{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T18:36:14Z","timestamp":1793730974062,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSA2016S-1618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSA2016S-1618"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004441","name":"Styrelsen f\u00f6r Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSA2016S-1618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSA2016S-1618"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004441","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect Dis Poverty"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mass drug administration (MDA) program of albendazole to at-risk populations as preventive chemotherapy is the core public health intervention to control soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). Achieving this goal relies on drug effectiveness in reducing the parasite reservoirs in the community and preventing reinfection. We assessed the efficacy of albendazole against STH parasite infection and reinfection status after cure.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 984 schoolchildren infected with at least one type of STH parasite (hookworm<jats:italic>, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic>) in southern Ethiopia were enrolled and received albendazole and praziquantel in MDA campaign conducted from January to March 2019. Stool exams at week-4 and at week-8 of post-MDA were done using Kato Katz technique. The primary outcome was efficacy assessed by cure rate (CR) and fecal egg reduction rates (ERRs) at four weeks of post-MDA. The secondary outcome was reinfection status defined as parasite egg positivity at eight weeks among those who were cured at 4\u00a0weeks of post-MDA. Group comparisons in CR and related factors were assessed with chi-square or Fisher\u2019s exact tests. Predictors of CR were examined through univariate and multivariate regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The overall CR and ERR for hookworm infection were 97.2% (95% <jats:italic>CI <\/jats:italic>94.6\u201399.4) and 97.02%, respectively. The overall CR and ERR for <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> were\u00a071.5% (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\u00a068.3\u201374.6)\u00a0and 84.5% respectively. The overall CR and ERR and for <jats:italic>T. trichiura<\/jats:italic> were 49.5% (95% <jats:italic>CI <\/jats:italic>44.8\u201354.2) and 68.3%, respectively. The CR among moderate <jats:italic>T. trichiura<\/jats:italic> infection intensity was 28.6%. Among children cured of hookworm, <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. trichiura<\/jats:italic> at week 4 post-MDA, 4.6%, 18.3% and 52.4% became reinfected at week<jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>8 post-MDA, respectively. Significantly lower CR (36.6%) and higher reinfection after cure (60.6%) among <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. trichiura<\/jats:italic> coinfected children than <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> only (CR\u2009=\u200969.6%, reinfection rate\u2009=\u200915.1%) or <jats:italic>T. trichiura<\/jats:italic> only infected children (CR\u2009=\u200955.6%, reinfection rate\u2009=\u200947.1%) was observed. Pre-treatment coinfection with\u2009\u2265\u2009two types of STH parasites was significantly associated with re-infection after cure.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Albendazole MDA is efficacious against hookworm but has reduced efficacy against <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> and is not effective against <jats:italic>T. trichiura<\/jats:italic>. The low drug efficacy and high reinfection rate after cure underscore the need for alternative treatment and integration of other preventive measures to achieve the target of eliminating STHs as a public health problem by 2030.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-024-01176-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T04:37:39Z","timestamp":1705898259000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Reduced efficacy of single-dose albendazole against Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura, and high reinfection rate after cure among school children in southern Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tigist Dires","family":"Gebreyesus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyasu","family":"Makonnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tafesse","family":"Tadele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalkidan","family":"Mekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habtamu","family":"Gashaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heran","family":"Gerba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9788-0790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Aklillu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1176_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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