{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:38:19Z","timestamp":1773031099336,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]],"date-time":"2017-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24247045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24247045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K14822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K14822"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Physiol Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s40101-017-0157-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]],"date-time":"2017-12-04T14:57:12Z","timestamp":1512399432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cathodal transcranial direct-current stimulation over right posterior parietal cortex enhances human temporal discrimination ability"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Fuyuki","family":"Oyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Ishibashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Iwanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"157_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00422.2005","volume":"95","author":"H Merchant","year":"2006","unstructured":"Merchant H, Georgopoulos AP. Neurophysiology of perceptual and motor aspects of interception. J Neurophysiol. 2006;95:1\u201313.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"157_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.55.090902.142028","volume":"55","author":"RL Diehl","year":"2004","unstructured":"Diehl RL, Lotto AJ, Holt LL. Speech perception. Annu Rev Psychol. 2004;55:149\u201379.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"157_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110922","volume":"308","author":"J Phillips-Silver","year":"2005","unstructured":"Phillips-Silver J, Trainor LJ. Feeling the beat: movement influences infant rhythm perception. Science. 2005;308:1430.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"157_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1081","volume":"6","author":"P Janata","year":"2003","unstructured":"Janata P, Grafton ST. Swinging in the brain: shared neural substrates for behaviors related to sequencing and music. Nat Neurosci. 2003;6:682\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"157_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062012-170349","volume":"36","author":"H Merchant","year":"2013","unstructured":"Merchant H, Harrington DL, Meck WH. Neural basis of the perception and estimation of time. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2013;36:313\u201336.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"157_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280502","volume":"28","author":"M-M Mesulam","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mesulam M-M. Large-scale neurocognitive networks and distributed processing for attention, language, and memory. Ann Neurol. 1990;28:597\u2013613.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"157_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1764","volume":"6","author":"CV Buhusi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buhusi CV, Meck WH. What makes us tick? Functional and neural mechanisms of interval timing. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005;6:755\u201365.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"157_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.07.006","volume":"10","author":"PA Lewis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lewis PA, Miall RC. Remembering the time: a continuous clock. Trends Cogn Sci. 2006;10:401\u20136.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"157_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1709","volume":"9","author":"C Mevorach","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mevorach C, Humphreys GW, Shalev L. Opposite biases in salience-based selection for the left and right posterior parietal cortex. Nat Neurosci. 2006;9:740\u20132.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"157_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn070","volume":"19","author":"J Hodsoll","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hodsoll J, Mevorach C, Humphreys GW. Driven to less distraction: rTMS of the right parietal cortex reduces attentional capture in visual search. Cereb Cortex. 2009;19:106\u201314.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"157_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7426","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-18-07426.1998","volume":"18","author":"JT Coull","year":"1998","unstructured":"Coull JT, Nobre AC. Where and when to pay attention: the neural systems for directing attention to spatial locations and to time intervals as revealed by both PET and fMRI. J Neurosci. 1998;18:7426\u201335.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"157_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6620","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5864-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"R Kanai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kanai R, Dong MY, Bahrami B, Rees G. Distractibility in daily life is reflected in the structure and function of human parietal cortex. J Neurosci. 2011;31:6620\u20136.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"157_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2011.02.021","volume":"87","author":"M Schwartze","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schwartze M, Rothermich K, Schmidt-Kassow M, Kotz SA. Temporal regularity effects on pre-attentive and attentive processing of deviance. Biol Psychol. 2011;87:146\u201351.","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"157_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.09.064","volume":"49","author":"M Wiener","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wiener M, Turkeltaub P, Coslett HB. The image of time: a voxel-wise meta-analysis. NeuroImage. 2010;49:1728\u201340.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"157_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00580","volume":"26","author":"MJ Hayashi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hayashi MJ, Kantele M, Walsh V, Carlson S, Kanai R. Dissociable neuroanatomical correlates of subsecond and suprasecond time perception. J Cogn Neurosci. 2014;26:1685\u201393.","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"157_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.20060","volume":"20","author":"D Bueti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bueti D, Bahrami B, Walsh V. Sensory and association cortex in time perception. J Cogn Neurosci. 2008;20:1054\u201362.","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"157_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.03.042","volume":"46","author":"M Oliveri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oliveri M, Koch G, Salerno S, Torriero S, Lo Gerfo E, Caltagirone C. Representation of time intervals in the right posterior parietal cortex: implications for a mental time line. NeuroImage. 2009;46:1173\u20139.","journal-title":"NeuroImage."},{"key":"157_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00185-5","volume":"38","author":"MI Leon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Leon MI, Shadlen MN. Representation of time by neurons in the posterior parietal cortex of the macaque. Neuron. 2003;38:317\u201327.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"157_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2008.08.004","volume":"18","author":"L Battelli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Battelli L, Walsh V, Pascual-Leone A, Cavanagh P. The \u2018when\u2019 parietal pathway explored by lesion studies. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2008;18:120\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol."},{"key":"157_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010213-115117","volume":"65","author":"MJ Allman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Allman MJ, Teki S, Griffiths TD, Meck WH. Properties of the internal clock: first- and second-order principles of subjective time. Annu Rev Psychol. 2014;65:743\u201371.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"157_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.10.1899","volume":"57","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nitsche MA, Paulus W. Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans. Neurology. 2001;57:1899\u2013901.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"157_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.049916","volume":"553","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nitsche MA, Fricke K, Henschke U, Schlitterlau A, Liebetanz D, Lang N, et al. Pharmacological modulation of cortical excitability shifts induced by transcranial direct current stimulation in humans. J Physiol Lond. 2003;553:293\u2013301.","journal-title":"J Physiol Lond"},{"key":"157_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858410386614","volume":"17","author":"CJ Stagg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stagg CJ, Nitsche MA. Physiological basis of transcranial direct current stimulation. Neuroscientist. 2011;17:37\u201353.","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"157_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1964.sp007425","volume":"172","author":"LJ Bindman","year":"1964","unstructured":"Bindman LJ, Lippold OCJ, Redfearn JWT. The action of brief polarizing currents on the cerebral cortex of the rat (1) during current flow and (2) in the production of long-lasting after-effects. J Physiol Lond. 1964;172:369\u201382.","journal-title":"J Physiol Lond"},{"key":"157_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1965.28.1.166","volume":"28","author":"DP Purpura","year":"1965","unstructured":"Purpura DP, McMurtry JG. Intracellular activities and evoked potential changes during polarization of motor cortex. J Neurophysiol. 1965;28:166\u201385.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"157_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00248","volume":"24","author":"M Weiss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weiss M, Lavidor M. When less is more: evidence for a facilitative cathodal tDCS effect in attentional abilities. J Cogn Neurosci. 2012;24:1826\u201333.","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"157_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berryhill ME, Peterson DJ, Jones KT, Stephens JA. Hits and misses: leveraging tDCS to advance cognitive research. Front Psychol. 2014;5:800. doi:\n                    10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00800\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00800"},{"key":"157_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.08.032","volume":"316","author":"J Focke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Focke J, Kemmet S, Krause V, Keitel A, Pollok B. Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the left premotor cortex (PMC) stabilizes a newly learned motor sequence. Behav Brain Res. 2017;316:87\u201393.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"157_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.04.041","volume":"245","author":"CM Vicario","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vicario CM, Martino D, Koch G. Temporal accuracy and variability in the left and right posterior parietal cortex. Neuroscience. 2013;245:121\u20138.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"157_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","volume":"9","author":"RC Oldfield","year":"1971","unstructured":"Oldfield RC. The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia. 1971;9:97\u2013113.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"157_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.01.010","volume":"118","author":"JE Dundas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dundas JE, Thickbroom GW, Mastaglia FL. Perception of comfort during transcranial DC stimulation: effect of NaCl solution concentration applied to sponge electrodes. Clin Neurophysiol. 2007;118:1166\u201370.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"157_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BRAT.0000006333.93597.9d","volume":"16","author":"U Herwig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Herwig U, Satrapi P, Sch\u00f6nfeldt-Lecuona C. Using the International 10-20 EEG System for positioning of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Topogr. 2003;16:95\u20139.","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"157_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.05.003","volume":"58","author":"LJ Romero Lauro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Romero Lauro LJ, Rosanova M, Mattavelli G, Convento S, Pisoni A, Opitz A, et al. TDCS increases cortical excitability: direct evidence from TMS\u2013EEG. Cortex. 2014;58:99\u2013111.","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"157_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05896.x","volume":"26","author":"A Antal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Antal A, Terney D, Poreisz C, Paulus W. Towards unravelling task-related modulations of neuroplastic changes induced in the human motor cortex. Eur J Neurosci. 2007;26:2687\u201391.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"157_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.06.018","volume":"58","author":"X Zheng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zheng X, Alsop DC, Schlaug G. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on human regional cerebral blood flow. NeuroImage. 2011;58:26\u201333.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"157_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2011.557292","volume":"21","author":"W Paulus","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paulus W. Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES\u2013tDCS; tRNS, tACS) methods. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2011;21:602\u201317.","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"key":"157_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","volume":"527","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nitsche MA, Paulus W. Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. J Physiol Lond. 2000;527:633\u20139.","journal-title":"J Physiol Lond"},{"key":"157_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2577-3","volume":"209","author":"R Kanai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kanai R, Lloyd H, Bueti D, Walsh V. Modality-independent role of the primary auditory cortex in time estimation. Exp Brain Res. 2011;209:465\u201371.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"157_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12423","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5146-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"P Salvioni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salvioni P, Murray MM, Kalmbach L, Bueti D. How the visual brain encodes and keeps track of time. J Neurosci. 2013;33:12423\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"157_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.07.019","volume":"75","author":"D Bueti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bueti D, Lasaponara S, Cercignani M, Macaluso E. Learning about time: plastic changes and interindividual brain differences. Neuron. 2012;75:725\u201337.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"157_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-04-01559.1998","volume":"18","author":"SS Nagarajan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nagarajan SS, Blake DT, Wright BA, Byl N, Merzenich MM. Practice-related improvements in somatosensory interval discrimination are temporally specific but generalize across skin location, hemisphere, and modality. J Neurosci. 1998;18:1559\u201370.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"157_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3956","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-10-03956.1997","volume":"17","author":"BA Wright","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wright BA, Buonomano DV, Mahncke HW, Merzenich MM. Learning and generalization of auditory temporal\u2013interval discrimination in humans. J Neurosci. 1997;17:3956\u201363.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"157_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.3.310","volume":"61","author":"R Gueorguieva","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gueorguieva R, Krystal JH. Move over ANOVA: progress in analyzing repeated-measures data and its reflection in papers published in the Archives of General Psychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61:310\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"157_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.06.053","volume":"1349","author":"N Bolognini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bolognini N, Fregni F, Casati C, Olgiati E, Vallar G. Brain polarization of parietal cortex augments training-induced improvement of visual exploratory and attentional skills. Brain Res. 2010;1349:76\u201389.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"157_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00434-R","volume":"684","author":"N Islam","year":"1995","unstructured":"Islam N, Aftabuddin M, Moriwaki A, Hattori Y, Hori Y. Increase in the calcium level following anodal polarization in the rat brain. Brain Res. 1995;684:206\u20138.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"157_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf238","volume":"125","author":"D Liebetanz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Liebetanz D, Nitsche MA, Tergau F, Paulus W. Pharmacological approach to the mechanisms of transcranial DC-stimulation-induced after-effects of human motor cortex excitability. Brain. 2002;125:2238\u201347.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"157_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-424X(09)70230-2","volume":"56","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nitsche MA, Liebetanz D, Antal A, Lang N, Tergau F, Paulus W. Modulation of cortical excitability by weak direct current stimulation\u2013\u2013technical, safety and functional aspects. Suppl Clin Neurophysiol. 2003;56:255\u201376.","journal-title":"Suppl Clin Neurophysiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Physiological Anthropology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40101-017-0157-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40101-017-0157-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40101-017-0157-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T14:22:19Z","timestamp":1589552539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jphysiolanthropol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40101-017-0157-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40101-017-0157-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1880-6805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1880-6805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 July 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The experimental procedures used in this study were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Engineering of Chiba University (receipt no. 26-29). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their beginning of the experiment.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Personal information was removed from the data so that an individual person cannot be identified by the published data. All participants consented to publication of the data that have no personal information.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"41"}}