{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T07:01:27Z","timestamp":1794466887746,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["112-2314-B-032-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2314-B-032-001"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["112-2314-B-032-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2314-B-032-001"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["112-2314-B-032-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2314-B-032-001"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["112-2314-B-032-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2314-B-032-001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["V113C-201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V113C-201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["V113C-201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V113C-201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["V113C-201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V113C-201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Medical scholarship foundation in memory of professor Albert Ly-Young Shen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Genomics"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-025-00824-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T07:47:34Z","timestamp":1761119254000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between hot spring residency and dry eye disease: a crossover gene\u2013environment interaction (GxE) study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Hsin-Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kao-Jung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Yun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Tien","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Chih","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pin-Hsuan","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hsiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He-Jhen","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Hsin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Ying","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hung","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Hwa","family":"Chiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai-Ru","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Chien","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"824_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1578","volume":"6","author":"DJ Hunter","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hunter DJ. Gene\u2013environment interactions in human diseases. Nat Rev Genet. 2005;6(4):287\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrg1578.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"7","key":"824_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx227","volume":"186","author":"K McAllister","year":"2017","unstructured":"McAllister K, Mechanic LE, Amos C, et al. Current challenges and new opportunities for Gene-Environment interaction studies of complex diseases. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;186(7):753\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwx227.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"824_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-025-00761-6","volume":"19","author":"D Sarigiannis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sarigiannis D, Karakitsios S, Anesti O, et al. Advancing translational exposomics: bridging genome, exposome and personalized medicine. Hum Genomics. 2025;19(1):48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40246-025-00761-6.","journal-title":"Hum Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"824_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41435-022-00192-6","volume":"24","author":"SJ Virolainen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Virolainen SJ, VonHandorf A, Viel KCMF, et al. Gene\u2013environment interactions and their impact on human health. Genes Immun. 2022;24(1):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41435-022-00192-6.","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"824_CR5","first-page":"833","volume":"51","author":"AP Verhagen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Verhagen AP, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Boers M, et al. Balneotherapy (or spa therapy) for rheumatoid arthritis. An abridged version of Cochrane systematic review. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2015;51(6):833\u201347.","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"824_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD011336","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011336","volume":"2014","author":"J Bidonde","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bidonde J, Busch AJ, Webber SC, et al. Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(10):CD011336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD011336.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"824_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Serbulea M, Payyappallimana U. Onsen (hot springs) in Japan\u2014transforming terrain into healing landscapes. Health Place. 2012;18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthplace.2012.06.020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2012.06.020"},{"key":"824_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140818","volume":"743","author":"F Gorini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gorini F, Bustaffa E, Chatzianagnostou K, Bianchi F, Vassalle C. Hydrogen sulfide and cardiovascular disease: doubts, clues, and interpretation difficulties from studies in geothermal areas. Sci Total Environ. 2020;743:140818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140818.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"824_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.363","volume":"659","author":"D Nuvolone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nuvolone D, Petri D, Pepe P, Voller F. Health effects associated with chronic exposure to low-level hydrogen sulfide from geothermoelectric power plants. A residential cohort study in the geothermal area of Mt. Amiata Tuscany. Sci Total Environ. 2019;659:973\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.363.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"6","key":"824_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-020-01522-9","volume":"93","author":"D Nuvolone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nuvolone D, Petri D, Biggeri A, et al. Health effects associated with short-term exposure to hydrogen sulfide from geothermal power plants: a case-crossover study in the geothermal areas in Tuscany. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2020;93(6):669\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-020-01522-9.","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"824_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/27.1.10","volume":"27","author":"MN Bates","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bates MN, Garrett N, Graham B, Read D. Cancer incidence, morbidity and geothermal air pollution in rotorua, new Zealand. Int J Epidemiol. 1998;27(1):10\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/27.1.10.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"824_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12160","volume":"97","author":"AM Masmali","year":"2014","unstructured":"Masmali AM, Purslow C, Murphy PJ. The tear ferning test: a simple clinical technique to evaluate the ocular tear film. Clin Exp Optom. 2014;97(5):399\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cxo.12160.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"1","key":"824_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.1.13","volume":"64","author":"X Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu X, Li G, Zuo YY. Effect of model tear film lipid layer on water evaporation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2023;64(1):13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.64.1.13.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"824_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2023.0077","volume":"37","author":"MS Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song MS, Lee Y, Paik HJ, Kim DH. A comprehensive analysis of the influence of temperature and humidity on dry eye disease. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2023;37(6):501\u201309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3341\/kjo.2023.0077.","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"824_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.5.25","volume":"9","author":"EJ Berg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berg EJ, Ying GS, Maguire MG, et al. Climatic and environmental correlates of dry eye disease severity: A report from the dry eye assessment and management (DREAM) study. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2020;9(5):25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.9.5.25.","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"824_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2023.101865","volume":"46","author":"R Martin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martin R, Group EMOR. Symptoms of dry eye related to the relative humidity of living places. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2023;46(4):101865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2023.101865.","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"5","key":"824_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.10.018","volume":"82","author":"D Zoukhri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zoukhri D. Effect of inflammation on lacrimal gland function. Exp Eye Res. 2006;82(5):885\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2005.10.018.","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"824_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173683","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2023.1173683","volume":"5","author":"S Patel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patel S, Mittal R, Kumar N, Galor A. The environment and dry eye-manifestations, mechanisms, and more. Front Toxicol. 2023;5:1173683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ftox.2023.1173683.","journal-title":"Front Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"824_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.9.2.235","volume":"9","author":"C-T Fan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fan C-T, Lin J-C, Lee C-H. Taiwan biobank: a project aiming to aid taiwan\u2019s transition into a biomedical Island. Pharmacogenomics. 2008;9(2):235\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/14622416.9.2.235.","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"824_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818574","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.818574","volume":"13","author":"JA Collister","year":"2022","unstructured":"Collister JA, Liu X, Clifton L. Calculating polygenic risk scores (PRS) in UK biobank: A practical guide for epidemiologists. Front Genet. 2022;13:818574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.818574.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"824_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1009021","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009021","volume":"17","author":"O Pain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pain O, Glanville KP, Hagenaars SP, et al. Evaluation of polygenic prediction methodology within a reference-standardized framework. PLoS Genet. 2021;17(5):e1009021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009021.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"824_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-128","volume":"14","author":"EY Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen EY, Tan CM, Kou Y, et al. Enrichr: interactive and collaborative HTML5 gene list enrichment analysis tool. BMC Bioinformatics. 2013;14(1):128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-14-128.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"W1","key":"824_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W90","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw377","volume":"44","author":"MV Kuleshov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuleshov MV, Jones MR, Rouillard AD, et al. Enrichr: a comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis web server 2016 update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44(W1):W90\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkw377.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"824_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e90","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.90","volume":"1","author":"Z Xie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xie Z, Bailey A, Kuleshov MV, et al. Gene set knowledge discovery with enrichr. Curr Protoc. 2021;1(3):e90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpz1.90.","journal-title":"Curr Protoc"},{"issue":"D1","key":"824_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D607","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1131","volume":"47","author":"D Szklarczyk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Szklarczyk D, Gable AL, Lyon D, et al. STRING v11: protein\u2013protein association networks with increased coverage, supporting functional discovery in genome-wide experimental datasets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;47(D1):D607\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gky1131.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"824_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s41512-019-0064-7","volume":"3","author":"AJ Vickers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vickers AJ, van Calster B, Steyerberg EW. A simple, step-by-step guide to interpreting decision curve analysis. Diagn Prognostic Res. 2019;3(1):18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41512-019-0064-7.","journal-title":"Diagn Prognostic Res"},{"issue":"11S","key":"824_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.07.010","volume":"124","author":"SC Pflugfelder","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pflugfelder SC, de Paiva CS. The pathophysiology of dry eye disease: what we know and future directions for research. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(11S):S4\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.07.010.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"824_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2016.09.003","volume":"15","author":"K Tsubota","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsubota K, Yokoi N, Shimazaki J, et al. New perspectives on dry eye definition and diagnosis: A consensus report by the Asia dry eye society. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(1):65\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2016.09.003.","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"5","key":"824_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.0139","volume":"134","author":"SH Hwang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hwang SH, Choi YH, Paik HJ, Wee WR, Kim MK, Kim DH. Potential importance of Ozone in the association between outdoor air pollution and dry eye disease in South Korea. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(5):503\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.0139.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"824_CR30","unstructured":"Nordstrom DK, Ball JW, McCleskey RB. Ground water to surface water: chemistry of thermal outflows in Yellowstone National park. Geothermal biology and geochemistry in Yellowstone National Park 2005:73\u201394."},{"issue":"1","key":"824_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.15586\/qas.v15i1.1210","volume":"15","author":"L-y Xia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xia L-y, Luo Z, Xu H-p, et al. Decoding Hippophae rhamnoides\u2019 action of mechanism in sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: A network Pharmacology and molecular Docking study. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 2023;15(1):207\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15586\/qas.v15i1.1210.","journal-title":"Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods"},{"key":"824_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657672","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.657672","volume":"8","author":"Z Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Z, Lv Y, He L, Wu S, Wu Z. Decreased CDKL2 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma predicts worse overall survival. Front Mol Biosci. 2021;8:657672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2021.657672.","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"824_CR33","first-page":"S61","volume":"95","author":"P Kosrirukvongs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kosrirukvongs P, Ngowyutagon P, Pusuwan P, Koolvisoot A, Nilganuwong S. Prevalence of dry eye syndrome and sjogren\u2019s syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012;95(Suppl 4):S61\u201369.","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"3","key":"824_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-11-3574","volume":"102","author":"L Tracey","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tracey L, Villuendas R, Dotor AM, et al. Mycosis fungoides shows concurrent deregulation of multiple genes involved in the TNF signaling pathway: an expression profile study. Blood. 2003;102(3):1042\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2002-11-3574.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"14","key":"824_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"DES158","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23756","volume":"59","author":"Y Uchino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Uchino Y. The ocular surface glycocalyx and its alteration in dry eye disease: A review. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59(14):DES158\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.17-23756.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"824_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.11.007","volume":"71","author":"C Baudouin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baudouin C, Rolando M, Del Benitez JM, et al. Reconsidering the central role of mucins in dry eye and ocular surface diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2019;71:68\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.11.007.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"824_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_3020_22","volume":"71","author":"N Ashok","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ashok N, Khamar P, D\u2019Souza S, et al. Ion channels in dry eye disease. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2023;71(4):1215\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_3020_22.","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"824_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017944","volume":"19","author":"Q Yang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yang Q, Khoury MJ. Evolving methods in genetic epidemiology. III. Gene-environment interaction in epidemiologic research. Epidemiol Rev. 1997;19(1):33\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017944.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"824_CR39","volume-title":"Modern epidemiology","author":"KJ Rothman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Modern epidemiology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1998.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"3","key":"824_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(91)90033-6","volume":"44","author":"WD Thompson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Thompson WD. Effect modification and the limits of biological inference from epidemiologic data. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44(3):221\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0895-4356(91)90033-6.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"824_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-023-01248-4","volume":"46","author":"PC Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang PC, Song QC, Chen CY, Su TC. Cardiovascular physiological effects of balneotherapy: focused on seasonal differences. Hypertens Res. 2023;46(7):1650\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41440-023-01248-4.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"}],"container-title":["Human Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40246-025-00824-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40246-025-00824-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40246-025-00824-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T07:47:37Z","timestamp":1761119257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/humgenomics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40246-025-00824-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40246-025-00824-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-7364"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-7364","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approvals were obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Taipei Veterans General Hospital with reference numbers 2023-01-006AC. All participants provided written informed consent. This study was conducted in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. Patients or the public WERE NOT involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of our research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"120"}}