{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:40:31Z","timestamp":1790714431869,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-17-CE17-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-17-CE17-0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect Dis Poverty"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>While malaria morbidity and mortality have declined since 2000, viral central nervous system infections appear to be an important, underestimated cause of coma in malaria-endemic Eastern Africa. We aimed to describe the etiology of non-traumatic comas in young children in Benin, as well as their management and early outcomes, and to identify factors associated with death.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>From March to November 2018, we enrolled all HIV-negative children aged between 2 and 6\u00a0years, with a Blantyre Coma Score\u2009\u2264\u20092, in this prospective observational study. Children were screened for malaria severity signs and assessed using a systematic diagnostic protocol, including blood cultures, malaria diagnostics, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis using multiplex PCR. To determine factors associated with death, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>From 3244 admissions, 84 children were included: malaria was diagnosed in 78, eight of whom had a viral or bacterial co-infection. Six children had a non-malarial infection or no identified cause. The mortality rate was 29.8% (25\/84), with 20 children dying in the first 24\u00a0h. Co-infected children appeared to have a poorer prognosis. Of the 76 children who consulted a healthcare professional before admission, only 5 were prescribed adequate antimalarial oral therapy. Predictors of early death were jaundice or increased bilirubin [odd ratio\u00a0(<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>)=\u20098.6; 95% confidential interval (<jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>): 2.03\u201336.1] and lactate\u2009&gt;\u20095\u00a0mmol\/L (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095.1; 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>: 1.49\u201317.30). Antibiotic use before admission (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> =\u00a00.1; 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>: 0.02\u20130.85) and vaccination against yellow fever (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.2, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>: 0.05\u20130.79) protected against mortality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Infections were found in all children who died, and cerebral malaria was by far the most common cause of non-traumatic coma. Missed opportunities to receive early effective antimalarial treatment were common. Other central nervous system infections must be considered in their management. Some factors that proved to be protective against early death were unexpected.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-022-00956-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T11:03:01Z","timestamp":1647255781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Non-traumatic coma in young children in Benin: are viral and bacterial infections gaining ground on cerebral malaria?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7381-9808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josselin","family":"Brisset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Angendu Baki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Watier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elis\u00e9e","family":"Kinkp\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Bailly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Ay\u00e9dadjou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maroufou Jules","family":"Alao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Dossou-Dagba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwladys I.","family":"Bertin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Cot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farid","family":"Boum\u00e9di\u00e8ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Ajzenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agn\u00e8s","family":"Aubouy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Houz\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Faucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"NeuroCM Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dissou","family":"Affolabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Argy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bibiane","family":"Biokou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Eudes","family":"Degbelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Calavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Benin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Deloron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latifou","family":"Dramane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Fraering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Guillochon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayeh","family":"Jafari-Guemouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludivine","family":"Houz\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Joste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Kamaliddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Labrunie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y\u00e9l\u00e9","family":"Ladipo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lathiere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achille","family":"Massougbodji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Mowendabeka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Papin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Pipy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Marie","family":"Preux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Raymondeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Royo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darius","family":"Sossou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Techer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertin","family":"Vianou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"956_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0263-6","volume":"13","author":"K Maitland","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maitland K. Management of severe paediatric malaria in resource-limited settings. BMC Med. 2015;13:42.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"956_CR2","volume":"12","author":"AM Abdullahi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdullahi AM, Sarmast ST, Jahan N. Viral infections of the central nervous system in children: a systematic review. Cureus. 2020;12: e11174.","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"956_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1179\/2046905513Y.0000000068","volume":"33","author":"S Gwer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gwer S, Chacha C, Newton CR, Idro R. Childhood acute non-traumatic coma: aetiology and challenges in management in resource-poor countries of Africa and Asia. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2013;33:129\u201338.","journal-title":"Paediatr Int Child Health"},{"key":"956_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-014-2391-6","volume":"173","author":"JM Hilberath","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hilberath JM, Schmidt H, Wolf GK. Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT): case report of reversible coma and status epilepticus in an adolescent patient and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr. 2014;173:1263\u201373.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"956_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/nm986","volume":"10","author":"TE Taylor","year":"2004","unstructured":"Taylor TE, Fu WJ, Carr RA, Whitten RO, Mueller JS, Fosiko NG, et al. Differentiating the pathologies of cerebral malaria by postmortem parasite counts. Nat Med. 2004;10:143\u20135.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"956_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4077","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S240162","volume":"13","author":"Z Alamarat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alamarat Z, Hasbun R. Management of acute bacterial meningitis in children. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;13:4077\u201389.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"956_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e153","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70060-3","volume":"1","author":"M Mallewa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mallewa M, Vallely P, Faragher B, Banda D, Klapper P, Mukaka M, et al. Viral CNS infections in children from a malaria-endemic area of Malawi: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Glob Health. 2013;1:e153-160.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"956_CR8","unstructured":"World Health Organization. World malaria report 2020: 20 years of global progress & challenges. World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2020. ISBN 978-92-4-001579-1 (electronic version). https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/9789240015791. Accessed 25 Apr 2021."},{"key":"956_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Q, Jing W, Kang L, Liu J, Liu M. Trends of the global, regional, and national incidence of malaria in 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 and implications for malaria prevention. J Travel Med. 2021;","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taab046"},{"key":"956_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31139-0","volume":"394","author":"RGA Feachem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feachem RGA, Chen I, Akbari O, Bertozzi-Villa A, Bhatt S, Binka F, et al. Malaria eradication within a generation: ambitious, achievable, and necessary. Lancet. 2019;394:1056\u2013112.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"956_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027378","volume":"9","author":"V Joste","year":"2019","unstructured":"Joste V, Maurice L, Bertin GI, Aubouy A, Boum\u00e9di\u00e8ne F, Houz\u00e9 S, et al. Identification of Plasmodium falciparum and host factors associated with cerebral malaria: description of the protocol for a prospective, case-control study in Benin (NeuroCM). BMJ Open. 2019;9: e027378.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"956_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02103","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02103-20","volume":"11","author":"V Joste","year":"2020","unstructured":"Joste V, Guillochon E, Fraering J, Vianou B, Watier L, Jafari-Guemouri S, et al. PfEMP1 A-Type ICAM-1-binding domains are not associated with cerebral malaria in beninese children. MBio. 2020;11:e02103-e2120.","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"956_CR13","first-page":"441","volume":"71","author":"ME Molyneux","year":"1989","unstructured":"Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Borgstein A. Clinical features and prognostic indicators in paediatric cerebral malaria: a study of 131 comatose Malawian children. Q J Med. 1989;71:441\u201359.","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"956_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70247-7","volume":"4","author":"R Idro","year":"2005","unstructured":"Idro R, Jenkins NE, Newton CRJC. Pathogenesis, clinical features, and neurological outcome of cerebral malaria. Lancet Neurol. 2005;4:827\u201340.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"956_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2004-330","volume":"51","author":"M Duyu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Duyu M, Karakaya Altun Z, Yildiz S. Nontraumatic coma in the pediatric intensive care unit: etiology, clinical characteristics and outcome. Turk J Med Sci. 2021;51:214\u201323.","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"956_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.85.4.303","volume":"85","author":"FJ Kirkham","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kirkham FJ. Non-traumatic coma in children. Arch Dis Childhood. 2001;85:303\u201312.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Childhood."},{"key":"956_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.200055","volume":"26","author":"T Fouri\u00e9","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fouri\u00e9 T, Luciani L, Amrane S, Zandotti C, Leparc-Goffart I, Ninove L, et al. Dengue virus Type 1 infection in traveler returning from Benin to France, 2019. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26:1946\u20139.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"956_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2020071","volume":"42","author":"IN Abdullahi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdullahi IN, Emeribe AU, Ghamba PE, Omosigho PO, Bello ZM, Oderinde BS, et al. Distribution pattern and prevalence of West Nile virus infection in Nigeria from 1950 to 2020: a systematic review. Epidemiol Health. 2020;42: e2020071.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health."},{"key":"956_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0962","volume":"103","author":"DG Postels","year":"2020","unstructured":"Postels DG, Osei-Tutu L, Seydel KB, Xu Q, Li C, Taylor TE, et al. Central nervous system virus infection in African children with cerebral malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;103:200\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"956_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-12-31","volume":"12","author":"J Church","year":"2014","unstructured":"Church J, Maitland K. Invasive bacterial co-infection in African children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a systematic review. BMC Med. 2014;12:31.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"956_CR21","unstructured":"WHO. Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK294440\/. Accessed 10 Jun 2021."},{"key":"956_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1613528","volume":"375","author":"K Maitland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maitland K. Severe malaria in African children\u2014the need for continuing investment. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:2416\u20137.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"956_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1080\/08880018.2019.1701161","volume":"37","author":"MT Hawkes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hawkes MT, Opoka RO, Conroy AL, Elphinstone RE, Hume HA, Namasopo S, et al. Anemia and transfusion requirements among Ugandan children with severe malaria treated with intravenous artesunate. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2020;37:140\u201352.","journal-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"956_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e789","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(20)30288-X","volume":"7","author":"H Ackerman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ackerman H, Ayestaran A, Olola CHO, Jallow M, Agbenyega T, Bojang K, et al. The effect of blood transfusion on outcomes among African children admitted to hospital with Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a prospective, multicentre observational study. Lancet Haematol. 2020;7:e789\u201397.","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"956_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003254","volume":"17","author":"JL Cohen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cohen JL, Leslie HH, Saran I, Fink G. Quality of clinical management of children diagnosed with malaria: a cross-sectional assessment in 9 sub-Saharan African countries between 2007\u20132018. PLoS Med. 2020;17: e1003254.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"956_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004769","volume":"49","author":"F Muttalib","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muttalib F, Gonz\u00e1lez-Dambrauskas S, Lee JH, Steere M, Agulnik A, Murthy S, et al. Pediatric emergency and critical care resources and infrastructure in resource-limited settings: a multicountry survey. Crit Care Med. 2021;49:671\u201381.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"956_CR27","unstructured":"WHO. TREATMENT OF SEVERE MALARIA. Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria. 3rd edition. World Health Organization; 2015. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK294445\/. Accessed 11 Jun 2021."},{"key":"956_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315:801\u201310.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"956_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006923","volume":"96","author":"M Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen M, Lu X, Hu L, Liu P, Zhao W, Yan H, et al. Development and validation of a mortality risk model for pediatric sepsis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96: e6923.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"956_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.08.011","volume":"25","author":"P Aaby","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aaby P, Benn CS. Developing the concept of beneficial non-specific effect of live vaccines with epidemiological studies. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019;25:1459\u201367.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"956_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.10.089","volume":"35","author":"G Pfeiffer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pfeiffer G, Fisker AB, Nebi\u00e9 E, Hengelbrock J, Si\u00e9 A, Becher H, et al. Non-specific effects of childhood vaccinations\u2014a case control study nested into a Health and Demographic Surveillance System in rural Burkina Faso. Vaccine. 2017;35:7114\u201320.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"956_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.07.034","volume":"34","author":"AB Fisker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fisker AB, Biering-S\u00f8rensen S, Lund N, Djana Q, Rodrigues A, Martins CL, et al. Contrasting female-male mortality ratios after routine vaccinations with pentavalent vaccine versus measles and yellow fever vaccine. A cohort study from urban Guinea-Bissau. Vaccine. 2016;34:4551\u20137.","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"container-title":["Infectious Diseases of Poverty"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40249-022-00956-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40249-022-00956-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40249-022-00956-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T11:26:14Z","timestamp":1647257174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/idpjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40249-022-00956-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40249-022-00956-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-9957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-9957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics approval for the NeuroCM study was obtained from <i>Comit\u00e9 National d\u2019Ethique pour la Recherche en sant\u00e9 of Benin<\/i> (n\u00b067\/MS\/DC\/SGM\/DRFMT\/CNERS\/SA; 10\/17\/2017). The NeuroCM study was approved by <i>Comit\u00e9 consultatif de d\u00e9ontologie et d\u2019\u00e9thique of Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement<\/i> (IRD; 10\/24\/2017). Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or guardians of the study participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"29"}}