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Enteritidis) is a global foodborne pathogen that poses a significant threat to human health, with poultry being the primary reservoir host. Therefore, addressing <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Enteritidis infections in poultry is crucial to protect human health and the poultry industry. In this study, we investigated the effect of co-housing Arbor Acres (AA) chickens, a commercial breed susceptible to <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Enteritidis, with Tibetan chickens, a local breed resistant to <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Enteritidis infection, on the resistance of the latter to the pathogen.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ninety-six 1-day-old Tibetan chickens and 96 1-day-old AA chickens were divided into a Tibetan chicken housed alone group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200948), an AA chicken housed alone group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200948), and a co-housed group (48 birds from each breed for 2 cages). All birds were provided the same diet, and the experimental period lasted 14 d. At d\u00a07, all chickens were infected with <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Enteritidis, and samples were collected at 1-, 3-, and 7-day-post-infection. We found that the body weight of AA chickens significantly increased when co-housed with Tibetan chickens at 1- and 3-day-post-infection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In addition, the cecal <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Enteritidis load in AA chickens was significantly reduced at 1-, 3-, and 7-day-post-infection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Furthermore, the inflammatory response in AA chickens decreased, as evidenced by the decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines <jats:italic>NOS2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TNF-\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL-8<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL-1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>IFN-\u03b3<\/jats:italic> in their cecal tonsils (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Co-housing with Tibetan chickens significantly increased the height of villi and number of goblet cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), as well as the expression of claudin-1\u00a0(<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), a tight junction protein, in the jejunum of AA chickens. Further analysis revealed that co-housing altered the gut microbiota composition in AA chickens; specifically, the relative abundances of harmful microbes, such as <jats:italic>Intestinimonas<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Oscillibacter<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Tuzzerella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Anaerotruncus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Paludicola,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Anaerofilum<\/jats:italic> were reduced (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our findings indicate that co-housing with Tibetan chickens enhanced the resistance of AA chickens to <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Enteritidis infection without compromising the resistance of Tibetan chickens. This study provides a novel approach for <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> control in practical poultry production.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-024-01132-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:02:18Z","timestamp":1735862538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Co-housing with Tibetan chickens improved the resistance of Arbor Acres chickens to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection by altering their gut microbiota composition"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qianyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qidong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunqi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shourong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"1132_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.04.106","volume":"27","author":"M Furter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Furter M, Sellin ME, Hansson GC, Hardt WD. 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