{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:53:38Z","timestamp":1793397218956,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32101032 and 81991522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101032 and 81991522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32101032 and 81991522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101032 and 81991522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32101032 and 81991522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101032 and 81991522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32101032 and 81991522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101032 and 81991522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32101032 and 81991522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101032 and 81991522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021QC110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QC110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021QC110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QC110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021QC110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QC110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021QC110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QC110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021QC110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QC110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbiome"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chondroitin sulfate (CS) has widely been used as a symptomatic slow-acting drug or a dietary supplement for the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis. However, CS could not be absorbed after oral intake due to its polyanionic nature and large molecular weight. Gut microbiota has recently been proposed to play a pivotal role in the metabolism of drugs and nutrients. Nonetheless, how CS is degraded by the human gut microbiota has not been fully characterized. In the present study, we demonstrated that each human gut microbiota was characterized with a unique capability for CS degradation. Degradation and fermentation of CS by the human gut microbiota produced significant amounts of unsaturated CS oligosaccharides (CSOSs) and short-chain fatty acids. To uncover which microbes were responsible for CS degradation, we isolated a total of 586 bacterial strains with a potential CS-degrading capability from 23 human fecal samples.\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroides salyersiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    was a potent species for CS degradation in the human gut microbiota and produced the highest amount of CSOSs as compared to other well-recognized CS-degraders, including\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroides finegoldii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroides xylanisolvens<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroides ovatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Genomic analysis suggested that\n                    <jats:italic>B. salyersiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    was armed with multiple carbohydrate-active enzymes that could potentially degrade CS into CSOSs. By using a spent medium assay, we further demonstrated that the unsaturated tetrasaccharide (udp4) produced by the primary degrader\n                    <jats:italic>B. salyersiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    could serve as a \u201cpublic goods\u201d molecule for the growth of\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroides stercoris<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a secondary CS-degrader that was proficient at fermenting CSOSs but not CS. Taken together, our study provides insights into the metabolism of CS by the human gut microbiota, which has promising implications for the development of medical and nutritional therapies for osteoarthritis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01768-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T22:02:26Z","timestamp":1709157746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Bacteroides salyersiae is a potent chondroitin sulfate-degrading species in the human gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yamin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingfeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingsen","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangli","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1768_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.11.014","volume":"26","author":"AE Nelson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nelson AE. Osteoarthritis year in review 2017: clinical. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018;26(3):319\u201325.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"1768_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16072","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.72","volume":"2","author":"J Martel-Pelletier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martel-Pelletier J, Barr AJ, Cicuttini FM, Conaghan PG, Cooper C, Goldring MB, Goldring SR, Jones G, Teichtahl AJ, Pelletier JP. Osteoarthritis Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:16072.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"4","key":"1768_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1693","volume":"4","author":"HA Wieland","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wieland HA, Michaelis M, Kirschbaum BJ, Rudolphi KA. Osteoarthritis - an untreatable disease? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005;4(4):331\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"5","key":"1768_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-016-9665-3","volume":"33","author":"M Bishnoi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bishnoi M, Jain A, Hurkat P, Jain SK. Chondroitin sulphate: a focus on osteoarthritis. Glycoconj J. 2016;33(5):693\u2013705.","journal-title":"Glycoconj J"},{"issue":"10","key":"1768_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.06.006","volume":"1830","author":"T Mikami","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mikami T, Kitagawa H. Biosynthesis and function of chondroitin sulfate. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013;1830(10):4719\u201333.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"1768_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvac110","volume":"173","author":"T Mikami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mikami T, Kitagawa H. Chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans function as extra\/pericellular ligands for cell surface receptors. J Biochem. 2023;173(5):329\u201332.","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"1768_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022166","volume":"124","author":"H Watanabe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Watanabe H, Yamada Y, Kimata K. Roles of aggrecan, a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, in cartilage structure and function. J Biochem. 1998;124(4):687\u201393.","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"1768_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380514","volume":"38","author":"G Cs-Szab\u00f3","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cs-Szab\u00f3 G, Roughley PJ, Plaas AH, Glant TT. Large and small proteoglycans of osteoarthritic and rheumatoid articular cartilage. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(5):660\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"1768_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213826","volume":"78","author":"M Kloppenburg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kloppenburg M, Kroon FP, Blanco FJ, Doherty M, Dziedzic KS, Greibrokk E, Haugen IK, Herrero-Beaumont G, Jonsson H, Kjeken I, Maheu E, Ramonda R, Ritt MJ, Smeets W, Smolen JS, Stamm TA, Szekanecz Z, Wittoek R, Carmona L. 2018 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of hand osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(1):16\u201324.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1768_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.04.008","volume":"49","author":"O Bruy\u00e8re","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bruy\u00e8re O, Honvo G, Veronese N, Arden NK, Branco J, Curtis EM, Al-Daghri NM, Herrero-Beaumont G, Martel-Pelletier J, Pelletier JP, Rannou F, Rizzoli R, Roth R, Uebelhart D, Cooper C, Reginster JY. An updated algorithm recommendation for the management of knee osteoarthritis from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO). Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019;49(3):337\u201350.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"1768_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.669","volume":"20","author":"FN Lamari","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lamari FN, Theocharis AD, Asimakopoulou AP, Malavaki CJ, Karamanos NK. Metabolism and biochemical\/physiological roles of chondroitin sulfates: analysis of endogenous and supplemental chondroitin sulfates in blood circulation. Biomed Chromatogr. 2006;20(6\u20137):539\u201350.","journal-title":"Biomed Chromatogr"},{"issue":"3","key":"1768_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00290259","volume":"12","author":"A Baici","year":"1992","unstructured":"Baici A, H\u00f6rler D, Moser B, Hofer HO, Fehr K, Wagenh\u00e4user FJ. Analysis of glycosaminoglycans in human serum after oral administration of chondroitin sulfate. Rheumatol Int. 1992;12(3):81\u20138.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"1768_CR13","first-page":"768","volume":"41","author":"A Conte","year":"1991","unstructured":"Conte A, de Bernardi M, Palmieri L, Lualdi P, Mautone G, Ronca G. Metabolic fate of exogenous chondroitin sulfate in man. Arzneimittelforschung. 1991;41(7):768\u201372.","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"issue":"10","key":"1768_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2002.0824","volume":"10","author":"N Volpi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Volpi N. Oral bioavailability of chondroitin sulfate (Condrosulf) and its constituents in healthy male volunteers. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2002;10(10):768\u201377.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"7","key":"1768_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.001","volume":"181","author":"B Javdan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Javdan B, Lopez JG, Chankhamjon P, Lee YJ, Hull R, Wu Q, Wang X, Chatterjee S, Donia MS. Personalized mapping of drug metabolism by the human gut microbiome. Cell. 2020;181(7):1661-1679.e22.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7762","key":"1768_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1291-3","volume":"570","author":"M Zimmermann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zimmermann M, Zimmermann-Kogadeeva M, Wegmann R, Goodman AL. Mapping human microbiome drug metabolism by gut bacteria and their genes. Nature. 2019;570(7762):462\u20137.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6427","key":"1768_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaat9931","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat9931","volume":"363","author":"M Zimmermann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zimmermann M, Zimmermann-Kogadeeva M, Wegmann R, Goodman AL. Separating host and microbiome contributions to drug pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Science. 2019;363(6427):eaat9931.","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"1768_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.055","volume":"86","author":"Q Shang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shang Q, Yin Y, Zhu L, Li G, Yu G, Wang X. Degradation of chondroitin sulfate by the gut microbiota of Chinese individuals. Int J Biol Macromol. 2016;86:112\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1768_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.07.003","volume":"20","author":"ED Sonnenburg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sonnenburg ED, Sonnenburg JL. Starving our microbial self: the deleterious consequences of a diet deficient in microbiota-accessible carbohydrates. Cell Metab. 2014;20(5):779\u201386.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1768_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068367","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2068367","volume":"14","author":"PS Rawat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rawat PS, Seyed Hameed AS, Meng X, Liu W. Utilization of glycosaminoglycans by the human gut microbiota: participating bacteria and their enzymatic machineries. Gut Microbes. 2022;14(1):2068367.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"46","key":"1768_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17906","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.004510","volume":"293","author":"D Ndeh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ndeh D, Munoz Munoz J, Cartmell A, et al. The human gut microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron encodes the founding member of a novel glycosaminoglycan-degrading polysaccharide lyase family PL29. J Biol Chem. 2018;293(46):17906\u201316.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1768_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14509-4","volume":"11","author":"D Ndeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ndeh D, Basl\u00e9 A, Strahl H, et al. Metabolism of multiple glycosaminoglycans by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is orchestrated by a versatile core genetic locus. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):646.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"1768_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwaa054","volume":"31","author":"HA Brown","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brown HA, Koropatkin NM. Host glycan utilization within the Bacteroidetes Sus-like paradigm. Glycobiology. 2021;31(6):697\u2013706.","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1768_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2012.06.006","volume":"22","author":"DN Bolam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bolam DN, Koropatkin NM. Glycan recognition by the Bacteroidetes Sus-like systems. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2012;22(5):563\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Struct Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1768_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NP00009C","volume":"35","author":"G D'Souza","year":"2018","unstructured":"D\u2019Souza G, Shitut S, Preussger D, Yousif G, Waschina S, Kost C. Ecology and evolution of metabolic cross-feeding interactions in bacteria. Nat Prod Rep. 2018;35(5):455\u201388.","journal-title":"Nat Prod Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"1768_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-021-01505-0","volume":"5","author":"L O\u00f1a","year":"2021","unstructured":"O\u00f1a L, Giri S, Avermann N, Kreienbaum M, Thormann KM, Kost C. Obligate cross-feeding expands the metabolic niche of bacteria. Nat Ecol Evol. 2021;5(9):1224\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1768_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.03.016","volume":"31","author":"EJ Culp","year":"2023","unstructured":"Culp EJ, Goodman AL. Cross-feeding in the gut microbiome: Ecology and mechanisms. Cell Host Microbe. 2023;31(4):485\u201399.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"1768_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02566","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02566-18","volume":"10","author":"NT Baxter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baxter NT, Schmidt AW, Venkataraman A, Kim KS, Waldron C, Schmidt TM. Dynamics of human gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in response to dietary interventions with three fermentable fibers. mBio. 2019;10(1):e02566-18.","journal-title":"mBio."},{"issue":"1","key":"1768_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.10.077","volume":"24","author":"S Rakoff-Nahoum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rakoff-Nahoum S, Coyne MJ, Comstock LE. An ecological network of polysaccharide utilization among human intestinal symbionts. Curr Biol. 2014;24(1):40\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1768_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.09.040","volume":"164","author":"HJ You","year":"2023","unstructured":"You HJ, Si J, Kim J, et al. Bacteroides vulgatus SNUG 40005 restores Akkermansia depletion by metabolite modulation. Gastroenterology. 2023;164(1):103\u201316.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"12","key":"1768_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0261353","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261353","volume":"16","author":"E Chisari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chisari E, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Friedrich AW, Parvizi J. The relation between the gut microbiome and osteoarthritis: A systematic review of literature. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(12):e0261353.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"1768_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.05.009","volume":"27","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, Ding W, Wang HL, Dai LL, Zong WH, Wang YZ, Bi J, Han W, Dong GJ. Gut microbiota and obesity-associated osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019;27(9):1257\u201365.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"12","key":"1768_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.003","volume":"29","author":"XH Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu XH, Yang YQ, Cao RR, Bo L, Lei SF. The causal role of gut microbiota in development of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2021;29(12):1741\u201350.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"1768_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01955","volume":"8","author":"Q Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Q, Huang SQ, Li CQ, Xu Q, Zeng QP. Akkermansia muciniphila may determine chondroitin sulfate ameliorating or aggravating osteoarthritis. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:1955.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1768_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.100946","volume":"55","author":"E Biver","year":"2019","unstructured":"Biver E, Berenbaum F, Valdes AM, Araujo de Carvalho I, Bindels LB, Brandi ML, Calder PC, Castronovo V, Cavalier E, Cherubini A, Cooper C, Dennison E, Franceschi C, Fuggle N, Laslop A, Miossec P, Thomas T, Tuzun S, Veronese N, Vlaskovska M, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R. Gut microbiota and osteoarthritis management: an expert consensus of the European society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal diseases (ESCEO). Ageing Res Rev. 2019;55:100946.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev."},{"key":"1768_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812596","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.812596","volume":"12","author":"Z Wei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wei Z, Li F, Pi G. Association between gut microbiota and osteoarthritis: a review of evidence for potential mechanisms and therapeutics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:812596.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Microbiome"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40168-024-01768-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40168-024-01768-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40168-024-01768-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T22:08:07Z","timestamp":1709158087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40168-024-01768-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1768"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-024-01768-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-2618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-2618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The human experiments for the collection of fecal samples were approved and supported by the Ethical Committee of the Ocean University of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy (Permission No. OUC-2021\u20131011-01). The collection of the human fecal samples was conducted according to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines on the Protection of Research Participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All the participants in the present study consented independently when donating the fecal samples. All the personal data generated during the research were kept confidential.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"41"}}