01571-9","volume":"8","author":"Y Meng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meng Y, Lv T, Zhang J, Shen W, Li L, Li Y, et al. Temporospatial inhibition of Erk signaling is required for lymphatic valve formation. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):342.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"579_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI79386","volume":"125","author":"DT Sweet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sweet DT, Jimenez JM, Chang J, Hess PR, Mericko-Ishizuka P, Fu J, et al. Lymph flow regulates collecting lymphatic vessel maturation in vivo. J Clin Invest. 2015;125(8):2995\u20133007.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.12.020","volume":"22","author":"A Sabine","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sabine A, Agalarov Y, Maby-El Hajjami H, Jaquet M, Hagerling R, Pollmann C, et al. Mechanotransduction, PROX1, and FOXC2 cooperate to control connexin37 and calcineurin during lymphatic-valve formation. Dev Cell. 2012;22(2):430\u201345.","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"579_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.089565","volume":"140","author":"K Koltowska","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koltowska K, Betterman KL, Harvey NL, Hogan BM. Getting out and about: the emergence and morphogenesis of the vertebrate lymphatic vasculature. Development. 2013;140(9):1857\u201370.","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"11","key":"579_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.030825","volume":"10","author":"X Geng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Geng X, Cha B, Mahamud MR, Srinivasan RS. Intraluminal valves: development, function and disease. Dis Model Mech. 2017;10(11):1273\u201387.","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03042-3","volume":"76","author":"HP Janardhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Janardhan HP, Trivedi CM. Establishment and maintenance of blood-lymph separation. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019;76(10):1865\u201376.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"579_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Czarniak N, Kaminska J, Matowicka-Karna J, Koper-Lenkiewicz OM. Cerebrospinal fluid-basic concepts review. Biomedicines. 2023;11(5).","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11051461"},{"issue":"8","key":"579_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6413-x","volume":"259","author":"BL Wright","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wright BL, Lai JT, Sinclair AJ. Cerebrospinal fluid and lumbar puncture: a practical review. J Neurol. 2012;259(8):1530\u201345.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2020","volume":"102","author":"MK Rasmussen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rasmussen MK, Mestre H, Nedergaard M. Fluid transport in the brain. Physiol Rev. 2022;102(2):1025\u2013151.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"42","key":"579_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2407246121","volume":"121","author":"EA Yamamoto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yamamoto EA, Bagley JH, Geltzeiler M, Sanusi OR, Dogan A, Liu JJ, et al. The perivascular space is a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid flow in humans: a proof-of-principle report. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024;121(42):e2407246121.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab428","volume":"145","author":"LP Carlstrom","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carlstrom LP, Eltanahy A, Perry A, Rabinstein AA, Elder BD, Morris JM, et al. A clinical primer for the glymphatic system. Brain. 2022;145(3):843\u201357.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36643-5","volume":"14","author":"L Bojarskaite","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bojarskaite L, Vallet A, Bjornstad DM, Gullestad Binder KM, Cunen C, Heuser K, et al. Sleep cycle-dependent vascular dynamics in male mice and the predicted effects on perivascular cerebrospinal fluid flow and solute transport. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):953.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6156","key":"579_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241224","volume":"342","author":"L Xie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xie L, Kang H, Xu Q, Chen MJ, Liao Y, Thiyagarajan M, et al. Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain. Science. 2013;342(6156):373\u20137.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02614-z","volume":"13","author":"D Yao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yao D, Li R, Hao J, Huang H, Wang X, Ran L, et al. Melatonin alleviates depression-like behaviors and cognitive dysfunction in mice by regulating the circadian rhythm of AQP4 polarization. Transl Psychiatry. 2023;13(1):310.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X251337637","volume":"45","author":"VV Nair","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nair VV, Kish BR, Oshima H, Wright AM, Wen Q, Schwichtenberg AJ, et al. Amplitude fluctuations of cerebrovascular oscillations and CSF movement desynchronize during NREM3 sleep. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2025;45(10):1980\u201392.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8887","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64414-x","volume":"16","author":"JE Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen JE, Lewis LD, Coursey SE, Catana C, Polimeni JR, Fan J, et al. Simultaneous EEG-PET-MRI identifies temporally coupled and spatially structured brain dynamics across wakefulness and NREM sleep. Nat Commun. 2025;16(1):8887.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"579_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hauglund NL, Andersen M, Tokarska K, Radovanovic T, Kjaerby C, Sorensen FL, et al. Norepinephrine-mediated slow vasomotion drives glymphatic clearance during sleep. Cell. 2025;188(3):606\u201322 e17.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.11.027"},{"issue":"6800","key":"579_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aeg2276","volume":"392","author":"M Nedergaard","year":"2026","unstructured":"Nedergaard M. The oscillatory biology of sleep: linkage to dementia. Science. 2026;392(6800):821\u20136.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"579_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1779","volume":"9","author":"JA Filosa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Filosa JA, Bonev AD, Straub SV, Meredith AL, Wilkerson MK, Aldrich RW, et al. Local potassium signaling couples neuronal activity to vasodilation in the brain. Nat Neurosci. 2006;9(11):1397\u2013403.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"579_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112934","volume":"42","author":"E Byvaltcev","year":"2023","unstructured":"Byvaltcev E, Behbood M, Schleimer JH, Gensch T, Semyanov A, Schreiber S, et al. KCC2 reverse mode helps to clear postsynaptically released potassium at glutamatergic synapses. Cell Rep. 2023;42(8):112934.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"579_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24439","volume":"71","author":"L Bordoni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bordoni L, Thoren AE, Gutierrez-Jimenez E, Abjorsbraten KS, Bjornstad DM, Tang W, et al. Deletion of aquaporin-4 improves capillary blood flow distribution in brain edema. Glia. 2023;71(11):2559\u201372.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-023-00421-8","volume":"20","author":"T Koch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koch T, Vinje V, Mardal KA. Estimates of the permeability of extra-cellular pathways through the astrocyte endfoot sheath. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2023;20(1):20.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"579_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-091922-031205","volume":"46","author":"B Diaz-Castro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Diaz-Castro B, Robel S, Mishra A. Astrocyte endfeet in brain function and pathology: open questions. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2023;46:101\u201321.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"579_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109405","volume":"36","author":"JN Haidey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haidey JN, Peringod G, Institoris A, Gorzo KA, Nicola W, Vandal M, et al. Astrocytes regulate ultra-slow arteriole oscillations via stretch-mediated TRPV4-COX-1 feedback. Cell Rep. 2021;36(5):109405.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab311","volume":"145","author":"MM Salman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salman MM, Kitchen P, Halsey A, Wang MX, Tornroth-Horsefield S, Conner AC, et al. Emerging roles for dynamic aquaporin-4 subcellular relocalization in CNS water homeostasis. Brain. 2022;145(1):64\u201375.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"579_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.44278","author":"JN Norwood","year":"2019","unstructured":"Norwood JN, Zhang Q, Card D, Craine A, Ryan TM, Drew PJ. Anatomical basis and physiological role of cerebrospinal fluid transport through the murine cribriform plate. Elife. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.44278.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"579_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104558","volume":"91","author":"I Spera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Spera I, Cousin N, Ries M, Kedracka A, Castillo A, Aleandri S, et al. Open pathways for cerebrospinal fluid outflow at the cribriform plate along the olfactory nerves. EBioMedicine. 2023;91:104558.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00691-3","volume":"4","author":"T Du","year":"2024","unstructured":"Du T, Raghunandan A, Mestre H, Pla V, Liu G, Ladron-de-Guevara A, et al. Restoration of cervical lymphatic vessel function in aging rescues cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Nat Aging. 2024;4(10):1418\u201331.","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"579_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.150881","author":"Y Decker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Decker Y, Kramer J, Xin L, Muller A, Scheller A, Fassbender K, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrospinal fluid outflow after low-rate lateral ventricle infusion in mice. JCI Insight. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.150881.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"579_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-0923-6_10","volume":"113","author":"M Pollay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pollay M. Overview of the CSF dual outflow system. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2012;113:47\u201350.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-199912000-00002","volume":"19","author":"HE Killer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Killer HE, Laeng HR, Groscurth P. Lymphatic capillaries in the meninges of the human optic nerve. J Neuroophthalmol. 1999;19(4):222\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199309000-00001","volume":"9","author":"DD Sherman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sherman DD, Gonnering RS, Wallow IH, Lemke BN, Doos WG, Dortzbach RK, et al. Identification of orbital lymphatics: enzyme histochemical light microscopic and electron microscopic studies. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993;9(3):153\u201369.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6704","key":"579_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adl0544","volume":"385","author":"M Kaag Rasmussen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaag Rasmussen M, Mollgard K, Bork PAR, Weikop P, Esmail T, Drici L, et al. Trigeminal ganglion neurons are directly activated by influx of CSF solutes in a migraine model. Science. 2024;385(6704):80\u20136.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-020-00233-0","volume":"17","author":"M Brady","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brady M, Rahman A, Combs A, Venkatraman C, Kasper RT, McQuaid C, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage kinetics across the cribriform plate are reduced with aging. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2020;17(1):71.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-025-00645-w","volume":"22","author":"R Rzeplinski","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rzeplinski R, Proulx ST, Tarka S, Stepien T, Ciszek B. CSF outflow from the human spinal canal: preliminary results from an anatomical specimen-based model. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2025;22(1):32.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"45","key":"579_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2400024121","volume":"121","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li X, Wang S, Zhang D, Feng Y, Liu Y, Yu W, et al. The periaxonal space as a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid flow to peripheral organs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024;121(45):e2400024121.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-025-00679-0","volume":"22","author":"PK Eide","year":"2025","unstructured":"Eide PK, Hovd M, Pripp A, Gjertsen O, Lovland G, Lashkarivand A, et al. Altered brain fluid dynamics in spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2025;22(1):65.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"36","key":"579_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adn3259","volume":"10","author":"AP Ligocki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ligocki AP, Vinson AV, Yachnis AT, Dunn WA Jr., Smith DE, Scott EA, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid flow extends to peripheral nerves further unifying the nervous system. Sci Adv. 2024;10(36):eadn3259.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"6","key":"579_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.06.007","volume":"46","author":"J Herz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Herz J, Filiano AJ, Wiltbank AT, Yogev N, Kipnis J. Myeloid cells in the central nervous system. Immunity. 2017;46(6):943\u201356.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00382-w","volume":"12","author":"I Lepiarz-Raba","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lepiarz-Raba I, Gbadamosi I, Florea R, Paolicelli RC, Jawaid A. Metabolic regulation of microglial phagocytosis: implications for Alzheimer\u2019s disease therapeutics. Transl Neurodegener. 2023;12(1):48.","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"issue":"12","key":"579_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00707-5","volume":"4","author":"Y Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu Y, Cao K, Wang F, Wu W, Mai W, Qiu L, et al. Dual roles of hexokinase 2 in shaping microglial function by gating glycolytic flux and mitochondrial activity. Nat Metab. 2022;4(12):1756\u201374.","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02866-y","volume":"20","author":"JD Quick","year":"2023","unstructured":"Quick JD, Silva C, Wong JH, Lim KL, Reynolds R, Barron AM, et al. Lysosomal acidification dysfunction in microglia: an emerging pathogenic mechanism of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. J Neuroinflammation. 2023;20(1):185.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaf462","volume":"149","author":"J Zu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zu J, Li C, Cui M, Liu X, Pan Z, Li X, et al. Pioglitazone attenuates complement-mediated microglial synaptic engulfment in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease model. Brain. 2026;149(2):668\u201379.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"579_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13623","volume":"21","author":"ES Jung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jung ES, Suh K, Han J, Kim H, Kang HS, Choi WS, et al. Amyloid-beta activates NLRP3 inflammasomes by affecting microglial immunometabolism through the Syk-AMPK pathway. Aging Cell. 2022;21(5):e13623.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"579_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105868","volume":"165","author":"TQ Ge","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ge TQ, Guan PP, Wang P. Complement 3a induces the synapse loss via C3aR in mitochondria-dependent NLRP3 activating mechanisms during the development and progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2024;165:105868.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13682","volume":"20","author":"A Gomez-Arboledas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gomez-Arboledas A, Fonseca MI, Kramar E, Chu SH, Schartz ND, Selvan P, et al. C5aR1 signaling promotes region- and age-dependent synaptic pruning in models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2024;20(3):2173\u201390.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"579_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323409","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1323409","volume":"15","author":"S Srinivasan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Srinivasan S, Kancheva D, De Ren S, Saito T, Jans M, Boone F, et al. Inflammasome signaling is dispensable for ss-amyloid-induced neuropathology in preclinical models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1323409.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6553","key":"579_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf7844","volume":"373","author":"A Cugurra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cugurra A, Mamuladze T, Rustenhoven J, Dykstra T, Beroshvili G, Greenberg ZJ, et al. Skull and vertebral bone marrow are myeloid cell reservoirs for the meninges and CNS parenchyma. Science. 2021;373(6553):409-#x0002B;.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6301","key":"579_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag2638","volume":"353","author":"J Kipnis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kipnis J. Multifaceted interactions between adaptive immunity and the central nervous system. Science. 2016;353(6301):766\u201371.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.12.040","volume":"184","author":"J Rustenhoven","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rustenhoven J, Drieu A, Mamuladze T, de Lima KA, Dykstra T, Wall M, et al. Functional characterization of the dural sinuses as a neuroimmune interface. Cell. 2021;184(4):1000-16 e27.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"20","key":"579_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.06.045","volume":"188","author":"R Kothari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kothari R, Abdulrahim MW, Oh HJ, Capuzzi DH, Kilgore CB, Nair SK, et al. A mast cell receptor mediates post-stroke brain inflammation via a dural-brain axis. Cell. 2025;188(20):5499-515 e20.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"8008","key":"579_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07202-9","volume":"628","author":"Z Fitzpatrick","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick Z, Ghabdan Zanluqui N, Rosenblum JS, Tuong ZK, Lee CYC, Chandrashekhar V, et al. Venous-plexus-associated lymphoid hubs support meningeal humoral immunity. Nature. 2024;628(8008):612\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"579_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.583740","volume":"11","author":"F Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong F, Yin GM, Meng KF, Xu HY, Liu X, Wang QC, et al. IgT plays a predominant role in the antibacterial immunity of rainbow trout olfactory organs. Front Immunol. 2020;11:583740.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"579_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1419527","volume":"15","author":"ML Seefeld","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seefeld ML, Templeton EL, Lehtinen JM, Sinclair N, Yadav D, Hartwell BL. Harnessing the potential of the NALT and BALT as targets for immunomodulation using engineering strategies to enhance mucosal uptake. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1419527.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"579_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00972-9","volume":"24","author":"SA Wellford","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wellford SA, Moseman EA. Olfactory immunology: the missing piece in airway and CNS defence. Nat Rev Immunol. 2024;24(6):381\u201398.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-02064-9","volume":"26","author":"ML Coates","year":"2025","unstructured":"Coates ML, Richoz N, Tuong ZK, Bowyer GS, Lee CYC, Ferdinand JR, et al. Temporal profiling of human lymphoid tissues reveals coordinated defense against viral challenge. Nat Immunol. 2025;26(2):215\u201329.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"579_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.5c00698","volume":"7","author":"HR Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo HR, Wei ZD, Zhou H, Liu ZB, Yuan T, Wang T, et al. Microinvasive deployment and fate-determination of functional, engineered nanoparticles in central nervous system. ACS Mater Lett. 2025;7(6):2288\u2013309.","journal-title":"ACS Mater Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-020-00019-8","volume":"1","author":"A Sarma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarma A, Das MK. Nose to brain delivery of antiretroviral drugs in the treatment of neuroAIDS. Mol Biomed. 2020;1(1):15.","journal-title":"Mol Biomed"},{"key":"579_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ualiyeva S, Lemire E, Wong C, Perniss A, Boyd AA, Aviles EC, et al. A nasal cell atlas reveals heterogeneity of tuft cells and their role in directing olfactory stem cell proliferation. Sci Immunol. 2024;9(92):eabq4341.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abq4341"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-025-02896-1","volume":"149","author":"L Xin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xin L, Nishihara H, Madarasz A, Pleskac P, Tran L, Ivan DC, et al. Role of CSF flow and meningeal barriers in the development of inflammatory lesions at the CNS-PNS transition zone of cranial nerves in autoimmune demyelinating diseases. Acta Neuropathol. 2025;149(1):65.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"579_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345251334379","volume":"104","author":"M Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang M, Yuan M, Asam K, Gong Z, Xie T, Gleber-Netto F, et al. Perineural invasion exhibits traits of neurodegeneration. J Dent Res. 2025;104(12):1352\u201360.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"579_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rustenhoven J, Pavlou G, Storck SE, Dykstra T, Du S, Wan Z, et al. Age-related alterations in meningeal immunity drive impaired CNS lymphatic drainage. J Exp Med. 2023;220(7).","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20221929"},{"issue":"6","key":"579_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24271","volume":"76","author":"BT Kress","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kress BT, Iliff JJ, Xia M, Wang M, Wei HS, Zeppenfeld D, et al. Impairment of paravascular clearance pathways in the aging brain. Ann Neurol. 2014;76(6):845\u201361.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4370","volume":"74","author":"DM Zeppenfeld","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zeppenfeld DM, Simon M, Haswell JD, D\u2019Abreo D, Murchison C, Quinn JF, et al. Association of perivascular localization of aquaporin-4 with cognition and Alzheimer disease in aging brains. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(1):91\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"579_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030770","author":"Z Amro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amro Z, Ryan M, Collins-Praino LE, Yool AJ. Unexpected classes of aquaporin channels detected by transcriptomic analysis in human brain are associated with both patient age and Alzheimer\u2019s disease status. Biomedicines (Basel). 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11030770.","journal-title":"Biomedicines (Basel)"},{"key":"579_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Owasil R, O'Neill R, Keable A, Nimmo J, MacGregor Sharp M, Kelly L, et al. The pattern of AQP4 expression in the ageing human brain and in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(4).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041225"},{"key":"579_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.107114","volume":"216","author":"CA Stringer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stringer CA, Miyasato HKS, Camey KA, Ghadia KA, Andrews EJ, Ngo PT, et al. Regional differences in astrocytic Aquaporin-4 protein levels and distribution in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease in down syndrome. Neurobiol Dis. 2025;216:107114.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"46","key":"579_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18190","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1592-13.2013","volume":"33","author":"JJ Iliff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iliff JJ, Wang M, Zeppenfeld DM, Venkataraman A, Plog BA, Liao Y, et al. Cerebral arterial pulsation drives paravascular CSF-interstitial fluid exchange in the murine brain. J Neurosci. 2013;33(46):18190\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04136-1","volume":"79","author":"F Deffner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deffner F, Gleiser C, Mattheus U, Wagner A, Neckel PH, Fallier-Becker P, et al. Aquaporin-4 expression in the human choroid plexus. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022;79(2):90.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"7717","key":"579_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0368-8","volume":"560","author":"S Da Mesquita","year":"2018","unstructured":"Da Mesquita S, Louveau A, Vaccari A, Smirnov I, Cornelison RC, Kingsmore KM, et al. Functional aspects of meningeal lymphatics in ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature. 2018;560(7717):185\u201391.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"579_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111975","volume":"221","author":"RC Ji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ji RC. The emerging importance of lymphangiogenesis in aging and aging-associated diseases. Mech Ageing Dev. 2024;221:111975.","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00509-9","volume":"21","author":"J Jukkola","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jukkola J, Kaakinen M, Singh A, Moradi S, Ferdinando H, Myllyla T, et al. Blood pressure lowering enhances cerebrospinal fluid efflux to the systemic circulation primarily via the lymphatic vasculature. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2024;21(1):12.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-025-00528-y","volume":"14","author":"Y Feng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feng Y, Wang S, Xia H, Jiang X, Wu M, Pan S, et al. Meningeal lymphatics as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders. Transl Neurodegener. 2025;14(1):65.","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03028-4","volume":"21","author":"H Dong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dong H, Dai X, Zhou Y, Shi C, Bhuiyan P, Sun Z, et al. Enhanced meningeal lymphatic drainage ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced brain injury in aged mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2024;21(1):36.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"579_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1619196","volume":"16","author":"Y Si","year":"2025","unstructured":"Si Y, Zhang Y, Yang Q. Aging induces T cells with distinct transcriptomic profiles and functions in brain-associated tissues. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1619196.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"579_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Mesquita S, Herz J, Wall M, Dykstra T, de Lima KA, Norris GT, et al. Aging-associated deficit in CCR7 is linked to worsened glymphatic function, cognition, neuroinflammation, and beta-amyloid pathology. Sci Adv. 2021;7(21).","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe4601"},{"key":"579_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139601","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1139601","volume":"14","author":"X Su","year":"2023","unstructured":"Su X, Yang S, Li Y, Xiang Z, Tao Q, Liu S, et al. gammadelta T cells recruitment and local proliferation in brain parenchyma benefit anti-neuroinflammation after cerebral microbleeds. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1139601.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6553","key":"579_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf9277","volume":"373","author":"S Brioschi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brioschi S, Wang WL, Peng V, Wang M, Shchukina I, Greenberg ZJ, et al. Heterogeneity of meningeal B cells reveals a lymphopoietic niche at the CNS borders. Science. 2021;373(6553):408-#x0002B;","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"579_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.09.016","volume":"54","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Chen D, Xu D, Huang C, Xing R, He D, et al. Early developing B cells undergo negative selection by central nervous system-specific antigens in the meninges. Immunity. 2021;54(12):2784-94 e6.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-023-00412-9","volume":"20","author":"M Neutzner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Neutzner M, Kohler C, Frank S, Killer HE, Neutzner A. Impact of aging on meningeal gene expression. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2023;20(1):12.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"27","key":"579_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2501974122","volume":"122","author":"S Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu S, Huang L, Liu X, Zhang L, Wang J, Hu Y, et al. The transcription factor Bcl11a is essential for B-1a cell maintenance during aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025;122(27):e2501974122.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"12","key":"579_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20241255","volume":"222","author":"A Florescu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Florescu A, Zuo M, Wang AA, Champagne-Jorgensen K, Noor MA, Ward LA, et al. Dynamic alterations of dural and bone marrow B cells in an animal model of progressive multiple sclerosis. J Exp Med. 2024;222(12):e20241255.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"33","key":"579_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2425081122","volume":"122","author":"A Fruitman Davidi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fruitman Davidi A, Shirenova S, Michaelovich D, Benedetti G, Shtrasberg H, Shoval I, et al. Dural ectopic lymphatic structures accumulate during aging and exhibit dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025;122(33):e2425081122.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"579_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13353","volume":"20","author":"J Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu J, Li S, Li X, Zhao W, Duan X, Gu X, et al. Declined miR-181a-5p expression is associated with impaired natural killer cell development and function with aging. Aging Cell. 2021;20(5):e13353.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"579_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.116032","volume":"170","author":"Z Ocskay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ocskay Z, Balint L, Christ C, Kahn ML, Jakus Z. CCBE1 regulates the development and prevents the age-dependent regression of meningeal lymphatics. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024;170:116032.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"8","key":"579_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00268-y","volume":"2","author":"DH Goldman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goldman DH, Dykstra T, Smirnov I, Blackburn SM, Da Mesquita S, Kipnis J, et al. Age-associated suppression of exploratory activity during sickness is linked to meningeal lymphatic dysfunction and microglia activation. Nat Aging. 2022;2(8):704\u201313.","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200185","volume":"11","author":"J Diddens","year":"2024","unstructured":"Diddens J, Lepennetier G, Friedrich V, Schmidt M, Brand RM, Georgieva T, et al. Single-cell profiling indicates a proinflammatory role of meningeal ectopic lymphoid tissue in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2024;11(1):e200185.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"7907","key":"579_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04596-2","volume":"604","author":"T Masuda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Masuda T, Amann L, Monaco G, Sankowski R, Staszewski O, Krueger M, et al. Specification of CNS macrophage subsets occurs postnatally in defined niches. Nature. 2022;604(7907):740\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"579_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13805","volume":"22","author":"HM Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim HM, Kim S, Sim J, Ma BS, Yong I, Jo Y, et al. Glycation-mediated tissue-level remodeling of brain meningeal membrane by aging. Aging Cell. 2023;22(5):e13805.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-025-00956-5","volume":"5","author":"M Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu M, Kang X, Liu Z, Wang S, Liu S, Li C, et al. Senescent-like border-associated macrophages regulate cognitive aging via migrasome-mediated induction of paracrine senescence in microglia. Nat Aging. 2025;5(10):2039\u201354.","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgag108","volume":"5","author":"L Capurro","year":"2026","unstructured":"Capurro L, Radloff M, Gonzalez MC, Gorosito ML, Brusco LI, Ramele R, et al. Aging disrupts the temporal organization of slow oscillations beyond density reduction. PNAS Nexus. 2026;5(4):pgag108.","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"issue":"9","key":"579_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X241230188","volume":"44","author":"S Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng S, Hu Y, Chen S, Xue Y, Yao D, Sun Q, et al. Chronic sleep fragmentation impairs brain interstitial clearance in young wildtype mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2024;44(9):1515\u201331.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"579_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2510731123","volume":"123","author":"T Vayrynen","year":"2026","unstructured":"Vayrynen T, Tuunanen J, Helakari H, Elabasy A, Korhonen V, Huotari N, et al. Sleep alters neurovascular and hydrodynamic coupling in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026;123(12):e2510731123.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6465","key":"579_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax5440","volume":"366","author":"NE Fultz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fultz NE, Bonmassar G, Setsompop K, Stickgold RA, Rosen BR, Polimeni JR, et al. Coupled electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and cerebrospinal fluid oscillations in human sleep. Science. 2019;366(6465):628\u201331.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-025-01394-9","volume":"9","author":"P Dagum","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dagum P, Giovangrandi L, Levendovszky SR, Winebaum JJ, Singh T, Cho Y, et al. A wireless device for continuous measurement of brain parenchymal resistance tracks glymphatic function in humans. Nat Biomed Eng. 2025;9(10):1656\u201376.","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"7","key":"579_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689717714102","volume":"26","author":"M Galgano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Galgano M, Toshkezi G, Qiu X, Russell T, Chin L, Zhao LR. Traumatic brain injury: current treatment strategies and future endeavors. Cell Transplant. 2017;26(7):1118\u201330.","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"579_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.30","volume":"33","author":"Z Ren","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ren Z, Iliff JJ, Yang L, Yang J, Chen X, Chen MJ, et al. \u201cHit & Run\u201d model of closed-skull traumatic brain injury (TBI) reveals complex patterns of post-traumatic AQP4 dysregulation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013;33(6):834\u201345.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18113-4","volume":"11","author":"AC Bolte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bolte AC, Dutta AB, Hurt ME, Smirnov I, Kovacs MA, McKee CA, et al. Meningeal lymphatic dysfunction exacerbates traumatic brain injury pathogenesis. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):4524.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"579_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0086-2","volume":"19","author":"MV Russo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Russo MV, Latour LL, McGavern DB. Distinct myeloid cell subsets promote meningeal remodeling and vascular repair after mild traumatic brain injury. Nat Immunol. 2018;19(5):442\u201352.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"579_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.81154","author":"AC Bolte","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bolte AC, Shapiro DA, Dutta AB, Ma WF, Bruch KR, Kovacs MA, et al. The meningeal transcriptional response to traumatic brain injury and aging. Elife. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.81154.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"579_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.09.023","volume":"123","author":"E Soliman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Soliman E, Gudenschwager Basso EK, Ju J, Willison A, Theus MH. Skull bone marrow-derived immune cells infiltrate the injured cerebral cortex and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Brain Behav Immun. 2025;123:244\u201353.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"579_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715618115","volume":"115","author":"F Siracusa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siracusa F, McGrath MA, Maschmeyer P, Bardua M, Lehmann K, Heinz G, et al. Nonfollicular reactivation of bone marrow resident memory CD4 T cells in immune clusters of the bone marrow. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(6):1334\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"579_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Chen BA, Ai WQ, Brazhe N, Liu D, Zhu LQ, et al. The immunological paradox of CD4(+) T cells in traumatic brain injury (Review Article). Int J Surg. 2025.","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000003689"},{"key":"579_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1297338","volume":"15","author":"PA Flynn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Flynn PA, Long MD, Kosaka Y, Long N, Mulkey JS, Coy JL, et al. Leukemic mutation FLT3-ITD is retained in dendritic cells and disrupts their homeostasis leading to expanded Th17 frequency. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1297338.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"579_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhiqi Li JX, Xiaoyan Xu, Weiyun Li, Ruiyue Zhong, Linlin Qi, Jiehui Chen, Guizhong Cui, Shuang Wang, Yuxiao Zheng, Ying Qiu, Sheng Li, Xin Zhou, Yao Lu, Jiaying Lyu, Bin Zhou, Jiawei Zhou, Naihe Jing, Bin Wei, Jin Hu, Hongyan Wang. M-CSF, IL-6, and TGF promote generation of a new subset of tissue repair macrophage for traumatic brain injury recovery. Sci Adv. 2021;7(11):eabb6260.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abb6260"},{"issue":"5","key":"579_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.06.025","volume":"91","author":"JA Piantino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Piantino JA, Iliff JJ, Lim MM. The bidirectional link between sleep disturbances and traumatic brain injury symptoms: a role for glymphatic dysfunction? Biol Psychiatry. 2022;91(5):478\u201387.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"579_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a033118","author":"MG Erkkinen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erkkinen MG, Kim MO, Geschwind MD. Clinical neurology and epidemiology of the major neurodegenerative diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a033118.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01249-0","volume":"26","author":"H Hampel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hampel H, Hardy J, Blennow K, Chen C, Perry G, Kim SH, et al. The amyloid-beta pathway in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(10):5481\u2013503.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45656-7","volume":"15","author":"M Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang M, Yan C, Li X, Yang T, Wu S, Liu Q, et al. Non-invasive modulation of meningeal lymphatics ameliorates ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated pathology and cognition in mice. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):1453.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00618-3","volume":"18","author":"DA Formolo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Formolo DA, Yu J, Lin K, Tsang HWH, Ou H, Kranz GS, et al. Leveraging the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an updated overview of nonpharmacological therapies. Mol Neurodegener. 2023;18(1):26.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70709","volume":"21","author":"J Ding","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ding J, Zhao C, Hao X, Jiao H. Glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Alzheimers Dement. 2025;21(10):e70709.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"579_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-015-0056-1","volume":"10","author":"Z Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu Z, Xiao N, Chen Y, Huang H, Marshall C, Gao J, et al. Deletion of aquaporin-4 in APP\/PS1 mice exacerbates brain Abeta accumulation and memory deficits. Mol Neurodegener. 2015;10:58.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00688-1","volume":"12","author":"W Feng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feng W, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Xu H, Wu T, Marshall C, et al. Microglia prevent beta-amyloid plaque formation in the early stage of an Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse model with suppression of glymphatic clearance. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2020;12(1):125.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"7858","key":"579_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03489-0","volume":"593","author":"S Da Mesquita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Da Mesquita S, Papadopoulos Z, Dykstra T, Brase L, Farias FG, Wall M, et al. Meningeal lymphatics affect microglia responses and anti-Abeta immunotherapy. Nature. 2021;593(7858):255\u201360.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0731-7","volume":"26","author":"AA Mentis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mentis AA, Dardiotis E, Chrousos GP. Apolipoprotein E4 and meningeal lymphatics in Alzheimer disease: a conceptual framework. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(4):1075\u201397.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"579_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-024-00445-9","volume":"3","author":"S Antila","year":"2024","unstructured":"Antila S, Chilov D, Nurmi H, Li Z, Nasi A, Gotkiewicz M, et al. Sustained meningeal lymphatic vessel atrophy or expansion does not alter Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related amyloid pathology. Nat Cardiovasc Res. 2024;3:474\u201391.","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"579_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109574","volume":"36","author":"HC Brigas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brigas HC, Ribeiro M, Coelho JE, Gomes R, Gomez-Murcia V, Carvalho K, et al. IL-17 triggers the onset of cognitive and synaptic deficits in early stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cell Rep. 2021;36(9):109574.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"579_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01349-1","volume":"23","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Bailey JT, Xu E, Singh K, Lavaert M, Link VM, et al. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells restrict reactive oxidative damage and preserve meningeal barrier integrity and cognitive function. Nat Immunol. 2022;23(12):1714\u201325.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"579_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.11.012","volume":"108","author":"WX Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng WX, Zhang YL, Ding SX, Chen S, Wang T, Wang Z, et al. B lymphocytes ameliorate Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like neuropathology via interleukin-35. Brain Behav Immun. 2023;108:16\u201331.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"579_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang YL, Ding SX, Cao M, Zhang SY, Li Y, Wang Z, et al. Lung memory B cells ameliorate Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in 5xFAD mice through the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-025-01667-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2026.01.013","volume":"59","author":"D Chen","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chen D, Xu H. Meningeal B cells: emerging players at the brain border. Immunity. 2026;59(2):244\u201356.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02419-0","volume":"10","author":"J Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang J, Fang W, Liu H, Li R, Zhu Z, Wu X, et al. Bone marrow B lymphopoiesis accelerates early cerebral amyloid pathology. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025;10(1):312.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"579_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70952","volume":"21","author":"S Humblet-Baron","year":"2025","unstructured":"Humblet-Baron S, Feng Y, Veiga R, Neumann J, Prezzemolo T, Pasciuto E, et al. A systems immunology analysis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease reveals an age- and environmental exposure-independent disturbance in B cell maturation. Alzheimers Dement. 2025;21(11):e70952.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01530-z","volume":"11","author":"C Munoz-Castro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Munoz-Castro C, Mejias-Ortega M, Sanchez-Mejias E, Navarro V, Trujillo-Estrada L, Jimenez S, et al. Monocyte-derived cells invade brain parenchyma and amyloid plaques in human Alzheimer\u2019s disease hippocampus. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2023;11(1):31.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"579_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI152565","author":"P Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan P, Kim KW, Xiao QL, Ma XC, Czerniewski LR, Liu HY, et al. Peripheral monocyte-derived cells counter amyloid plaque pathogenesis in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Clin Invest. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI152565.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03631-z","volume":"22","author":"T Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li T, Zhang J, Song H, Zhang R, Fan F, Huang Z, et al. Border-associated macrophages: an emerging perspective from physiological basis and multi-disease roles to the mechanism of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. J Neuroinflammation. 2025;22(1):302.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"579_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awag080","author":"N Liu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Liu N, Yang Y, Kritsilis M, Swanberg KM, Liu C, Liu X, et al. Early glymphatic failure in AppNL-F knock-in mice is linked to parenchymal border macrophages loss. Brain. 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awag080.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"7936","key":"579_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05397-3","volume":"611","author":"A Drieu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Drieu A, Du S, Storck SE, Rustenhoven J, Papadopoulos Z, Dykstra T, et al. Parenchymal border macrophages regulate the flow dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid. Nature. 2022;611(7936):585\u201393.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"579_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.124.050266","volume":"56","author":"C Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li C, Li T, Hu M, Kang X, Su X, Wang S, et al. Novel perivascular macrophage mechanism to promote glymphatic Abeta clearance after stroke. Stroke. 2025;56(9):2695\u2013706.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellin.2026.100312","volume":"5","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Tu D, Dong C, Zhao H, Wang H. Lipid-associated macrophages and metabolic inflammatory diseases. Cell Insight. 2026;5(2):100312.","journal-title":"Cell Insight"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00649-w","volume":"18","author":"X Taylor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Taylor X, Clark IM, Fitzgerald GJ, Oluoch H, Hole JT, DeMattos RB, et al. Amyloid-beta (Abeta) immunotherapy induced microhemorrhages are associated with activated perivascular macrophages and peripheral monocyte recruitment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mice. Mol Neurodegener. 2023;18(1):59.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03372-8","volume":"31","author":"S Ding","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ding S, Chen S, Jin Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al. Meningeal macrophages alleviate social memory defects in an early Alzheimer\u2019s disease model. Mol Psychiatry. 2026;31(4):2162\u201377.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0261875","volume":"9","author":"R Park","year":"2025","unstructured":"Park R, Peng Y, Yslas AR, Lee E. Astrocyte-driven vasoconstriction impairs glymphatic clearance in a human tauopathy-on-chip model. APL Bioeng. 2025;9(2):026126.","journal-title":"APL Bioeng"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01439-2","volume":"16","author":"DM Lopes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lopes DM, Wells JA, Ma D, Wallis L, Park D, Llewellyn SK, et al. Glymphatic inhibition exacerbates tau propagation in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease model. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2024;16(1):71.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"579_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20211275","author":"K Ishida","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ishida K, Yamada K, Nishiyama R, Hashimoto T, Nishida I, Abe Y, et al. Glymphatic system clears extracellular tau and protects from tau aggregation and neurodegeneration. J Exp Med. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20211275.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-05911-5","volume":"7","author":"E Licastro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Licastro E, Pignataro G, Iliff JJ, Xiang Y, Lo EH, Hayakawa K, et al. Glymphatic and lymphatic communication with systemic responses during physiological and pathological conditions in the central nervous system. Commun Biol. 2024;7(1):229.","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"15","key":"579_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6053","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.100982","volume":"14","author":"J Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang J, Lv T, Jia F, Li Y, Ma W, Xiao ZP, et al. Subarachnoid hemorrhage distinctively disrupts the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems in beagles. Theranostics. 2024;14(15):6053\u201370.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71374","volume":"16","author":"F Zare","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zare F, Shakhmurova G, Rizaev J, Smerat A, Abbood RS, Patil V, et al. Sleep-dependent clearance of brain metabolites via the glymphatic system: implications for Alzheimer\u2019s pathophysiology. Brain Behav. 2026;16(4):e71374.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"579_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu X, Wei T, Zhao B, Zhou S, Liu L, Tang Y. Surrogates of glymphatic metrics decline and coupled sleep rhythms disruption in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2026;18(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-026-01962-4"},{"key":"579_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.03.066","volume":"574","author":"P Khandayataray","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khandayataray P, Murthy MK. Exploring the nexus: sleep disorders, circadian dysregulation, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuroscience. 2025;574:21\u201341.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2004.00619.x","volume":"31","author":"KA Jellinger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jellinger KA, Attems J. Alzheimer pathology in the olfactory bulb. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2005;31(2):203.","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"579_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.12.013","volume":"109","author":"NL Rey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rey NL, Wesson DW, Brundin P. The olfactory bulb as the entry site for prion-like propagation in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis. 2018;109(Pt B):226\u201348.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05225-z","volume":"81","author":"K Yamada","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yamada K, Iwatsubo T. Involvement of the glymphatic\/meningeal lymphatic system in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: insights into proteostasis and future directions. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024;81(1):192.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00530-y","volume":"21","author":"NH Mehta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mehta NH, Wang X, Keil SA, Xi K, Zhou L, Lee K, et al. [1-(11)C]-Butanol positron emission tomography reveals an impaired brain to nasal turbinates pathway in aging amyloid positive subjects. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2024;21(1):30.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21910","volume":"67","author":"SE Arnold","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arnold SE, Lee EB, Moberg PJ, Stutzbach L, Kazi H, Han LY, et al. Olfactory epithelium amyloid-beta and paired helical filament-tau pathology in Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol. 2010;67(4):462\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.02.026","volume":"513","author":"N Kameshima","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kameshima N, Nanjou T, Fukuhara T, Yanagisawa D, Tooyama I. Correlation of Abeta deposition in the nasal cavity with the formation of senile plaques in the brain of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurosci Lett. 2012;513(2):166\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01061-0","volume":"14","author":"WJ Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee WJ, Cho H, Baek MS, Kim HK, Lee JH, Ryu YH, et al. Dynamic network model reveals distinct tau spreading patterns in early- and late-onset Alzheimer disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2022;14(1):121.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4040","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad189","volume":"146","author":"DN Schoonhoven","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schoonhoven DN, Coomans EM, Millan AP, van Nifterick AM, Visser D, Ossenkoppele R, et al. Tau protein spreads through functionally connected neurons in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a combined MEG\/PET study. Brain. 2023;146(10):4040\u201354.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-025-02902-6","volume":"149","author":"M Dourte","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dourte M, Paitre E, Bouchoucha M, Boyer E, Tome SO, Doeraene E, et al. The olfactory epithelium: a critical gateway for pathological tau propagation and a target for mitigating tauopathy in the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol. 2025;149(1):64.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"579_CR250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102925","volume":"113","author":"S Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang S, Fan Z, Ji D. Advances in eye-brain axis: Anatomy, immunity, and association with visual dysfunction. Ageing Res Rev. 2025;113:102925.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"579_CR251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105875","volume":"174","author":"MA de Fisenne","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Fisenne MA, Yilmaz Z, De Decker R, Suain V, Buee L, Ando K, et al. Alzheimer PHF-tau aggregates do not spread tau pathology to the brain via the retino-tectal projection after intraocular injection in male mouse models. Neurobiol Dis. 2022;174:105875.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01149-y","volume":"9","author":"F Xia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xia F, Ha Y, Shi S, Li Y, Li S, Luisi J, et al. Early alterations of neurovascular unit in the retina in mouse models of tauopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2021;9(1):51.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"579_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang S, Wang T, Peng Y, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Chu S, et al. Parkinson's disease: pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Mol Biomed. 2026;7(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-026-00445-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-00764","volume":"21","author":"X Lian","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lian X, Liu Z, Gan Z, Yan Q, Tong L, Qiu L, et al. Targeting the glymphatic system to promote alpha-synuclein clearance: a novel therapeutic strategy for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neural Regen Res. 2026;21(1):233\u201347.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"579_CR255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-019-0147-y","volume":"8","author":"W Zou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zou W, Pu T, Feng W, Lu M, Zheng Y, Du R, et al. Blocking meningeal lymphatic drainage aggravates Parkinson\u2019s disease-like pathology in mice overexpressing mutated alpha-synuclein. Transl Neurodegener. 2019;8:7.","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"579_CR256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2023.105767","volume":"114","author":"YJ Bae","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bae YJ, Kim JM, Choi BS, Choi JH, Ryoo N, Song YS, et al. Glymphatic function assessment in Parkinson\u2019s disease using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2023;114:105767.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"579_CR257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hablitz LM, Vinitsky HS, Sun Q, Staeger FF, Sigurdsson B, Mortensen KN, et al. Increased glymphatic influx is correlated with high EEG delta power and low heart rate in mice under anesthesia. Sci Adv. 2019;5(2):eaav5447.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav5447"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-01198-1","volume":"27","author":"XB Ding","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ding XB, Wang XX, Xia DH, Liu H, Tian HY, Fu Y, et al. Impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage in patients with idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Med. 2021;27(3):411\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"579_CR259","first-page":"0030","volume":"6","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu J, Gao D, Hu D, Lan S, Liu Y, Zheng H, et al. Delivery of biomimetic liposomes via meningeal lymphatic vessels route for targeted therapy of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Research (Wash D C). 2023;6:0030.","journal-title":"Research (Wash D C)"},{"issue":"5","key":"579_CR260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-017-0170-x","volume":"33","author":"ME Fullard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fullard ME, Morley JF, Duda JE. Olfactory dysfunction as an early biomarker in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurosci Bull. 2017;33(5):515\u201325.","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26892","volume":"51","author":"T Taoka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taoka T, Naganawa S. Glymphatic imaging using MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2020;51(1):11\u201324.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25670","volume":"87","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Cai J, Zhang W, Gong X, Yan S, Zhang K, et al. Impairment of the glymphatic pathway and putative meningeal lymphatic vessels in the aging human. Ann Neurol. 2020;87(3):357\u201369.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"579_CR263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2024.09.006","volume":"81","author":"Y Fang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fang Y, Sun Y, Lai T, Song X, Hu T, Zhao Y, et al. Comparative study of 3D-T2WI vs. 3D-T2-FLAIR MRI in displaying human meningeal lymphatics vessels. Clin Radiol. 2025;81:106700.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05141-2","volume":"81","author":"G Ringstad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ringstad G, Eide PK. Glymphatic-lymphatic coupling: assessment of the evidence from magnetic resonance imaging of humans. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024;81(1):131.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.rev.2023-0175","volume":"23","author":"T Taoka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taoka T, Ito R, Nakamichi R, Nakane T, Kawai H, Naganawa S. Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS): revisiting the meaning and significance of the method. Magn Reson Med Sci. 2024;23(3):268\u201390.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci"},{"key":"579_CR266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59050917","author":"T Shulyatnikova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shulyatnikova T, Hayden MR. Why are perivascular spaces important? Medicina (Kaunas). 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59050917.","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0312-z","volume":"16","author":"JM Wardlaw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wardlaw JM, Benveniste H, Nedergaard M, Zlokovic BV, Mestre H, Lee H, et al. Perivascular spaces in the brain: anatomy, physiology and pathology. Nat Rev Neurol. 2020;16(3):137\u201353.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00572-2","volume":"21","author":"AM Wright","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wright AM, Wu YC, Yang HC, Risacher SL, Saykin AJ, Tong Y, et al. Coupled pulsatile vascular and paravascular fluid dynamics in the human brain. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2024;21(1):71.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"579_CR269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2024.120653","volume":"297","author":"G Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han G, Jiao B, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Liang C, Li Y, et al. Arterial pulsation dependence of perivascular cerebrospinal fluid flow measured by dynamic diffusion tensor imaging in the human brain. Neuroimage. 2024;297:120653.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-023-00463-y","volume":"20","author":"HW Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim HW, Yong H, Shea GKH. Blood-spinal cord barrier disruption in degenerative cervical myelopathy. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2023;20(1):68.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-06384-2","volume":"44","author":"D Renard","year":"2023","unstructured":"Renard D, Castelnovo G, Hackius M. Unilateral subcortical extensive dilated perivascular spaces associated with superior sagittal sinus perivenous dilated spaces. Neurol Sci. 2023;44(1):405\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-025-10298-y","volume":"19","author":"Z He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He Z, Sun J. Clearance mechanisms of the glymphatic\/lymphatic system in the brain: new therapeutic perspectives for cognitive impairment. Cogn Neurodyn. 2025;19(1):111.","journal-title":"Cogn Neurodyn"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00318-y","volume":"19","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Y, Rusinek H, Butler T, Glodzik L, Pirraglia E, Babich J, et al. Decreased CSF clearance and increased brain amyloid in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2022;19(1):21.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-025-01392-x","volume":"9","author":"J Dai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dai J, Wei W, Yan C, Ji DK, Liu C, Huang J, et al. Multiplex imaging of amyloid-beta plaques dynamics in living brains with quinoline-malononitrile-based probes. Nat Biomed Eng. 2025;9(10):1632\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4899","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03081-2","volume":"30","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Y, Liao W, Wang L, Li J, Huang D, Cheng W, et al. Advance and prospect of positron emission tomography in Alzheimer\u2019s disease research. Mol Psychiatry. 2025;30(10):4899\u2013909.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-025-01339-y","volume":"16","author":"H Xue","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xue H, Bi S, Chen Z, He Y, Xu W, Xu X, et al. Glymphatic system dysfunction mediates amyloid deposition and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a PET\/MRI multimodality imaging study. EJNMMI Res. 2025;16(1):2.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res"},{"key":"579_CR277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt EL, Ou ZH, Ximendes E, Cui H, Keck CHC, Jaque D, et al. Near-infrared II fluorescence imaging. Nat Rev Methods Primers. 2024;4(1).","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-024-00301-x"},{"issue":"39","key":"579_CR278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34830","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c10519","volume":"19","author":"X Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun X, Fang D, Zhang X, Zhu H, Sun Y, Liu G, et al. Engineering near-infrared-II nanoprobes reveal dexmedetomidine potentiating brain waste clearance in healthy and sleep-restricted mice. ACS Nano. 2025;19(39):34830\u201346.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"6","key":"579_CR279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.02.002","volume":"3","author":"SP Yoon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoon SP, Grewal DS, Thompson AC, Polascik BW, Dunn C, Burke JR, et al. Retinal microvascular and neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment compared with control participants. Ophthalmol Retina. 2019;3(6):489\u201399.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-024-01060-8","volume":"22","author":"EY Chew","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chew EY, Burns SA, Abraham AG, Bakhoum MF, Beckman JA, Chui TYP, et al. Standardization and clinical applications of retinal imaging biomarkers for cardiovascular disease: a roadmap from an NHLBI workshop. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2025;22(1):47\u201363.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-025-00710-4","volume":"22","author":"X Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou X, Del Barrio G, Cervera S, Sun Y, Li Y, Li W, et al. Imaging the distribution and drainage of fluid in the human olfactory regions using intravenous Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) enhanced MRI. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2025;22(1):101.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000001220","volume":"61","author":"H Urbach","year":"2026","unstructured":"Urbach H, Kavus M, Lutzen N, Zander C, Demerath T, Rau A, et al. Different glymphatic-lymphatic coupling in the nasal mucosa and parasagittal dura. Invest Radiol. 2026;61(4):234\u201340.","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"579_CR283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0223-4","volume":"20","author":"AR Adamantidis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adamantidis AR, Gutierrez Herrera C, Gent TC. Oscillating circuitries in the sleeping brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2019;20(12):746\u201362.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"6567","key":"579_CR284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi8375","volume":"374","author":"LD Lewis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lewis LD. The interconnected causes and consequences of sleep in the brain. Science. 2021;374(6567):564\u20138.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"579_CR285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2025.03.023","volume":"70","author":"T Wei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei T, Zhou J, Wang Z, Liu X, Mi Y, Zhao Y, et al. Coupled sleep rhythm disruption predicts cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Sci Bull. 2025;70(9):1491\u2013503.","journal-title":"Sci Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10014","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64989-5","volume":"16","author":"Q Zou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zou Q, Zou G, Wang S, Wang Y, Xu J, Long Y, et al. Cortical hierarchy underlying homeostatic sleep pressure alleviation. Nat Commun. 2025;16(1):10014.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"26","key":"579_CR287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.11.033","volume":"188","author":"JP Courade","year":"2025","unstructured":"Courade JP, Zetterberg H, Hoglinger GU, Dewachter I. The evolving landscape of Alzheimer\u2019s disease therapy: From Abeta to tau. Cell. 2025;188(26):7337\u201354.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"11","key":"579_CR288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab223","volume":"144","author":"JB Pereira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pereira JB, Janelidze S, Smith R, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Palmqvist S, Teunissen CE, et al. Plasma GFAP is an early marker of amyloid-beta but not tau pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain. 2021;144(11):3505\u201316.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"579_CR289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-320106","volume":"90","author":"L Gaetani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gaetani L, Blennow K, Calabresi P, Di Filippo M, Parnetti L, Zetterberg H. Neurofilament light chain as a biomarker in neurological disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2019;90(8):870\u201381.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"579_CR290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12134","volume":"324","author":"S Palmqvist","year":"2020","unstructured":"Palmqvist S, Janelidze S, Quiroz YT, Zetterberg H, Lopera F, Stomrud E, et al. Discriminative accuracy of plasma phospho-tau217 for Alzheimer disease vs other neurodegenerative disorders. JAMA. 2020;324(8):772\u201381.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"579_CR291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.007","volume":"97","author":"A Chandra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chandra A, Farrell C, Wilson H, Dervenoulas G, De Natale ER, Politis M. Aquaporin-4 polymorphisms predict amyloid burden and clinical outcome in the Alzheimer\u2019s disease spectrum. Neurobiol Aging. 2021;97:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-01139-0","volume":"11","author":"J Qin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qin J, Fang Y, Duanmu X, Wen J, Wu H, Wu C, et al. The effects of aquaporin-4 polymorphisms on glymphatic function and motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2025;11(1):288.","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"579_CR293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X251333933","volume":"45","author":"ZM Hein","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hein ZM, Che Mohd Nassir CMN, Che Ramli MD, Jaffer U, Mehat MZ, Mustapha M, et al. Cerebral small vessel disease: the impact of glymphopathy and sleep disorders. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2025;45(8):1446\u201368.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"579_CR294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9050471","author":"S Cha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cha S, Seo EH, Lee SH, Kim KS, Oh CS, Moon JS, et al. MicroRNA expression in extracellular vesicles from nasal lavage fluid in chronic rhinosinusitis. Biomedicines. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines9050471.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"41","key":"579_CR295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2509626122","volume":"122","author":"M Uji","year":"2025","unstructured":"Uji M, Li X, Saotome A, Katsumata R, Waggoner RA, Suzuki C, et al. Human deep sleep facilitates cerebrospinal fluid dynamics linked to spontaneous brain oscillations and neural events. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025;122(41):e2509626122.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"579_CR296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01327-2","volume":"26","author":"S Holstein-Ronsbo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Holstein-Ronsbo S, Gan Y, Giannetto MJ, Rasmussen MK, Sigurdsson B, Beinlich FRM, et al. Glymphatic influx and clearance are accelerated by neurovascular coupling. Nat Neurosci. 2023;26(6):1042\u201353.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"579_CR297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawalec-Rutkowska AM, Czaja J, Skula M, Simka M. Blood flow in the internal jugular veins in the lateral decubitus body position in the healthy people. J Clin Med. 2025;14(4).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041211"},{"issue":"31","key":"579_CR298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11034","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1625-15.2015","volume":"35","author":"H Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee H, Xie L, Yu M, Kang H, Feng T, Deane R, et al. The effect of body posture on brain glymphatic transport. J Neurosci. 2015;35(31):11034\u201344.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.06.009","volume":"51","author":"H Xiao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiao H, Sreejith A, Howson I, Cruz AA, Key T, Iliff JJ, et al. Focused ultrasound enhances glymphatic transport robustly across anesthesia levels. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2025;51(10):1701\u20139.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"17","key":"579_CR300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.08.760","volume":"80","author":"HM Salah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salah HM, Goldberg LR, Molinger J, Felker GM, Applefeld W, Rassaf T, et al. Diaphragmatic function in cardiovascular disease: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80(17):1647\u201359.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6131.146063","volume":"8","author":"MG Aggithaya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aggithaya MG, Narahari SR, Ryan TJ. Yoga for correction of lymphedema\u2019s impairment of gait as an adjunct to lymphatic drainage: A pilot observational study. Int J Yoga. 2015;8(1):54\u201361.","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58726-1","volume":"16","author":"RE Yoo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yoo RE, Kim JH, Moon HY, Park JY, Cheon S, Shin HS, et al. Long-term physical exercise facilitates putative glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic vessel flow in humans. Nat Commun. 2025;16(1):3360.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-025-00497-2","volume":"14","author":"Y Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen Y, Cai J, She Y, He X, Feng H, Li X, et al. Long-term exercise enhances meningeal lymphatic vessel plasticity and drainage in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Transl Neurodegener. 2025;14(1):37.","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"issue":"9","key":"579_CR304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.335169","volume":"17","author":"Y Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Y, Hu PP, Zhai S, Feng WX, Zhang R, Li Q, et al. Aquaporin 4 deficiency eliminates the beneficial effects of voluntary exercise in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neural Regen Res. 2022;17(9):2079\u201388.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"8002","key":"579_CR305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07132-6","volume":"627","author":"MH Murdock","year":"2024","unstructured":"Murdock MH, Yang CY, Sun N, Pao PC, Blanco-Duque C, Kahn MC, et al. Multisensory gamma stimulation promotes glymphatic clearance of amyloid. Nature. 2024;627(8002):149\u201356.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07318-3","volume":"9","author":"H Mestre","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mestre H, Tithof J, Du T, Song W, Peng W, Sweeney AM, et al. Flow of cerebrospinal fluid is driven by arterial pulsations and is reduced in hypertension. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):4878.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.76133","volume":"13","author":"Y Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu Y, Zhang T, Li X, Wei Y, Li X, Wang S, et al. Borneol-driven meningeal lymphatic drainage clears amyloid-beta peptide to attenuate Alzheimer-like phenotype in mice. Theranostics. 2023;13(1):106\u201324.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.24.266","volume":"29","author":"S Choi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Choi S, Baek IS, Lee K, Kim SK. Low-frequency auricular vagus nerve stimulation facilitates cerebrospinal fluid influx by promoting vasomotion. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2025;29(1):109\u201316.","journal-title":"Korean J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"21","key":"579_CR309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2212933120","volume":"120","author":"D Ye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ye D, Chen S, Liu Y, Weixel C, Hu Z, Yuan J, et al. Mechanically manipulating glymphatic transport by ultrasound combined with microbubbles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023;120(21):e2212933120.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"7","key":"579_CR310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4211","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000002490","volume":"111","author":"JY Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen JY, Zhao DW, Yin Y, Gui L, Chen X, Wang XM, et al. Deep cervical lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: microsurgical procedure in a prospective cohort study. Int J Surg. 2025;111(7):4211\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"}],"container-title":["Translational Neurodegeneration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40035-026-00579-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40035-026-00579-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40035-026-00579-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:03:27Z","timestamp":1788271407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40035-026-00579-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":310,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-026-00579-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"44"}}