{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:43:54Z","timestamp":1792788234988,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12 HD043494-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12 HD043494-14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006792","name":"Hartwell Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM108494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM108494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Duke School of Nursing Center for Nursing Research"},{"name":"Jean and George Brumley, Jr. Neonatal Perinatal Research Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbiome"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0486-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T08:07:10Z","timestamp":1527754030000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Early-life skin microbiota in hospitalized preterm and full-term infants"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Noelle E.","family":"Younge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Ara\u00fajo-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Brandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick C.","family":"Seed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"486_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2015.0642","volume":"4","author":"T Oranges","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oranges T, Dini V, Romanelli M. Skin physiology of the neonate and infant: clinical implications. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2015;4(10):587\u201395.","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"486_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.2.285","volume":"110","author":"BJ Stoll","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Carlo WA, Ehrenkranz RA, Lemons JA, Donovan EF, Stark AR, Tyson JE, et al. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics. 2002;110(2 Pt 1):285\u201391.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"486_CR3","volume-title":"Neonatal and infant dermatology","author":"LF Eichenfield","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eichenfield LF, Frieden IJ, Mathes EF, Zaenglein AL. Neonatal and infant dermatology. 3rd ed. London: Elsevier Saunders; 2015. 1 online resource (xiii, 553 pages).","edition":"3"},{"issue":"6098","key":"486_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1225152","volume":"337","author":"S Naik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Naik S, Bouladoux N, Wilhelm C, Molloy MJ, Salcedo R, Kastenmuller W, Deming C, Quinones M, Koo L, Conlan S, et al. Compartmentalized control of skin immunity by resident commensals. Science. 2012;337(6098):1115\u20139.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"486_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.10.016","volume":"43","author":"TC Scharschmidt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scharschmidt TC, Vasquez KS, Truong HA, Gearty SV, Pauli ML, Nosbaum A, Gratz IK, Otto M, Moon JJ, Liese J, et al. A wave of regulatory T cells into neonatal skin mediates tolerance to commensal microbes. Immunity. 2015;43(5):1011\u201321.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"486_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.07.029","volume":"139","author":"EA Kennedy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kennedy EA, Connolly J, Hourihane JO, Fallon PG, McLean WH, Murray D, Jo JH, Segre JA, Kong HH, Irvine AD. Skin microbiome before development of atopic dermatitis: early colonization with commensal staphylococci at 2 months is associated with a lower risk of atopic dermatitis at 1 year. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139(1):166\u201372.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"486_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.8","volume":"6","author":"JG Caporaso","year":"2012","unstructured":"Caporaso JG, Lauber CL, Walters WA, Berg-Lyons D, Huntley J, Fierer N, Owens SM, Betley J, Fraser L, Bauer M, et al. Ultra-high-throughput microbial community analysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms. ISME J. 2012;6(8):1621\u20134.","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"486_CR8","first-page":"Unit 1E.5","volume":"Chapter 1","author":"J Kuczynski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kuczynski J, Stombaugh J, Walters WA, Gonzalez A, Caporaso JG, Knight R. Using QIIME to analyze 16S rRNA gene sequences from microbial communities. Curr Protoc Microbiol. 2012;Chapter 1:Unit 1E.5.","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"486_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2658","volume":"10","author":"JN Paulson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paulson JN, Stine OC, Bravo HC, Pop M. Differential abundance analysis for microbial marker-gene surveys. Nat Methods. 2013;10(12):1200\u20132.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"486_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217","volume":"8","author":"PJ McMurdie","year":"2013","unstructured":"McMurdie PJ, Holmes S. Phyloseq: an R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61217.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"16","key":"486_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts342","volume":"28","author":"J Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen J, Bittinger K, Charlson ES, Hoffmann C, Lewis J, Wu GD, Collman RG, Bushman FD, Li H. Associating microbiome composition with environmental covariates using generalized UniFrac distances. Bioinformatics. 2012;28(16):2106\u201313.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"9","key":"486_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1650","volume":"8","author":"D Knights","year":"2011","unstructured":"Knights D, Kuczynski J, Charlson ES, Zaneveld J, Mozer MC, Collman RG, Bushman FD, Knight R, Kelley ST. Bayesian community-wide culture-independent microbial source tracking. Nat Methods. 2011;8(9):761\u20133.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"486_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066986","volume":"8","author":"L Moles","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moles L, Gomez M, Heilig H, Bustos G, Fuentes S, de Vos W, Fernandez L, Rodriguez JM, Jimenez E. Bacterial diversity in meconium of preterm neonates and evolution of their fecal microbiota during the first month of life. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e66986.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7520","key":"486_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13786","volume":"514","author":"J Oh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oh J, Byrd AL, Deming C, Conlan S, Program NCS, Kong HH, Segre JA. Biogeography and individuality shape function in the human skin metagenome. Nature. 2014;514(7520):59\u201364.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5960","key":"486_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177486","volume":"326","author":"EK Costello","year":"2009","unstructured":"Costello EK, Lauber CL, Hamady M, Fierer N, Gordon JI, Knight R. Bacterial community variation in human body habitats across space and time. Science. 2009;326(5960):1694\u20137.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"486_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00782-00713","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00782-13","volume":"4","author":"EK Costello","year":"2013","unstructured":"Costello EK, Carlisle EM, Bik EM, Morowitz MJ, Relman DA. Microbiome assembly across multiple body sites in low-birthweight infants. MBio. 2013;4(6):e00782-00713.","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"3","key":"486_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4272","volume":"23","author":"DM Chu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chu DM, Ma J, Prince AL, Antony KM, Seferovic MD, Aagaard KM. Maturation of the infant microbiome community structure and function across multiple body sites and in relation to mode of delivery. Nat Med. 2017;23(3):314\u201326.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"486_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11971","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002601107","volume":"107","author":"MG Dominguez-Bello","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dominguez-Bello MG, Costello EK, Contreras M, Magris M, Hidalgo G, Fierer N, Knight R. Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(26):11971\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"486_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0176669","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176669","volume":"12","author":"M Pammi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pammi M, O'Brien JL, Ajami NJ, Wong MC, Versalovic J, Petrosino JF. Development of the cutaneous microbiome in the preterm infant: a prospective longitudinal study. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0176669.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"486_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.213256.116","volume":"27","author":"MR Olm","year":"2017","unstructured":"Olm MR, Brown CT, Brooks B, Firek B, Baker R, Burstein D, Soenjoyo K, Thomas BC, Morowitz M, Banfield JF. Identical bacterial populations colonize premature infant gut, skin, and oral microbiomes and exhibit different in situ growth rates. Genome Res. 2017;27(4):601\u201312.","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"486_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45651","volume":"7","author":"J Lehtimaki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lehtimaki J, Karkman A, Laatikainen T, Paalanen L, von Hertzen L, Haahtela T, Hanski I, Ruokolainen L. Patterns in the skin microbiota differ in children and teenagers between rural and urban environments. Sci Rep. 2017;7:45651.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"486_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.0378","volume":"171","author":"PS Pannaraj","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pannaraj PS, Li F, Cerini C, Bender JM, Yang S, Rollie A, Adisetiyo H, Zabih S, Lincez PJ, Bittinger K, et al. Association between breast milk bacterial communities and establishment and development of the infant gut microbiome. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(7):647\u2013654.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"343","key":"486_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343ra382","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad7121","volume":"8","author":"NA Bokulich","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bokulich NA, Chung J, Battaglia T, Henderson N, Jay M, Li H, DL A, Wu F, Perez-Perez GI, Chen Y, et al. Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8(343):343ra382.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"486_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.01.004","volume":"86","author":"G Biasucci","year":"2010","unstructured":"Biasucci G, Rubini M, Riboni S, Morelli L, Bessi E, Retetangos C. Mode of delivery affects the bacterial community in the newborn gut. Early Hum Dev. 2010;86(Suppl 1):13\u20135.","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"486_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0213-y","volume":"5","author":"CJ Hill","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hill CJ, Lynch DB, Murphy K, Ulaszewska M, Jeffery IB, O'Shea CA, Watkins C, Dempsey E, Mattivi F, Tuohy K, et al. Evolution of gut microbiota composition from birth to 24 weeks in the INFANTMET cohort. Microbiome. 2017;5(1):4.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"10","key":"486_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13312","volume":"26","author":"A Salava","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salava A, Aho V, Lybeck E, Pereira P, Paulin L, Nupponen I, Ranki A, Auvinen P, Andersson S, Lauerma A. Loss of cutaneous microbial diversity during first 3 weeks of life in very low birthweight infants. Exp Dermatol. 2017;26(10):861\u2013867.","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Microbiome"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40168-018-0486-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40168-018-0486-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40168-018-0486-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T10:39:14Z","timestamp":1589539154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40168-018-0486-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-018-0486-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-2618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-2618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Duke Institutional Review Board (Pro00045553), and written informed consent was obtained from parents.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"98"}}