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This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary yeast cell wall polysaccharides (YCWP) addition on intestinal development and maturation of chickens and its potential action mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n 180 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to three groups containing control (basal diets without any antibiotics or anticoccidial drug), bacitracin methylene\u00a0disalicylate (BMD)-treated group (50 mg\/kg) and YCWP-supplemented group (100 mg\/kg).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared with control group, in-feed antibiotic BMD continuous administration significantly decreased crypt depth (d 21) and villus height (d 42) along with mucosal maltase activity (d 42) in the ileum (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Also, BMD markedly downregulated gene expression levels of \u03b2-catenin, lysozyme, occludin and\n FABP-2<\/jats:italic>\n (d 21) and innate immune related genes\n CD83<\/jats:italic>\n and\n MHC<\/jats:italic>\n -\n I<\/jats:italic>\n mRNA levels (d 42,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05), and decreased goblet cell counts in the ileum of chickens (d 21 and d 42,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). While,\n TLR-2<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n TLR-6<\/jats:italic>\n and\n iNOS<\/jats:italic>\n mRNA abundances were notably upregulated by BMD treatment (d 42,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Nevertheless, dietary YCWP addition significantly increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (d 21), villus surface area (d 21 and d 42), ileal alkaline phosphatase and maltase activities as well as goblet cell (d 21 and d 42) and IgA-producing plasma cell numbers as compared to BMD treatment (d 21,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). YCWP addition also upregulated gene expression levels of\n Lgr5<\/jats:italic>\n , Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway related gene (Wnt3, \u03b2-catenin, d 21; \u03b2-catenin, d 42), intestinal cells proliferation marker\n Ki-67<\/jats:italic>\n and barrier function related genes (occludin, d 21 and d 42,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Moreover, YCWP significantly increased antigen presenting cell marker related genes (\n MHC<\/jats:italic>\n -\n II<\/jats:italic>\n , d 21;\n CD83<\/jats:italic>\n and\n MHC<\/jats:italic>\n -\n I<\/jats:italic>\n , d 42),\n TLR-1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n TLR-2<\/jats:italic>\n and\n TLR-6<\/jats:italic>\n mRNA levels (d 21,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Cecal microbiome analysis showed that YCWP addition obviously improved cecal microbial composition, as indicated by increasing relative abundance of\n Fournierella<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Psychrobacter<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Ruminiclostridium<\/jats:italic>\n on d 21, and\n Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n on d 42, which were positively related with gut development and maturation related indexes (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Collectively, YCWP promoted yet antibiotic BMD delayed intestinal morphological and immunological development linked with modulating gut microbiome in chickens.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-024-01145-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T19:02:27Z","timestamp":1737745347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Yeast cell wall polysaccharides accelerate yet in-feed antibiotic delays intestinal development and maturation via modulating gut microbiome in chickens"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fangshen","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianing","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeqiong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruichen","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waseem","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenrui","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8885-3101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1145_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.110812","volume":"78","author":"Y Vandenplas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vandenplas Y, Carnielli VP, Ksiazyk J, Luna MS, Migacheva N, Mosselmans JM, et al. 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