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The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and risk factors related with <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> infection among HIV\/AIDS patients in Southwest China.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The cross-sectional study was performed in 311 HIV\/AIDS cases in Tengchong City, Yunnan Province from July 2016 to March 2017. For each subject, stool specimen was collected to detect the <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>, and the blood sample was used to detect HIV virus load and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell count, in addition, structured questionnaire was used to collect the basic information and risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The result showed that the detection rate of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> was 3.86% (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>: 2.22\u20136.62) among HIV\/AIDS patients. Both raising animal (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912.93, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>: 1.54\u2013108.36) and drinking un-boiled water (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098.17, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>: 1.76\u201337.90) were risk factors for <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> infection in HIV\/AIDS individuals. In addition, the interaction of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell count and HIV virus load was also contribution to <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> infection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A high prevalence of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> infection was found in HIV\/AIDS patients in Tengchong. Poor hygienic habits, the interaction of HIV virus load and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell count were identified as main risk factors for infection. These results will help us to develop efficient control strategies to intervene with and prevent the occurrence of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> among HIV-infected individuals.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-019-0596-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T05:40:32Z","timestamp":1571290832000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Risk factors for Blastocystis infection in HIV\/AIDS patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy in Southwest China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Shun-Xian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fen-Yan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0817-6943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Guang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan-Lan","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"596_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30647-9","volume":"19","author":"J Hemelaar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hemelaar J, Elangovan R, Yun J, Dickson-Tetteh L, Fleminger I, Kirtley S, Williams B, et al. 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Informed written consent was obtained from the subjects before collecting the stool samples and information.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"89"}}