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This study aimed to explore the protective effects of seaweed (<jats:italic>Enteromorpha prolifera<\/jats:italic>) polysaccharides (EPS) on the intestinal barrier function, microbial ecology, and performance of broilers under HS. A total of 144 yellow-feathered broilers (male, 56 days old) with 682.59\u2009\u00b1\u20097.38 g were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 1) TN (thermal neutral zone, 23.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8 \u00b0C), 2) HS (heat stress, 33.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 \u00b0C for 10 h\/d), and 3) HSE (HS\u2009+\u20090.1% EPS). Each group contained 6 replicates with 8 broilers per replicate. The study was conducted for 4 weeks; feed intake and body weights were measured at the end of weeks 2 and 4. At the end of the feeding trial, small intestine samples were collected for histomorphology, antioxidant, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content, apoptosis, gene and protein expression analysis; cecal contents were also collected for microbiota analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Dietary EPS promoted the average daily gain (ADG) of broilers during 3\u20134 weeks of HS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). At the end of HS on broilers, the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the content of sIgA in jejunum were improved by EPS supplementation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Besides, dietary EPS reduced the epithelial cell apoptosis of jejunum and ileum in heat-stressed broilers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Addition of EPS in HS group broilers' diet upregulated the relative mRNA expression of <jats:italic>Occludin<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ZO-1, \u03b3-GCLc<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IL-10<\/jats:italic> of the jejunum (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), whereas downregulated the relative mRNA expression of <jats:italic>NF-\u03baB p65, TNF-\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IL-1\u03b2<\/jats:italic> of the jejunum (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Dietary EPS increased the protein expression of Occludin and ZO-1, whereas it reduced the protein expression of NF-\u03baB p65 and MLCK (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and tended to decrease the protein expression of TNF-\u03b1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.094) in heat-stressed broilers. Furthermore, the proportions of <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Oscillospira<\/jats:italic> among the three groups were positively associated with jejunal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and negatively correlated with jejunal Occludin level (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, the proportions of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus, Barnesiella, Subdoligranulum, Megasphaera, Collinsella,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Blautia<\/jats:italic> among the three groups were positively related to ADG (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>EPS can be used as a feed additive in yellow-feathered broilers. It effectively improves growth performance and alleviates HS-induced intestinal injury by relieving inflammatory damage and improving the tight junction proteins expression. These beneficial effects may be related to inhibiting NF-\u03baB\/MLCK signaling pathway activation and regulation of cecal microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-023-00932-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:02:04Z","timestamp":1696896124000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effects of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharides on growth performance, intestinal barrier function and cecal microbiota in yellow-feathered broilers under heat stress"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wenchao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongxiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balamuralikrishnan","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2891-8353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajesh","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"932_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9080506","volume":"9","author":"W Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu W, Yuan Y, Sun C, Balasubramanian B, Zhao Z, An L. 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