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For TAS, additional approval from the Ministry of Education, local authorities, and Headmasters of the selected schools was obtained prior to the commencement of the surveys. All parents were informed of the TAS activity and provided consent, and the selected children were verbally informed of the procedures on the day of the survey. Those who did not want to participate were excluded. Approval was obtained from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Research Ethics Committee (Research Protocol 11.89R).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"56"}}