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Biodiversity can constrain the spread of vector-borne pathogens circulation, necessitating a deeper understanding of ecological mechanisms underlying this pattern. Our study evaluates the relative importance of biodiversity and the abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Bulinus truncatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a major intermediate host for the trematode\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      on the circulation of this human pathogen at aquatic transmission sites.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We combined mathematical modelling and a molecular based empirical study to specifically assess the effect of co-infections between\n                      <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and other trematodes within their\n                      <jats:italic>B. truncatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      snail hosts; and\n                      <jats:italic>B. truncatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      abundance at transmission sites, on the production of\n                      <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      infective cercariae stages released into the aquatic environment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our modelling approach shows that more competitive trematode species exploiting\n                      <jats:italic>B. truncatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      as an intermediate host at the transmission site level leads to higher co-infection rates within snail hosts, subsequently reducing the production of\n                      <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      cercariae. Conversely, an increase in\n                      <jats:italic>B. truncatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      abundance results in lower co-infection rates, and a higher proportion of\n                      <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      cercariae released into the environment. Our empirical data from the field support these findings, indicating a significant negative effect of local trematode species richness (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value\u2009=\u20090.029; AIC\u2009=\u200914.9) and co-infection rates (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value\u2009=\u20090.02, AIC\u2009=\u200917.4) on the dominance of S.\n                      <jats:italic>haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      based on our GLMM models, while\n                      <jats:italic>B. truncatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      abundance positively influences\n                      <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      dominance (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value\u2009=\u20090.047, AIC\u2009=\u200920.1).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our study highlights the importance of biodiversity in influencing the transmission of\n                      <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      through the effect of antagonistic interactions between trematodes within bulinid snail hosts. This effect intensifies when\n                      <jats:italic>B. truncatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      populations are low, promoting co-infections within snails. In line with the One Health concept, our results suggest that maintaining high level of freshwater biodiversity to sustain global trematode diversity at transmission sites can help reducing the circulation of\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                      species locally.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-024-01232-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:02:05Z","timestamp":1725926525000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The abundance of snail hosts mediates the effects of antagonist interactions between trematodes on the transmission of human schistosomes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6689-1710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Douchet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Haegeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Allienne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Boissier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Senghor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1232_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-014-0941-z","volume":"11","author":"NL Gottdenker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gottdenker NL, Streicker DG, Faust CL, Carroll CR. 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