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Thus, this study investigated the effects of ice slurry ingestion before and between innings on body temperature and softball pitching performance in a hot environment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In a randomized crossover design, seven heat-acclimatized amateur softball pitchers (four males and three females) completed simulated softball games consisting of 15 best-effort pitches per inning for seven innings with between-pitch rest intervals of 20\u00a0s. Participants were assigned to either a control trial (CON: ingestion of 5.0\u00a0g\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> of cool fluid [9.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2\u00a0\u00b0C] before simulated softball games and 1.25\u00a0g\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> of cool fluid between inning intervals) or an ice trial (ICE: ingestion of ice slurry [\u2212\u20091.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u00a0\u00b0C] based on the same timings and doses as the CON). Participants performed both trials in an outdoor ground during the summer season (30.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7\u00a0\u00b0C, 57.0\u2009\u00b1\u20097.9% relative humidity).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ice slurry ingestion before the simulated softball game (pre-cooling) resulted in a greater reduction in rectal temperature compared with cool fluid ingestion (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.68). No significant differences were observed between the trials in rectal temperature changes during the simulated softball game (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Compared to the CON, heart rate during the game\u00a0was significantly decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.43), and handgrip strength during the game\u00a0was significantly increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.16) in the ICE. Ratings of perceived exertion, thermal comfort, and thermal sensation were improved in the ICE compared to those in the CON (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Ball velocity and pitching accuracy were not affected by ICE.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ice slurry ingestion before and between innings reduced thermal, cardiovascular, and perceptual strain. However, it did not affect softball pitching performance compared to cool fluid ingestion.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40101-023-00329-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T07:02:23Z","timestamp":1688022143000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effects of ice slurry ingestion on body temperature and softball pitching performance in a hot environment: a randomized crossover trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Urara","family":"Numata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7063-010X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuma","family":"Yanaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiho","family":"Kurosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"329_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515588179","volume":"43","author":"JS Corben","year":"2015","unstructured":"Corben JS, Cerrone SA, Soviero JE, Kwiecien SY, Nicholas SJ, McHugh MP. 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