{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T19:39:49Z","timestamp":1740166789684,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022ZKKWLW","20229JM25N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZKKWLW","20229JM25N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Hematol Oncol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by abnormal plasma cell proliferation in the bone marrow. Recent advancements in anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody therapies, such as daratumumab and isatuximab, have significantly improved MM patient survival. However, the lack of predictive factors of response to these therapies remains a challenge. Notably, anti-CD38 antibodies can interfere with laboratory tests, complicating response assessment. We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the association between the appearance of positive IgGk (therapeutic antibody) on immunofixation\/immunosubtraction (IF) and clinical parameters in 87 non-IgGk MM patients treated with anti-CD38 therapy. Positive IgGk IF was observed in 42 patients after a median of three treatment courses. Patients with positive IgGk IF had higher rates of complete\/very good partial responses (p\u2009=\u20090.03) and improved progression-free survival (median not reached vs. 21.83\u00a0months, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). High BMI (p\u2009=\u20090.03), higher hemoglobin (p\u2009=\u20090.02), lower CRP (p\u2009=\u20090.04), and lower monoclonal protein levels (p\u2009=\u20090.03) were associated with positive IgGk IF. Our findings suggest that monitoring therapeutic antibody appearance on IF may predict and optimize anti-CD38 therapy in MM. Potential explanations include the impact of patient factors (e.g. BMI) on drug pharmacokinetics, the relationship between antibody levels and immune response, and the influence of tumor biology. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and clinical utility of this biomarker. Nonetheless, our results highlight the importance of considering therapeutic antibody detection when interpreting laboratory tests and managing MM patients receiving anti-CD38 therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-024-00547-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T07:12:21Z","timestamp":1722928341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measurable therapeutic antibody in serum as potential predictive factor of response to anti-CD38 therapy in non-IgG-k myeloma patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Emilia","family":"Gigliotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Plano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giusy","family":"Corsale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Corsale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Aquilina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Speciale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Rizzuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrica Antonia","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Leotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio Giovanni","family":"Solimando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Ria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Siragusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cirino","family":"Botta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"547_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/hematolrep15010004","volume":"15","author":"F Plano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Plano F, et al. Monoclonal Gammopathies and the bone marrow microenvironment: from bench to bedside and then back again. Hematol Rep. 2023;15(1):23\u201349.","journal-title":"Hematol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"547_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.10.001","volume":"33","author":"MA Dimopoulos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dimopoulos MA, et al. Corrigendum to \u201cmultiple myeloma: EHA-ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.\u201d Ann Oncol. 2022;33(1):117.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"547_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.3041","volume":"40","author":"C Botta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Botta C, et al. Network meta-analysis of randomized trials in multiple myeloma: efficacy and safety in frontline therapy for patients not eligible for transplant. Hematol Oncol. 2022;40(5):987\u201398.","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"547_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2024.110761","author":"A Jimenez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jimenez A, et al. Characteristics of isatuximab-derived interference in serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation, and an absence of sustained in vivo interference due to belantamab mafodotin and denosumab. Clin Biochem. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2024.110761.","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"547_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01501-0","volume":"36","author":"N Abdallah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdallah N, et al. Tracking daratumumab clearance using mass spectrometry: implications on M protein monitoring and reusing daratumumab. Leukemia. 2022;36(5):1426\u20138.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"8","key":"547_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000667","volume":"134","author":"SZ Usmani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Usmani SZ, et al. Subcutaneous delivery of daratumumab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. 2019;134(8):668\u201377.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"547_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2021.104228","volume":"139","author":"E Rahimi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rahimi E, et al. Transport and lymphatic uptake of monoclonal antibodies after subcutaneous injection. Microvasc Res. 2022;139: 104228.","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"key":"547_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.05.009","volume":"167","author":"M Sanchez-Felix","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanchez-Felix M, et al. Predicting bioavailability of monoclonal antibodies after subcutaneous administration: open innovation challenge. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2020;167:66\u201377.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"15","key":"547_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxac058","volume":"79","author":"BL Erstad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Erstad BL, Barletta JF. Implications of obesity for drug administration and absorption from subcutaneous and intramuscular injections: a primer. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2022;79(15):1236\u201344.","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"8","key":"547_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-023-01572-x","volume":"43","author":"Z Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Z, et al. Effects of body mass and age on the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous or hyaluronidase-facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin G in primary immunodeficiency diseases. J Clin Immunol. 2023;43(8):2127\u201335.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["Experimental Hematology &amp; Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40164-024-00547-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40164-024-00547-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40164-024-00547-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T19:03:46Z","timestamp":1722971026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ehoonline.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40164-024-00547-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40164-024-00547-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-3619"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2162-3619"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics Committee approval was obtained from our internal committee (\u201cPaolo Giaccone\u201d University Hospital of Palermo, Palermo 1) with the number 02\/2022, codename: MMVision.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"82"}}