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A prominent example of this regenerative power is the ability to re\u2010grow entire amputated limbs. One important step in this regeneration process is skeletal muscle cellularization, in which the muscle fibers break down into dedifferentiated, mononuclear cells that proliferate and form new muscle in the replacement limb. In contrast, mammalian skeletal muscle does not undergo cellularization after injury. A significant proportion of research about tissue regeneration in salamanders aims to characterize regulatory genes that may have mammalian homologs. A less mainstream approach is to develop small molecule compounds that induce regeneration\u2010related mechanisms in mammals. In this commentary, we discuss progress in discovering small molecules that induce cellularization in mammalian muscle. New research findings using these compounds has also shed light on cellular processes that regulate cellularization, such as apoptotic signaling. Although formidable technical hurdles remain, this progress increases our understanding of tissue regeneration and provide opportunities for developing small molecules that may enhance tissue repair in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169-017-0143-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,22]],"date-time":"2017-03-22T16:40:25Z","timestamp":1490200825000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Lessons from the swamp: developing small molecules that confer salamander muscle cellularization in mammals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"JungIn","family":"Um","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New Drug Targets Laboratory School of Life Sciences Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology 1 Oryong\u2010Dong, Buk\u2010Gu 61005 Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Da\u2010Woon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Drug Targets Laboratory School of Life Sciences Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology 1 Oryong\u2010Dong, Buk\u2010Gu 61005 Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darren Reece","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Drug Targets Laboratory School of Life Sciences Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology 1 Oryong\u2010Dong, Buk\u2010Gu 61005 Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1188"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091420210"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(72)90085-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Cellular plasticity in vertebrate regeneration","volume":"287","author":"Odelberg SJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anat Record Part B New Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1147710"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16974"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17972"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00212-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175336"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/295672a0"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1139\/o87-098","article-title":"Use of retinoids to analyze the cellular basis of positional memory in regenerating amphibian limbs","volume":"65","author":"Stocum DL","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.23.11386"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_3_15_1","first-page":"567","article-title":"The effect of repeated amputation and blastema formation on regeneration","volume":"99","author":"Karczmar AG","year":"1947","journal-title":"Anat Record"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050620104"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(59)90018-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_18_1","unstructured":"SpallanzaniA(1769)Reproductions of the legs in the aquatic salamander. 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