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No randomized controlled clinical trial results are available. We performed a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial of FMT in adults with colonic or ileo-colonic CD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients enrolled while in flare received oral corticosteroid. Once in clinical remission, patients were randomized to receive either FMT or sham transplantation during a colonoscopy. Corticosteroids were tapered and a second colonoscopy was performed at week 6. The primary endpoint was the implantation of the donor microbiota at week 6 (Sorensen index &gt; 0.6).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Eight patients received FMT and nine sham transplantation. None of the patients reached the primary endpoint. The steroid-free clinical remission rate at 10 and 24\u2009weeks was 44.4% (4\/9) and 33.3% (3\/9) in the sham transplantation group and 87.5% (7\/8) and 50.0% (4\/8; one patient loss of follow-up while in remission at week 12 and considered in flare at week 24) in the FMT group. Crohn\u2019s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity decreased 6\u2009weeks after FMT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03) but not after sham transplantation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.8). Conversely, the CRP level increased 6\u2009weeks after sham transplantation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.008) but not after FMT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.5). Absence of donor microbiota engraftment was associated with flare. No safety signal was identified.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The primary endpoint was not reached for any patient. In this pilot study, higher colonization by donor microbiota was associated with maintenance of remission. These results must be confirmed in larger studies <jats:bold>(<\/jats:bold>NCT02097797).<\/jats:p>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-0792-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T19:04:57Z","timestamp":1580756697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":370,"title":["Fecal microbiota transplantation to maintain remission in Crohn\u2019s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"name":"Saint-Antoine IBD Network","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2914-1822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harry","family":"Sokol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Landman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Seksik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Berard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lissa","family":"Montil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Nion-Larmurier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Bourrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Le Gall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Lalande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"De Rougemont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Kirchgesner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Daguenel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marine","family":"Cachanado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9lodie","family":"Drouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Rosenzwajg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Hagege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Dray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Klatzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Marteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Beaugerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabassome","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"792_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10209","volume":"474","author":"B Khor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khor B, Gardet A, Xavier RJ. 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TS received unrestricted study grants from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli-Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, and Sanofi; and board membership, consultancy, or lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Astellas, BMS, MSD, Novartis, Sanofi, and Pfizer. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"12"}}