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This review aimed to synthesize immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous immunisations with ChAd and BNT (mRNA-1273) vaccine compared with homologous ChAd or BNT (mRNA-1273) immunisation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched from inception to March 7, 2022. Immunogenicity involving serum antibodies against different SAS-CoV-2 fragments, neutralizing antibody, or spike-specific T cells response were compared. Any, local and systemic reactions were pooled by meta-analysis for comparison.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 14,571 records identified, 13 studies (3024 participants) were included for analysis. Compared with homologous BNT\/BNT vaccination, heterologous ChAd\/BNT schedule probably induced noninferior anti-spike protein while higher neutralizing antibody and better T cells response. Heterologous ChAd\/BNT (mRNA-1273) immunisation induced superior anti-spike protein and higher neutralizing antibody and better T cells response compared with homologous ChAd\/ChAd vaccination. Heterologous ChAd\/BNT (mRNA-1273) had similar risk of any reaction (\n                      <jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.30, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 0.86\u22121.96) while higher risk of local reactions (\n                      <jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.65, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 1.27\u22122.15) and systemic reactions (\n                      <jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.49, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 1.17\u22121.90) compared with homologous ChAd\/ChAd vaccination. There was a higher risk of local reactions (\n                      <jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.16, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 1.03\u22121.31) in heterologous ChAd\/BNT (mRNA-1273) vaccination compare with homologous BNT\/BNT but a similar risk of any reaction (\n                      <jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.03, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 0.79\u22121.34) and systemic reactions (\n                      <jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.89, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 0.60\u22121.30).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heterologous ChAd\/BNT schedule induced at least comparable immunogenicity compared with homologous BNT\/BNT and better immunogenicity compared with homologous ChAd\/ChAd vaccination. The synthetical evidence supported the general application of heterologous prime-boost vaccination using ChAd and BNT COVID-19 vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-022-00977-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T07:06:08Z","timestamp":1652425568000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Immunogenicity and safety of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost schedules with an adenoviral vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2863-7006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaye","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"977_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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