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The molecular structure of ZEA resembles that of the mammalian hormone 17\u03b2-oestradiol, thus zearalenone and its metabolites are known to compete with endogenous hormones for estrogen receptors binding sites and to activate transcription of oestrogen-responsive genes. However, the effect of long-term low-dose ZEA exposure on the reproductive response to <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> ANSB01G culture for first-parity gilts has not yet been investigated. This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of ZEA as an estrogen receptor selective modulator and the alleviating effects of <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> ANSB01G cultures as ZEA biodegraders in pregnant sows during their first parity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 80 first-parity gilts (Yorkshire \u00d7 Landrace) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments during gestation: CO (positive control); MO (negative control, 246\u2009\u03bcg ZEA\/kg diet); COA (CO\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> ANSB01G culture with 2\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2009CFU\/kg diet); MOA (MO\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> ANSB01G culture with 2\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2009CFU\/kg diet). There were 20 replications per treatment with one gilt per replicate. Feeding low-dose ZEA naturally contaminated diets disordered most of reproductive hormones secretion and affected estrogen receptor-\u03b1 and estrogen receptor-\u03b2 concentrations in serum and specific organs and led to moderate histopathological changes of gilts, but did not cause significant detrimental effects on reproductive performance. The addition of <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> ANSB01G culture to the diet can effectively relieve the competence of ZEA to estrogen receptor and the disturbance of reproductive hormones secretion, and then ameliorate toxicosis of ZEA in gilts.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Collectively, our study investigated the effects of feeding low-dose ZEA on reproduction in pregnant sows during their first parity. Feeding low-dose ZEA could modulate estrogen receptor-\u03b1 and -\u03b2 concentrations in specific organs, cause disturbance of reproductive hormones and vulva swelling, and damage organ histopathology and up-regulate apoptosis in sow models. Diet with <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> ANSB01G alleviated negative effects of the ZEA on gilts to some extent.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-022-00686-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T00:02:41Z","timestamp":1649203361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Zearalenone toxicosis on reproduction as estrogen receptor selective modulator and alleviation of zearalenone biodegradative agent in pregnant sows"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jianchuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingxiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Ao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanpei","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7260-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiugang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"686_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins6031080","volume":"6","author":"IM Hueza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hueza IM, Raspantini PC, Raspantini LE, Latorre AO, G\u00f3rniak SL. 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