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Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (CON, and ST), 100 (ACL) and 400 (ACH) mg\/kg of AC for d 60, and orally challenged with PBS (CON) or 10\n                      <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009CFU\/bird (ST, ACL, ACH)\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      Typhimurium at d 14 and 16.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      (1) Compared with birds in ST, AC supplementation increased the body weight (BW) at d 18 and the average daily gain (ADG) from d 1 to 18 of the\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      -infected chickens (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u00a00.05); (2) AC decreased the number of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      cells in the liver and spleen, the contents of NO in plasma and inflammatory cytokines in ileal mucosa of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      -infected chickens (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u00a00.05); (3)\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection decreased the ileal villi height, villi height to crypt depth (V\/C), and the expression of zonulaoccludins-1 (\n                      <jats:italic>ZO<\/jats:italic>\n                      -1), claudin-1, occludin, and mucin 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>MUC<\/jats:italic>\n                      2) in ileal mucosa. AC supplementation relieved these adverse effects, and decreased ileal crypt depth (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt; 0.05); (4) In cecal microbiota of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      -infected chickens, AC increased (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u00a00.05) the alpha-diversity (Chao1, Pd, Shannon and Sobs indexes) and the relative abundance of Firmicutes, and decreased (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt; 0.05) the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota and the enrichment of drug antimicrobial resistance, infectious bacterial disease, and immune disease pathways.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dietary AC protected chicken against\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection via inhibiting the\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonization in liver and spleen, suppressing secretion of inflammatory cytokines, up-regulating the expression of ileal barrier-related genes, and ameliorating the composition and function of cecal microbes. Under conditions here used, 100\u2009mg\/kg bilberry anthocyanin was recommended.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-022-00799-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T18:06:53Z","timestamp":1674238013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Dietary supplementation of bilberry anthocyanin on growth performance, intestinal mucosal barrier and cecal microbes of chickens challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinling","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuli","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiajing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyong","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9251-306X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shouqun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"799_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey560","volume":"98","author":"MA Dar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dar MA, Urwat U, Ahmad SM, Ahmad R, Kashoo ZA, Dar TA, et al. 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