{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:42:41Z","timestamp":1787020961035,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n de la Investigaci\u00f3n, el Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico y la Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT 2017-4280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2017-4280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005746","name":"Universidad Nacional del Litoral","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAI+D orientado"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAI+D orientado"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005746","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect Dis Poverty"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leptospirosis is among the leading zoonotic causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Knowledge about spatial patterns of diseases and their underlying processes have the potential to guide intervention efforts. However, leptospirosis is often an underreported and misdiagnosed disease and consequently, spatial patterns of the disease remain unclear. In the absence of accurate epidemiological data in the urban agglomeration of Santa Fe, we used a knowledge-based index and cluster analysis to identify spatial patterns of environmental and socioeconomic suitability for the disease and potential underlying processes that shape them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We geocoded human leptospirosis cases derived from the Argentinian surveillance system during the period 2010 to 2019. Environmental and socioeconomic databases were obtained from satellite images and publicly available platforms on the web. Two sets of human leptospirosis determinants were considered according to the level of their support by the literature and expert knowledge. We used the Zonation algorithm to build a knowledge-based index and a clustering approach to identify distinct potential sets of determinants. Spatial similarity and correlations between index, clusters, and incidence rates were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We were able to geocode 56.36% of the human leptospirosis cases reported in the national epidemiological database. The knowledge-based index showed the suitability for human leptospirosis in the UA Santa Fe increased from downtown areas of the largest cities towards peri-urban and suburban areas. Cluster analysis revealed downtown areas were characterized by higher levels of socioeconomic conditions. Peri-urban and suburban areas encompassed two clusters which differed in terms of environmental determinants. The highest incidence rates overlapped areas with the highest suitability scores, the strength of association was low though (CSc\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.21,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and ESc\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.19,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a method to analyze the environmental and socioeconomic suitability for human leptospirosis based on literature and expert knowledge. The methodology can be thought as an evolutive and perfectible scheme as more studies are performed in the area and novel information regarding determinants of the disease become available. Our approach can be a valuable tool for decision-makers since it can serve as a baseline to plan intervention measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-022-01010-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T04:06:07Z","timestamp":1659585967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Determining the spatial distribution of environmental and socio-economic suitability for human leptospirosis in the face of limited epidemiological data"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Maximiliano A.","family":"Cristaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibault","family":"Catry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9a","family":"Pottier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Herbreteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8205-3872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Andrea","family":"Previtali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"1010_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003898","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003898","volume":"9","author":"F Costa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Costa F, Stein C, Torgerson P, Abela-Ridder B, Martinez-Silveira MS, Kane M, et al. Global morbidity and mortality of leptospirosis: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(9):e0003898.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03797-4","volume":"39","author":"KB Karpagam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karpagam KB, Ganesh B. Leptospirosis: a neglected tropical zoonotic infection of public health importance\u2014an updated review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39(5):835\u201346.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001","volume":"14","author":"PN Levett","year":"2001","unstructured":"Levett PN. Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol. 2001;14(2):296\u2013326.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1010_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.07.002","volume":"104","author":"C Lau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lau C, Smythe LD, Craig SB, Weinstein P. Climate change, flooding, urbanisation and leptospirosis: fuelling the fire? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2010;104(10):631\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.07.002.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"9","key":"1010_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003843","volume":"9","author":"MA Mwachui","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mwachui MA, Crump L, Hartskeerl R, Zinsstag J, Hattendorf J. Environmental and behavioural determinants of leptospirosis transmission: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(9):1\u201315.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"1010_CR6","series-title":"Current topics in microbiology, No. 387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45059-8_5","volume-title":"Leptospira and leptospirosis","author":"D Haake","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haake D, Levett P. Leptospirosis in humans. In: Adler B, editor. Leptospira and leptospirosis. Current topics in microbiology, No. 387. Springer: Berlin; 2015. p. 65\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-45059-8_5."},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12668","volume":"67","author":"JM Sanhueza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanhueza JM, Baker MG, Benschop J, Collins-Emerson JM, Wilson PR, Heuer C. Estimation of the burden of leptospirosis in New Zealand. Zoonoses Public Health. 2020;67(2):167\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12668.","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"1010_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004122","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004122","volume":"9","author":"PR Torgerson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Torgerson PR, Hagan JE, Costa F, Calcagno J, Kane M, Martinez-Silveira MS, et al. Global burden of leptospirosis: estimated in terms of disability adjusted life years. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(10):e0004122.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1010_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14060594","volume":"14","author":"CM Schneider","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schneider CM, Velasco-Hernandez J, Min KD, Leonel DG, Baca-Carrasco D, Gompper ME, et al. The use of chemoprophylaxis after floods to reduce the occurrence and impact of leptospirosis outbreaks. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(6):594.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1010_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2021.71","volume":"9","author":"MK Sreelakshmi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sreelakshmi MK, Kuruvilla S, Subramaniam R, Latti P, Venkitachalam R. An analysis of leptospirosis control in a flood-affected region of Kerala and the role of accredited social health activists - a questionnaire study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2021;9:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/dmp.2021.71 (Epub ahead of print).","journal-title":"Disaster Med Public Health Prep"},{"key":"1010_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.04.021","volume":"139","author":"S Hempel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hempel S, Burke R, Hochman M, Thompson G, Brothers A, Shin J, et al. Allocation of scarce resources in a pandemic: rapid systematic review update of strategies for policymakers. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021;139:255\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.04.021.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihv009","volume":"7","author":"JL Proctor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Proctor JL, Eckhoff PA. Discovering dynamic patterns from infectious disease data using dynamic mode decomposition. Int Health. 2015;7(2):139\u201345.","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12549","volume":"66","author":"PW Dhewantara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dhewantara PW, Lau CL, Allan KJ, Hu W, Zhang W, Mamun AA, et al. Spatial epidemiological approaches to inform leptospirosis surveillance and control: a systematic review and critical appraisal of methods. Zoonoses Public Health. 2019;66(2):185\u2013206.","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"1010_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-4-29","volume":"4","author":"MN Oliver","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oliver MN, Matthews KA, Siadaty M, Hauck FR, Pickle LW. Geographic bias related to geocoding in epidemiologic studies. Int J Health Geogr. 2005;4:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"key":"1010_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e95868","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095868","volume":"9","author":"TC Mueller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mueller TC, Siv S, Khim N, Kim S, Fleischmann E, Ariey F, et al. Acute undifferentiated febrile illness in rural Cambodia: a 3-year prospective observational study. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e95868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0095868.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63584","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063584","volume":"8","author":"SK Dickin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dickin SK, Schuster-Wallace CJ, Elliott SJ. Developing a vulnerability mapping methodology: applying the water-associated disease index to dengue in Malaysia. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(5):e63584.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-9","volume":"10","author":"WA De Glanville","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Glanville WA, Vial L, Costard S, Wieland B, Pfeiffer DU. Spatial multi-criteria decision analysis to predict suitability for African swine fever endemicity in Africa. BMC Vet Res. 2014;10(1):1\u201314.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8040319","volume":"8","author":"Z Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li Z, Roux E, Dessay N, Girod R, Stefani A, Nacher M, et al. Mapping a knowledge-based malaria hazard index related to landscape using remote sensing: application to the cross-border area between French Guiana and Brazil. Remote Sens. 2016;8(4):319.","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-019-03820-z","volume":"100","author":"SE Spielman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spielman SE, Tuccillo J, Folch DC, Schweikert A, Davies R, Wood N, et al. Evaluating social vulnerability indicators: criteria and their application to the Social Vulnerability Index. Nat Hazards. 2020;100(1):417\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11069-019-03820-z.","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"issue":"8","key":"1010_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s12524-020-01140-5","volume":"48","author":"S Saran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saran S, Singh P, Kumar V, Chauhan P. Review of geospatial technology for infectious disease surveillance: use case on COVID-19. J Indian Soc Remote Sens. 2020;48(8):1121\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12524-020-01140-5.","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Remote Sens"},{"key":"1010_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1175\/WCAS-D-19-0134.1","volume":"12","author":"F Paumgarten","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paumgarten F, Locatelli B, Witkowski ETF. Archetypes of climate-risk profiles among rural households in Limpopo, South Africa. Weather Clim Soc. 2020;12:545\u201360.","journal-title":"Weather Clim Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2010.11.005","volume":"21","author":"D Sietz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sietz D, L\u00fcdeke MKB, Walther C. Categorisation of typical vulnerability patterns in global drylands. Glob Environ Chang. 2011;21(2):431\u201340.","journal-title":"Glob Environ Chang"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217643","volume":"14","author":"C Naing","year":"2019","unstructured":"Naing C, Reid SA, Aye SN, Htet NH, Ambu S. Risk factors for human leptospirosis following flooding: a meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(5):1\u201315.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"42","key":"1010_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.5752\/P.2318-2962.2014v24n42p169","volume":"24","author":"NJ G\u00f3mez","year":"2014","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez NJ, Vel\u00e1zquez GA. Calidad de vida y crecimiento demogr\u00e1fico en el Gran Santa Fe \/ Quality of life and demographic growth in the Santa Fe Metropolitan Area. Cad Geogr. 2014;24(42):169\u201397.","journal-title":"Cad Geogr"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006470","volume":"12","author":"T Ricardo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ricardo T, Bergero LC, Bulgarella EP, Previtali MA. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding leptospirosis among residents of riverside settlements of Santa Fe, Argentina. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(5):1\u201319.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.06.007","volume":"107","author":"NB Vanasco","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vanasco NB, Schmeling MF, Lottersberger J, Costa F, Ko AI, Tarabla HD. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of human leptospirosis in Argentina (1999\u20132005). Acta Trop. 2008;107(3):255\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-36342012000500010","volume":"54","author":"NB Vanasco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vanasco NB, Schmeling MF, Chiani Y, Lottersberger J, Tarabla HD. Diagn\u00f3stico de leptospirosis humana: Evaluaci\u00f3n de la aglutinaci\u00f3n macrosc\u00f3pica en diferentes etapas de la enfermedad. Salud Publica Mex. 2012;54(5):530\u20136.","journal-title":"Salud Publica Mex"},{"key":"1010_CR28","unstructured":"INDEC. Censo Nacional de Poblaci\u00f3n, Hogares y Viviendas 2010; Provincia de Santa Fe. 2020. https:\/\/www.santafe.gov.ar\/index.php\/web\/content\/view\/full\/163622\/(subtema)\/93664. Accessed 27 Oct 2020."},{"key":"1010_CR29","unstructured":"National Meteorological Services. The weather of Argentina. https:\/\/www.smn.gob.ar\/clima\/atlasclimatico. Accessed 27 Oct 2020."},{"key":"1010_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-078X2004000200011","volume":"77","author":"V Arzamendia","year":"2004","unstructured":"Arzamendia V, Giraudo A. Usando patrones de biodiversidad para la evaluaci\u00f3n y dise\u00f1o de \u00e1reas protegidas\u202f: las serpientes de la provincia de Santa Fe ( Argentina ) como ejemplo. Rev Chil Hist Nat. 2004;77:335\u201348.","journal-title":"Rev Chil Hist Nat"},{"key":"1010_CR31","unstructured":"Cabrera AL. Regiones fitogeogr\u00e1ficas argentinas. In: Enciclopedia Argentina de Agricultura y Jardiner\u00eda, Tomo II. ACME: Buenos Aires;1994. p. 1\u201385."},{"key":"1010_CR32","first-page":"37","volume":"23","author":"MM Cardoso","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cardoso MM. Contraurbanizaci\u00f3n en el \u00e1rea metropolitana de Santa Fe, Argentina. Contrib Cient\u00edficas GAEA. 2011;23:37\u201350.","journal-title":"Contrib Cient\u00edficas GAEA"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.15446\/rcdg.v21n1.23530","volume":"21","author":"NJ G\u00f3mez","year":"2012","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez NJ, Natera Rivas JJ. Diferenciaci\u00f3n residencial de los aglomerados mayores de la regi\u00f3n centro de Argentina. Cuad Geogr Rev Colomb Geogr. 2012;21(1):11\u201326.","journal-title":"Cuad Geogr Rev Colomb Geogr"},{"key":"1010_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2012.11.005","volume":"39","author":"E Banzhaf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Banzhaf E, Reyes-Paecke S, M\u00fcller A, Kindler A. Do demographic and land-use changes contrast urban and suburban dynamics? A sophisticated reflection on Santiago de Chile. Habitat Int. 2013;39:179\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.habitatint.2012.11.005.","journal-title":"Habitat Int"},{"key":"1010_CR35","unstructured":"MSAL. Enfermedades infecciosas: Leptospirosis. Diagn\u00f3stico de leptospirosis. Gu\u00eda para el equipo de salud. Ministerio de Salud de la Naci\u00f3n. 2014;9:1\u201348."},{"key":"1010_CR36","unstructured":"Hijmans RJ. raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling. R package version 3.0\u201312. 2020. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=raster."},{"key":"1010_CR37","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R foundation for statistical computing; 2020. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/0960312002001500","volume":"10","author":"C Barcellos","year":"2000","unstructured":"Barcellos C, Sabroza PC. Socio-environmental determinants of the leptospirosis outbreak of 1996 in western Rio de Janeiro: a geographical approach. Int J Environ Health Res. 2000;10(4):301\u201313.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004275","volume":"10","author":"JE Hagan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hagan JE, Moraga P, Costa F, Capian N, Ribeiro GS, Wunder EA, et al. Spatiotemporal determinants of urban leptospirosis transmission: four-year prospective cohort study of slum residents in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(1):1\u201316.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"1010_CR40","unstructured":"Copernicus Open Access Hub. 2019. https:\/\/scihub.copernicus.eu\/dhus\/#\/home. Accessed 27 Jan 2019."},{"key":"1010_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filipponi F. Sentinel-1 GRD Preprocessing Workflow. In Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Proceedings. 2019;18(1):11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ECRS-3-06201"},{"issue":"8","key":"1010_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2010.03.002","volume":"114","author":"O Hagolle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hagolle O, Huc M, Pascual DV, Dedieu G. A multi-temporal method for cloud detection, applied to FORMOSAT-2, VEN\u03bcS, LANDSAT and SENTINEL-2 images. Remote Sens Environ. 2010;114(8):1747\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2010.03.002.","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70302668","volume":"7","author":"O Hagolle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hagolle O, Huc M, Pascual DV, Dedieu G. A multi-temporal and multi-spectral method to estimate aerosol optical thickness over land, for the atmospheric correction of FormoSat-2, LandSat, VEN\u03bcS and Sentinel-2 images. Remote Sens. 2015;7(3):2668\u201391.","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"issue":"23","key":"1010_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9026","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2019.1624869","volume":"40","author":"F Bioresita","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bioresita F, Puissant A, Stumpf A, Malet JP. Fusion of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 image time series for permanent and temporary surface water mapping. Int J Remote Sens. 2019;40(23):9026\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01431161.2019.1624869.","journal-title":"Int J Remote Sens"},{"issue":"13","key":"1010_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12132073","volume":"12","author":"M Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang M, Jin S. Rapid flood mapping and evaluation with a supervised classifier and change detection in Shouguang using Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical data. Remote Sens. 2020;12(13):2073.","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"issue":"B3","key":"1010_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2020-641-2020","volume":"43","author":"B Tavus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tavus B, Kocaman S, Nefeslioglu HA, Gokceoglu C. A fusion approach for flood mapping using sentinel-1 and sentinel-2 datasets. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci - ISPRS Arch. 2020;43(B3):641\u20138.","journal-title":"Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci - ISPRS Arch"},{"issue":"10","key":"1010_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.04617","volume":"42","author":"MHK Hesselbarth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hesselbarth MHK, Sciaini M, With KA, Wiegand K, Nowosad J. landscapemetrics: an open-source R tool to calculate landscape metrics. Ecography. 2019;42(10):1648\u201357.","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0178071","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178071","volume":"12","author":"A D\u2019Errico","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u2019Errico A, Ricceri F, Stringhini S, Carmeli C, Kivimaki M, Bartley M, et al. Socioeconomic indicators in epidemiologic research: a practical example from the LIFEPATH study. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(5):e0178071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0178071.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1010_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.11.068","volume":"130","author":"A Casanovas-Massana","year":"2018","unstructured":"Casanovas-Massana A, Costa F, Riediger IN, Cunha M, de Oliveira D, Mota DC, et al. Spatial and temporal dynamics of pathogenic Leptospira in surface waters from the urban slum environment. Water Res. 2018;130:176\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2017.11.068.","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"1010_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138251","volume":"725","author":"PW Dhewantara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dhewantara PW, Zhang W, Al Mamun A, Yin WW, Ding F, Guo D, et al. Spatial distribution of leptospirosis incidence in the Upper Yangtze and Pearl River Basin, China: tools to support intervention and elimination. Sci Total Environ. 2020;725:138251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138251.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"1010_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.12.010","volume":"178","author":"B Garba","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garba B, Bahaman AR, Bejo SK, Zakaria Z, Mutalib AR, Bande F. Major epidemiological factors associated with leptospirosis in Malaysia. Acta Trop. 2018;178:242\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.12.010.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004405","volume":"10","author":"CL Lau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lau CL, Watson CH, Lowry JH, David MC, Craig SB, Wynwood SJ, et al. Human leptospirosis infection in Fiji: an eco-epidemiological approach to identifying risk factors and environmental drivers for transmission. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(1):1\u201325.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e223","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30066-4","volume":"2","author":"HJ Mayfield","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mayfield HJ, Lowry JH, Watson CH, Kama M, Nilles EJ, Lau CL. Use of geographically weighted logistic regression to quantify spatial variation in the environmental and sociodemographic drivers of leptospirosis in Fiji: a modelling study. Lancet Planet Health. 2018;2(5):e223\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30066-4.","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e228","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000228","volume":"2","author":"MS Carvalho","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carvalho MS, Ko AI, Tassinari WS, Mohr S, Ravines RR, Reis MG, et al. Impact of environment and social gradient on leptospira infection in urban slums. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008;2(4):e228.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2927","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002927","volume":"8","author":"RDM Felzemburgh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Felzemburgh RDM, Ribeiro GS, Costa F, Reis RB, Hagan JE, Melendez AXTO, et al. Prospective study of leptospirosis transmission in an urban slum community: role of poor environment in repeated exposures to the leptospira agent. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(5):e2927.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0245","volume":"88","author":"W Navegantes De Ara\u00fajo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Navegantes De Ara\u00fajo W, Finkmoore B, Ribeiro GS, Reis RB, Felzemburgh RDM, Hagan JE, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to leptospirosis among urban slum residents in Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013;88(2):359\u201363.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1179\/136485909X398221","volume":"103","author":"DSC Oliveira","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oliveira DSC, Guimar\u00e3es MJB, Portugal JL, Medeiros Z. The socio-demographic, environmental and reservoir factors associated with leptospirosis in an urban area of north-eastern Brazil. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2009;103(2):149\u201357.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006415","volume":"12","author":"AG Schneider","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schneider AG, Casanovas-Massana A, Hacker KP, Wunder EA, Begon M, Reis MG, et al. Quantification of pathogenic Leptospira in the soils of a Brazilian urban slum. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(4):1\u201315.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2907.2003.00003.x","volume":"33","author":"PJ Baker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baker PJ, Ansell RJ, Dodds PAA, Webber CE, Harris S. Factors affecting the distribution of small mammals in an urban area. Mamm Rev. 2003;33(1):95\u2013100.","journal-title":"Mamm Rev"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1010_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2008.10.017","volume":"90","author":"R Cavia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cavia R, Cueto GR, Su\u00e1rez OV. Changes in rodent communities according to the landscape structure in an urban ecosystem. Landsc Urban Plan. 2009;90(1\u20132):11\u20139.","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-013-1033-6","volume":"100","author":"J Theuerkauf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Theuerkauf J, Perez J, Taugamoa A, Niutoua I, Labrousse D, Gula R, et al. Leptospirosis risk increases with changes in species composition of rat populations. Naturwissenschaften. 2013;100(4):385\u20138.","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"issue":"13","key":"1010_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00507-18","volume":"84","author":"A Casanovas-Massana","year":"2018","unstructured":"Casanovas-Massana A, Pedra GG, Wunder EA, Diggle PJ, Begon M, Ko AI. Quantification of Leptospira interrogans survival in soil and water microcosms. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2018;84(13):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1010_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13306","volume":"66","author":"M Jara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jara M, Escobar LE, Rodriges RO, Frias-De-Diego A, Sanhueza J, Machado G. Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteen Leptospira serovars in a subtropical region of Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2019;66(6):2482\u201395.","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"1010_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0236007","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236007","volume":"15","author":"LH Nau","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nau LH, Obiegala A, Kr\u00f3l N, Mayer-Scholl A, Pfeffer M. Survival time of Leptospira kirschneri serovar Grippotyphosa under different environmental conditions. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(7):e0236007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0236007.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12414","volume":"52","author":"S Morand","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morand S, Bordes F, Blasdell K, Pilosof S, Cornu JF, Chaisiri K, et al. Assessing the distribution of disease-bearing rodents in human-modified tropical landscapes. J Appl Ecol. 2015;52(3):784\u201394.","journal-title":"J Appl Ecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.1886","volume":"29","author":"S Morand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morand S, Blasdell K, Bordes F, Buchy P, Carcy B, Chaisiri K, et al. Changing landscapes of Southeast Asia and rodent-borne diseases: decreased diversity but increased transmission risks. Ecol Appl. 2019;29(4):1\u201315.","journal-title":"Ecol Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227055","volume":"15","author":"E Bierque","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bierque E, Thibeaux R, Girault D, Soup\u00e9-Gilbert ME, Goarant C. A systematic review of Leptospira in water and soil environments. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(1):1\u201322.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-015-0836-4","volume":"71","author":"G Andre-Fontaine","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andre-Fontaine G, Aviat F, Thorin C. Waterborne Leptospirosis: survival and preservation of the virulence of pathogenic Leptospira spp. fresh water. Curr Microbiol. 2015;71(1):136\u201342.","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1010_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-020-02128-7","volume":"77","author":"E Bierque","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bierque E, Soup\u00e9-Gilbert ME, Thibeaux R, Girault D, Guentas L, Goarant C. Leptospira interrogans retains direct virulence after long starvation in water. Curr Microbiol. 2020;77(10):3035\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00284-020-02128-7.","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR70","first-page":"123","volume":"3","author":"S Khairani-Bejo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Khairani-Bejo S, Bahahman A, Zamri-Saad M, Mutalib A. The survival of Leptospira interrogans Serovar Hardjo in the Malaysian environment. J Anim Vet Adv. 2004;3(3):123\u20139.","journal-title":"J Anim Vet Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR71","first-page":"35","volume":"7","author":"G Trueba","year":"2004","unstructured":"Trueba G, Zapata S, Madrid K, Cullen P, Haake D. Cell aggregation: a mechanism of pathogenic Leptospira to survive in fresh water. Int Microbiol. 2004;7(1):35\u201340.","journal-title":"Int Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2012.07348.x","volume":"36","author":"CF Dormann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dormann CF, Elith J, Bacher S, Buchmann C, Carl G, Carr\u00e9 G, et al. Collinearity: a review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance. Ecography. 2013;36(1):27\u201346.","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"1010_CR73","unstructured":"Naimi B. usdm: Uncertainty analysis for species distribution models. R package version 1.1\u201315. 2015. http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=usdm."},{"issue":"1575","key":"1010_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3164","volume":"272","author":"A Moilanen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moilanen A, Franco AMA, Early RI, Fox R, Wintle B, Thomas CD. Prioritizing multiple-use landscapes for conservation: methods for large multi-species planning problems. Proc R Soc B-Biol Sci. 2005;272(1575):1885\u201391.","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B-Biol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.20.2.71","volume":"20","author":"KC Calman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Calman KC. The ethics of allocation of scarce health care resources: a view from the centre. J Med Ethics. 1994;20(2):71\u20134.","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"1010_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2006.09.008","volume":"134","author":"A Moilanen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moilanen A. Landscape Zonation, benefit functions and target-based planning: unifying reserve selection strategies. Biol Conserv. 2007;134:571\u20139.","journal-title":"Biol Conserv"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1080\/17565529.2018.1442804","volume":"11","author":"M Vidal Merino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vidal Merino M, Sietz D, Jost F, Berger U. Archetypes of climate vulnerability: a mixed-method approach applied in the Peruvian Andes. Clim Dev. 2019;11(5):418\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17565529.2018.1442804.","journal-title":"Clim Dev"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-263X.2011.00190.x","volume":"4","author":"A Moilanen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moilanen A, Leathwick JR, Quinn JM. Spatial prioritization of conservation management. Conserv Lett. 2011;4(5):383\u201393.","journal-title":"Conserv Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.101","volume":"2","author":"H Abdi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abdi H, Williams LJ. Principal component analysis. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Stat. 2010;2(4):433\u201359.","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Stat"},{"key":"1010_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09645299400000003","volume-title":"Statistique exploratoire multidimensionnelle","author":"L Lebart","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lebart L, Morineau A, Piron M. Statistique exploratoire multidimensionnelle. Paris: Dunod; 1995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09645299400000003."},{"key":"1010_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Husson F, Josse J, Pages J. Principal component methods\u2014hierarchical clustering\u2014partitioning clustering: why would we need to choose for visualizing data? Tech Rep Appl Math Dep. 2010;17\u201326.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIIC.2010.31"},{"issue":"6","key":"1010_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v061.i06","volume":"61","author":"M Charrad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Charrad M, Ghazzali N, Boiteau V, Niknafs A. Nbclust: an R package for determining the relevant number of clusters in a data set. J Stat Softw. 2014;61(6):1\u201336.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2004.11.013","volume":"21","author":"H Visser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Visser H, De Nijs T. Map comparison kit. Environ Model Softw. 2006;21(3):346\u201358.","journal-title":"Environ Model Softw"},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810210157822","volume":"17","author":"A Hagen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hagen A. Fuzzy set approach to assessing similarity of categorical maps. Int J Geogr Inf Sci. 2003;17(3):235\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13658810210157822.","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"key":"1010_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-5-57","volume":"5","author":"ACA Clements","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clements ACA, Pfeiffer DU, Martin V. Application of knowledge-driven spatial modelling approaches and uncertainty management to a study of Rift Valley fever in Africa. Int J Health Geogr. 2006;5:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR86","first-page":"63","volume":"19","author":"GN Javier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Javier GN. Segregaci\u00f3n residencial en el Gran Santa Fe a comienzos del siglo XXI. Bitacora Urbano Territ. 2011;19(2):63\u201373.","journal-title":"Bitacora Urbano Territ"},{"key":"1010_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098020910873","author":"C Connolly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Connolly C, Keil R, Ali SH. Extended urbanisation and the spatialities of infectious disease: demographic change, infrastructure and governance. Urban Stud. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0042098020910873.","journal-title":"Urban Stud"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-2427.12381","volume":"40","author":"M Wolf","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wolf M. Rethinking urban epidemiology: natures, networks and materialities. Int J Urban Reg Res. 2016;40(5):958\u201382.","journal-title":"Int J Urban Reg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-016-0809-2","volume":"46","author":"T Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu T, Perrings C, Kinzig A, Collins JP, Minteer BA, Daszak P. Economic growth, urbanization, globalization, and the risks of emerging infectious diseases in China: a review. Ambio. 2017;46(1):18\u201329.","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.15446\/bitacora.v29n3.72212","volume":"29","author":"TL Beltramino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beltramino TL. Los desastres y la visibilizaci\u00f3n de los riesgos. Las inundaciones en Santa Fe, Argentina. Bit\u00e1cora Urbano Territ. 2019;29(3):165\u201373.","journal-title":"Bit\u00e1cora Urbano Territ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.15446\/bitacora.v29n2.65532","volume":"29","author":"MM Cardoso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cardoso MM. An approach to multi-territoriality in the rururban areas. Horticulturists in Santa Fe, Argentina, as a case study. Bitacora Urbano Territ. 2019;29(2):81\u20138.","journal-title":"Bitacora Urbano Territ"},{"key":"1010_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133651","volume":"694","author":"MS L\u00f3pez","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez MS, M\u00fcller GV, Lovino MA, G\u00f3mez AA, Sione WF, Pomares LA. Spatio-temporal analysis of leptospirosis incidence and its relationship with hydroclimatic indicators in northeastern Argentina. Sci Total Environ. 2019;694:133651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133651.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0922","volume":"98","author":"MF Mohd Radi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohd Radi MF, Hashim JH, Jaafar MH, Hod R, Ahmad N, Nawi AM, et al. Leptospirosis outbreak after the 2014 major flooding event in Kelantan, Malaysia: a spatial-temporal analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018;98(5):1281\u201395.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR94","first-page":"129","volume":"48","author":"A Dur\u00e1n","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dur\u00e1n A, Paris M, Maitre MI, Marino F. Diagn\u00f3stico ambiental en la zona del cintur\u00f3n hort\u00edcola de la ciudad de Santa Fe. Rev la Fac Ciencias Agrar. 2016;48(1):129\u201343.","journal-title":"Rev la Fac Ciencias Agrar"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR95","first-page":"13","volume":"70","author":"P Cloke","year":"1985","unstructured":"Cloke P. Counterurbanisation: a rural perspective. Geography. 1985;70(1):13\u201323.","journal-title":"Geography"},{"issue":"6 SPEC ISS","key":"1010_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2005.03.009","volume":"20","author":"RS Ostfeld","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ostfeld RS, Glass GE, Keesing F. Spatial epidemiology: an emerging (or re-emerging) discipline. Trends Ecol Evol. 2005;20(6 SPEC ISS):328\u201336.","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(03)00144-2","volume":"60","author":"NB Vanasco","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vanasco NB, Sequeira MD, Sequeira G, Tarabla HD. Associations between leptospiral infection and seropositivity in rodents and environmental characteristics in Argentina. Prev Vet Med. 2003;60(3):227\u201335.","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008222","volume":"14","author":"T Ricardo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ricardo T, Jacob P, Chiani Y, Schmeling MF, Cornejo P, Ojeda AA, et al. Seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies in rodents from riverside communities of Santa Fe, Argentina. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(4):1\u201314.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232020253.16442018","volume":"25","author":"MHM Martins","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martins MHM, Spink MJP. Human leptospirosis as a doubly neglected disease in Brazil. Cienc e Saude Coletiva. 2020;25(3):919\u201328.","journal-title":"Cienc e Saude Coletiva"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2007.03.008","volume":"63","author":"C B\u00f6hringer","year":"2007","unstructured":"B\u00f6hringer C, Jochem PEP. Measuring the immeasurable\u2014a survey of sustainability indices. Ecol Econ. 2007;63(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Ecol Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/00273170701836695","volume":"43","author":"D Steinley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Steinley D, Brusco MJ. A new variable weighting and selection procedure for K-means cluster analysis. Multivar Behav Res. 2008;43(1):77\u2013108.","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-019-0540-4","volume":"16","author":"AO Talisuna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Talisuna AO, Okiro EA, Yahaya AA, Stephen M, Bonkoungou B, Musa EO, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution of infectious disease epidemics, disasters and other potential public health emergencies in the World Health Organisation Africa region, 2016\u20132018. Glob Health. 2020;16(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"Glob Health"},{"key":"1010_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33381-3","volume":"8","author":"OS Baquero","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baquero OS, Machado G. Spatiotemporal dynamics and risk factors for human Leptospirosis in Brazil. Sci Rep. 2018;8:1\u201314.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1010_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2020.903","volume":"15","author":"AEP Silva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silva AEP, Chiaravalloti Neto F, Concei\u00e7\u00e3o GMS. Leptospirosis and its spatial and temporal relations with natural disasters in six municipalities of Santa Catarina, Brazil from 2000 to 2016. Geospat Health. 2020;15:225\u201335.","journal-title":"Geospat Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20377","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020377","volume":"6","author":"A Desvars","year":"2011","unstructured":"Desvars A, J\u00e9go S, Chiroleu F, Bourhy P, Cardinale E, Michault A. Seasonality of human Leptospirosis in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean) and its association with meteorological data. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(5):e20377.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.7589\/2014-10-245","volume":"52","author":"EU Andersen-Ranberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andersen-Ranberg EU, Pipper C, Jensen PM. Global patterns of Leptospira prevalence in vertebrate reservoir hosts. J Wildl Dis. 2016;52(3):468\u201377.","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-020-02028-2","volume":"65","author":"JD Gutierrez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gutierrez JD. Effects of meteorological factors on human leptospirosis in Colombia. Int J Biometeorol. 2020;65(2):257\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-020-02028-2 (Epub 2020\/10\/11).","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"1010_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.an.19.100190.000513","volume":"19","author":"MC Inborn","year":"1990","unstructured":"Inborn MC, Brown PJ. The anthropology of infectious disease. Annu Rev Anthr. 1990;19:89\u2013117.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anthr"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"1010_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00346-9","volume":"50","author":"JD Mayer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mayer JD. Geography, ecology and emerging infectious diseases. Soc Sci Med. 2000;50(7\u20138):937\u201352.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"1010_CR110","unstructured":"Openshaw S. The modifiable areal unit problem. In: Concepts and techniques in modern geography. Norwich: Geo Books; 1984. p. 60\u20139."},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2013.78","volume":"7","author":"RK Raghavan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raghavan RK, Brenner KM, Harrington JA, Higgins JJ, Harkin KR. Spatial scale effects in environmental risk-factor modelling for diseases. Geospat Health. 2013;7(2):169\u201382.","journal-title":"Geospat Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"1010_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/gec3.12465","volume":"13","author":"A Comber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Comber A, Zeng W. Spatial interpolation using areal features: a review of methods and opportunities using new forms of data with coded illustrations. Geogr Compass. 2019;13(10):1\u201323.","journal-title":"Geogr Compass"},{"issue":"9","key":"1010_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6736","volume":"112","author":"L Jarup","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jarup L. Health and environment information systems for exposure and disease mapping, and risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112(9):995\u20137.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"48","key":"1010_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.5752\/p.2318-2962.2017v27n48p156","volume":"27","author":"MM Cardoso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cardoso MM. Estudio de la vulnerabilidad socio-ambiental a trav\u00e9s de un \u00edndice sint\u00e9tico. Caso de distritos bajo riesgo de inundaci\u00f3n: Santa Fe, Recreo y Monte Vera, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Cuad Geogr. 2017;27(48):156\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5752\/p.2318-2962.2017v27n48p156.","journal-title":"Cuad Geogr"},{"key":"1010_CR115","first-page":"13","volume":"19","author":"N G\u00f3mez","year":"2015","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez N. Calidad de vida en el Gran Santa Fe: cambios, continuidades y dimensiones de an\u00e1lisis (2001 y 2010). Huellas. 2015;19:13\u201333.","journal-title":"Huellas"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.15446\/rcdg.v27n1.58740","volume":"27","author":"NJ G\u00f3mez","year":"2018","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez NJ, Vel\u00e1zquez GA. Asociaci\u00f3n entre los espacios verdes p\u00fablicos y la calidad de vida en el municipio de Santa Fe, Argentina. Cuad Geogr Rev Colomb Geogr. 2018;27(1):164\u201379.","journal-title":"Cuad Geogr Rev Colomb Geogr"},{"key":"1010_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.11137\/2018_2_351_357","volume":"41","author":"NS Represa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Represa NS, Sanchez Y, Porta A. Assessment of social vulnerability in Argentina using GIS. Development of a local index. Anu\u00e1rio do Inst Geoci\u00eancias\u2014UFRJ. 2018;41:351\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11137\/2018_2_351_357.","journal-title":"Anu\u00e1rio do Inst Geoci\u00eancias\u2014UFRJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2005.00350.x","volume":"168","author":"M Saisana","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saisana M, Saltelli A, Tarantola S. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis techniques as tools for the quality assessment of composite indicators. J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc. 2005;168(2):307\u201323.","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc"},{"key":"1010_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00fcllermeier E. Uncertainty in clustering and classification. In: International conference on scalable uncertainty management. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2010. p. 16\u20139.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15951-0_6"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2008.04.011","volume":"254","author":"S Marino","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marino S, Hogue IB, Ray CJ, Kirschner DE. A methodology for perfoming global uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in systems biology. J Theor Biol. 2008;254(1):178\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtbi.2008.04.011.","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2008.01072.x","volume":"28","author":"MC Schmidtlein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schmidtlein MC, Deutsch RC, Piegorsch WW, Cutter SL. A sensitivity analysis of the social vulnerability index. Risk Anal. 2008;28(4):1099\u2013114.","journal-title":"Risk Anal"},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.2521","volume":"33","author":"A McPherson","year":"2018","unstructured":"McPherson A, Hill PS, Kama M, Reid S. Exploring governance for a One Health collaboration for leptospirosis prevention and control in Fiji: stakeholder perceptions, evidence, and processes. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2018;33(3):677\u201389.","journal-title":"Int J Health Plann Manage"},{"key":"1010_CR123","unstructured":"WHO. Building bridges in preparedness: Report of a stakeholder consultation on national health security and pandemic influenza preparedness planning. Accra, Ghana, 5\u20137 December 2017. World Health Organization. 2019. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/325383. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO."},{"issue":"10","key":"1010_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.028662","volume":"60","author":"F Baum","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baum F, MacDougall C, Smith D. Participatory action research. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006;60(10):854\u20137.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"}],"container-title":["Infectious Diseases of Poverty"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40249-022-01010-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40249-022-01010-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40249-022-01010-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T14:21:28Z","timestamp":1727706088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/idpjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40249-022-01010-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40249-022-01010-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-9957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-9957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"86"}}