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They host diverse prokaryotes, yet how diatoms preferentially recruit those with complementary metabolic traits remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We discovered that diatoms exude a C6-sulfated \u03b1-1,3-mannan that serves as a selective carbon source for adapted\n                      <jats:italic>Polaribacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Its structure was resolved using NMR spectroscopy, chromatography, chemical synthesis, and enzymatic dissection. Biochemical, physiological, and structural analyses demonstrated, that specialized Bacteroidota employ a four-enzyme pathway to metabolize this glycan. Metagenomic and transcriptomic data revealed that sulfated mannan utilization loci are globally abundant and actively expressed in surface ocean bacterioplankton. Because this mannan provides only carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and hydrogen, bacteria must obtain other essential elements elsewhere, reinforcing metabolic interdependence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, these results define a chemically specific interaction between diatoms and specialized bacteria that is mediated by a single sulfated polysaccharide and a dedicated four-enzyme degradation pathway. Presence of this pathway in marine metagenomes and transcriptomes indicates that a sulfated mannan from diatoms exerts selection pressure in the sunlit ocean microbiome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-026-02379-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T05:46:11Z","timestamp":1774503971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sulfated mannan of diatoms selects host-specific microbiota in the sunlit ocean"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Krull","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Sidhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Solanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bligh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"R\u00f6\u00dfler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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