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A total of 288\u00a01-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2\u2009\u00d7\u20092 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of dietary MCE supplementation (0 or 350\u00a0mg\/kg of diet) and two disease challenge statuses (control or NE).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results revealed that NE significantly increased the feed conversion rate (FCR), mortality, intestinal lesion score, the levels of IL-1\u03b2, IL-17 and IFN-\u03b3\/IL-4 in serum and IL-17\/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa, mRNA levels of\n                      <jats:italic>TLR2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>IFN-\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>pIgR<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the jejunum, and\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n                      concentrations in the cecum. NE significantly decreased the body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), jejunal villus height, V\/C, mRNA level of\n                      <jats:italic>AMPK-\u03b11<\/jats:italic>\n                      in jejunum, IL-4 level in the jejunal mucosa and lactic acid bacteria abundance in the cecum. MCE significantly increased BW, BWG, jejunal villus height, V\/C, mRNA levels of\n                      <jats:italic>occludin<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>ZO-1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>AMPK-\u03b11<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the jejunum, the levels of IgA and IgG in serum and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa and mRNA levels of\n                      <jats:italic>NF-\u03baB<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>IL-10<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>MHC-II<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the jejunum. Additionally, MCE significantly decreased the FCR, mortality, intestinal lesion score, jejunal crypt depth, the levels of IFN-\u03b3 and IL-17 in serum and IL-17\/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n                      concentrations in the cecum, and mRNA levels of\n                      <jats:italic>IL-17\/IL-10<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the jejunum. Moreover, NE significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation, obesity and depression (\n                      <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Barnesiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Intestinimonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>RF39<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>UCG-005<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and significantly decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (\n                      <jats:italic>Anaerotruncus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Butyricicoccus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) in the cecum. MCE significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria (\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Ruminococcus_torques_group<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and significantly reduced the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation and obesity (\n                      <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Barnesiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>UCG-010<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) in the cecum. In the cecum of broilers with NE, the relative abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Barnesiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n                      was higher and that of\n                      <jats:italic>Lachnoclostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Shuttleworthia<\/jats:italic>\n                      was lower. Interestingly, these trends were reversed by the addition of MCE to the diet. Spearman correlation analysis showed that\n                      <jats:italic>Barnesiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n                      were associated with enhanced intestinal inflammation and inhibited growth performance, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>Lachnoclostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Shuttleworthia<\/jats:italic>\n                      were associated with anti-inflammatory effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MCE ameliorated the loss of growth performance in broiler chickens with NE, probably by regulating the intestinal barrier, immune function, and gut microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-023-00916-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T21:02:05Z","timestamp":1694034125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Dietary Macleaya cordata extract supplementation improves the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Bochen","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linglian","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanpi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chake","family":"Keerqin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1525-5797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhigang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"916_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-74","volume":"43","author":"B Shojadoost","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shojadoost B, Vince AR, Prescott JF. 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