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Permission to conduct the study was also obtained from the district health offices and educational authorities. The parents or guardians of volunteered children gave their written informed consent before stool specimen collection. Participating children also gave their oral assent prior to the specimen collection. The study protocol for laboratory animal use was also reviewed and approved by the Ethical Review Board of Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University. The mice were handled in accordance with the procedures described by Smithers and Terry (1965). Children infected with <i>S. mansoni<\/i> and soil transmitted helminths were treated with a single dose of 40\u2009mg\/kg praziquantel and 400\u2009mg albendazole, respectively.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have provided consent for publication of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1"}}