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Owing to the different incidences in males and females, this study aims to analyze the features involved in the transmission of shigellosis among male (subscript\n                      <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and female (subscript\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) individuals using a newly developed sex-based model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The data of reported shigellosis cases were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention in Hubei Province from 2005 to 2017. A sex-based Susceptible\u2013Exposed\u2013Infectious\/Asymptomatic\u2013Recovered (SEIAR) model was applied to explore the dataset, and a sex-age-based SEIAR model was applied in 2010 to explore the sex- and age-specific transmissions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From 2005 to 2017, 130\u2009770 shigellosis cases (including 73\u2009981 male and 56\u2009789 female cases) were reported in Hubei Province. The SEIAR model exhibited a significant fitting effect with the shigellosis data (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u2009\u00a00.001). The median values of the shigellosis transmission were 2.3225\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                      for\n                      <jats:italic>SAR<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>mm<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      (secondary attack rate from male to male), 2.5729\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                      for\n                      <jats:italic>SAR<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>mf<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      , 2.7630\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>-8<\/jats:sup>\n                      for\n                      <jats:italic>SAR<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>fm<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      , and 2.1061\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>-8<\/jats:sup>\n                      for\n                      <jats:italic>SAR<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>ff<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      . The top five mean values of the transmission relative rate in 2010 (where the subscript 1 was defined as male and age\u2009\u2264\u20095\u2009years, 2 was male and age 6 to 59\u2009years, 3 was male and age\u2009\u2265\u200960\u2009years, 4 was female and age\u2009\u2264\u20095\u2009years, 5 was female and age 6 to 59\u2009years, and 6 was male and age\u2009\u2265\u200960\u2009years) were 5.76\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>-8<\/jats:sup>\n                      for\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>61<\/jats:sub>\n                      , 5.32\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>-8<\/jats:sup>\n                      for\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>31<\/jats:sub>\n                      , 4.01\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>-8<\/jats:sup>\n                      for\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>34<\/jats:sub>\n                      , 7.52\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>-9<\/jats:sup>\n                      for\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>62<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and 6.04\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>-9<\/jats:sup>\n                      for\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>64<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The transmissibility of shigellosis differed among male and female individuals. The transmissibility between the genders was higher than that within the genders, particularly female-to-male transmission. The most important route in children (age\u2009\u2264\u20095\u2009years) was transmission from the elderly (age\u2009\u2265\u200960\u2009years). Therefore, the greatest interventions should be applied in females and the elderly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-00654-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:05:31Z","timestamp":1587081931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Relative transmissibility of shigellosis among male and female individuals: a modeling study in Hubei Province, China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ze-Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikah Ngwanguong","family":"Hannah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian-Fa","family":"Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Rui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Jie","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan-Shan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing-Chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Li","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chen","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Hua","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben-Hua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-Mu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"654_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33296-8","volume":"391","author":"KL Kotloff","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kotloff KL, Riddle MS, Platts-Mills JA, Pavlinac P, Zaidi AKM. 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