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Although many school- and community-based epidemiological surveys were conducted over the past decades, the national distribution of schistosomiasis endemic areas and associated socio-environmental determinants remain less well understood. In this paper, we review<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>prevalence of infections and describe key biogeographical characteristics in the endemic areas in Ethiopia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed a database of<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>infection surveys in Ethiopia through a systematic review by searching articles published between 1975 and 2019 on electronic online databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. A total of 62 studies involving 95 survey locations were included in the analysis. We estimated adjusted prevalence of infection from each survey by considering sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests using Bayesian approach. All survey locations were georeferenced and associated environmental and geographical characteristics (e.g. elevation, normalized difference vegetation index, soil properties, wealth index, and climatic data) were described using descriptive statistics and meta-analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that the surveys exhibited a wide range of adjusted prevalence of infections from 0.5% to 99.5%, and 36.8% of the survey sites had adjusted prevalence of infection higher than 50%.<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>endemic areas were distributed in six regional states with the majority of surveys being in Amhara and Oromia. Endemic sites were found at altitudes from 847.6 to 3141.8\u00a0m above sea level, annual mean temperatures between 17.9 and 29.8\u00a0\u2103, annual cumulative precipitation between 1400 and 1898\u00a0mm, normalized difference vegetation index between 0.03 and 0.8, wealth index score between \u201368 857 and 179 756; and sand, silt, and clay fraction in soil between 19.1\u201347.2, 23.0\u201336.7, and 20.0\u201352.8\u00a0g\/100\u00a0g, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The distribution of<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>endemic areas and prevalence of infections exhibit remarked environmental and ecological heterogeneities. Future research is needed to understand how much these heterogeneities drive the parasite distribution and transmission in the region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Graphic Abstract<\/jats:title><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-021-00864-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T13:07:12Z","timestamp":1623071232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Biogeographical characteristics of Schistosoma mansoni endemic areas in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2228-8856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keerati","family":"Ponpetch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berhanu","family":"Erko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teshome","family":"Bekana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"864_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04600-0","volume":"14","author":"R Maddren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maddren R, Phillips A, Ower A, Landeryou T, Mengistu B, Anjulo U, et al. 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