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No efficient medicine is available for treating MA worldwide. Only paracentesis is recommended by the guidelines in most countries, but with limited efficacy and a short control time. Thus, novel treatments are needed to control MA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An anti-EpCAM \u00d7 anti-CD3 bispecific antibody, M701, was constructed as a T-cell engager to eliminate tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity. A phase II study  was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the intraperitoneal (IP) infusion of M701 in advanced epithelial tumor patients with moderate-to-large-scale MA. In this study, 84 patients were enrolled, with 43 in the M701 group receiving paracentesis and IP M701 infusion and 41 in the control group receiving paracentesis alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The primary endpoint, median puncture-free survival (PuFS), was 75 days in the M701 group and 25 days in the control group, with a significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0065). Subgroup analysis indicated that different types of cancer, including gastric, colorectal, and ovarian cancers, all benefited from the M701 infusion. Patients with higher relative lymphocyte counts (\u2265\u200913%) at baseline received better effects. Compared to patients in the control group, the overall survival (OS) of patients in the M701 group was certain extended (mOS 110 days vs. 76 days,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.1443, HR\u2009=\u20090.68). The 6-month survival rates were 33.3% and 12.1% in the two groups, respectively. No additional serious adverse events (SAEs) were detected in the M701 group. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events were anemia and low white blood cell count, which were manageable. M701 infusions did not cause a greater risk than paracentesis alone in the control arm, while all patients were administered systemic treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When treated with M701, patients with MA had significantly longer puncture intervals and a trend of extended survival time. The results were encouraging for patients with MA. A phase III clinical trial of M701 aimed at further validation is ongoing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-025-00727-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T11:36:13Z","timestamp":1763811373000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development and clinical trial of M701, an Anti-EpCAM \u00d7 Anti-CD3 bispecific antibody: a targeted intraperitoneal therapy for malignant ascites stemming from advanced solid 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