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Paraquat (PQ) induces significant oxidative stress in weaned piglets. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory functions of taurine (Tau), a free amino acid that is widely distributed in the body, have been extensively studied. However, the mechanisms by which dietary Tau alleviates oxidative stress and gut-liver axis damage in weaned piglets remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty weaned piglets (20 males and 20 females; 6.41\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11\u00a0kg; 25 days old; Duroc\u2009\u00d7\u2009Landrace\u2009\u00d7\u2009Yorkshire) were used in a 2\u2009\u00d7\u20092 factorial design to investigate the mechanism by which dietary Tau (0% or 0.4%) alleviates PQ-induced oxidative stress and gut-liver axis damage. We analyzed key biomarkers related to gut barrier function, mucosal damage repair, liver damage, gut-liver immunity, antioxidant capacity, systemic immune homeostasis, antioxidant levels, and gut microbiota diversity in piglets under normal and acute oxidative stress. In particular, we evaluated the coordinated regulation of gut-liver axis function mediated by Tau through the Nrf2\/Keap1 (antioxidant) and TLR4\/NF-\u03baB (immune modulation) signaling pathways. Partial least squares path modeling and molecular docking were used to explore the intrinsic relationship between PQ, Tau, and the gut-liver axis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PQ exposure impaired gut barrier function, increased the liver fibrosis area, and markedly affected gut microbial diversity (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Tau effectively alleviated PQ-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2\/Keap1 pathway and inhibiting the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway. This enhanced gut barrier function, promoted mucosal repair, and significantly suppressed the concentration and circulation of lipopolysaccharides in the blood, consequently reducing liver damage (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). This further facilitated the optimization of gut microbiota composition, thereby supporting the positive regulation of the gut-liver axis and improving systemic immune and antioxidant functions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tau improved the health status of weaned piglets under both normal and stressed conditions by modulating the Nrf2\/Keap1 and TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathways, offering a potential new nutritional strategy for alleviating gut-liver damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-025-01244-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T05:35:46Z","timestamp":1755495346000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Taurine alleviated paraquat-induced oxidative stress and gut-liver axis damage in weaned piglets by regulating the Nrf2\/Keap1 and TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathways"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weilong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanxing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizhong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenguo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0065-9086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiru","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1244_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2023.09.001","volume":"15","author":"J Tian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tian J, Jiang Q, Bao X, Yang F, Li Y, Sun H, et al. 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