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Glycyrrhizin (GL) has been proven to enhance antioxidant capacity, regulate lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mammals, but its efficacy in hens remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether dietary GL supplementation improves reproductive performance in hens during the late laying stage by modulating intestinal microbiota composition, hepatic lipid metabolism and ovarian antioxidant status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dietary supplementation with 100\u00a0mg\/kg GL significantly improved the egg production rate, egg quality, and hatching rate in aged breeder hens (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). GL supplementation also increased the serum levels of HDL-C, TP and ALB, and enhanced the antioxidant capacity in both serum and ovary (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In addition, dietary GL elevated the serum progesterone (P4) levels by enhancing the transcription level of steroid synthesis key enzymes (\n                      <jats:italic>CYP11A1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>3\u03b2-HSD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) in the ovary (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Dietary GL also promoted the synthesis and transport of vitellogenin (VTG) by upregulating the\n                      <jats:italic>VTG-II<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and\n                      <jats:italic>APOV1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.077) expression levels in the liver, thereby increasing the number of grade follicles and small yellow follicles. Moreover, dietary GL enhanced hepatic fatty acid \u03b2-oxidation by upregulating\n                      <jats:italic>PPAR\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>CPT-I<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and downregulating\n                      <jats:italic>ACC<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression levels (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In agreement, liver metabolomics analysis revealed that dietary GL supplementation significantly altered hepatic metabolism, with 389 differentially identified metabolites (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The key metabolites (e.g., taurocholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, nicotinuric acid, glycodeoxycholic acid (hydrate)) were identified, and they were mainly functionally enriched in beta-alanine metabolism nicotinate, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Finally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that dietary GL reversed age-induced changes in gut microbiota composition, characterized by a significant increase in\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      abundance and a decrease in\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results collectively demonstrate that dietary supplementation with 100\u00a0mg\/kg GL improved reproductive performance by reversing age-induced changes in gut microbiota, enhancing hepatic vitellogenin synthesis, and ameliorating ovarian function in aged breeder hens. This study suggests that dietary GL is a potential strategy to improve reproductive performance in broiler breeder hens during the late laying period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-025-01288-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T02:31:23Z","timestamp":1763605883000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Dietary glycyrrhizin enhances reproductive performance by improving intestinal microbiota, liver lipid metabolism and ovarian senescence in aged breeder hens"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhenwu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huchuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangju","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanru","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghai","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1288_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-023-00904-6","volume":"14","author":"L Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang L, Ge J, Gao F, Yang M, Li H, Xia F, et al. 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