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The risk of importation and spread of drug-resistant parasites need to be regularly assessed in this region. The objective of the study was to assess the recent malaria situation near the Mauritania-Mali border.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Between February 2015 and December 2017, patients with fever or history of fever during the previous 48\u2009h, presenting at the health centre of Kobeni city, were screened for malaria using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and microscopic examination of blood smears. The diagnosis was later confirmed by PCR. Cohen\u2019s kappa statistics was used to estimate the degree of agreement between diagnostic methods. Fisher\u2019s exact test was used to compare proportions. The odds ratio was calculated to measure the association between the use of bed nets and malaria infection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 2326 febrile patients (mean age, 20.2\u2009years) were screened for malaria. The presence of malaria parasites was detected by RDT and microscopy in 53.0% and 49.3% of febrile patients, respectively, and was confirmed by PCR in 59.7% (45 missing data). Of 1361 PCR-positive samples, 1205 (88.5%) were <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>, 47 (3.5%) <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>, and 99 (7.3%) <jats:italic>P. falciparum-P. vivax<\/jats:italic> mixed infection<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> Malaria transmission occurred mostly during and shortly after the rainy season. The annual rainfall was relatively low in 2016 (267\u2009mm) and 2017 (274\u2009mm), compared to 2015 (448\u2009mm), and coincided with a decline in malaria prevalence in 2016\u20132017. Although 71.8% of febrile patients reported to possess at least one bed net in the household in our questionnaire, its reported use was not protective against malaria infection (odds ratio: 1.1, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>: 0.91\u20131.32).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our study confirmed that <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> is the dominant species in the sahelian zone and that malaria transmission is seasonal and associated with rainfall in this zone. The application of the current national policy based on rapid and reliable malaria diagnosis, case management with artemisinin-based combination therapy, intermittent preventive treatment for pregnant women, distribution and use of long-lasting insecticide impregnated bed nets, and the planned introduction of seasonal malaria chemoprevention for all children under 6\u2009years old is expected to sustainably reduce malaria transmission in this zone.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-0634-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T00:03:57Z","timestamp":1581465837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Malaria epidemiology in Kobeni department, southeastern Mauritania from 2015 to 2017"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sileye Mamadou","family":"Diallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Bogreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasserdine","family":"Papa Mze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Salem","family":"Ould Ahmedou Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Lemine","family":"Ould Khairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Parola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Basco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"634_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0243","volume":"92","author":"MS Ould Ahmedou Salem","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ould Ahmedou Salem MS, Mint Lekweiry K, Mint Deida J, Ould Emouh A, Ould Weddady M, Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary A, et al. 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