{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:00:53Z","timestamp":1788235253957,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R01AI151004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI151004"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["RO1AI148300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1AI148300"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["RO1AI175152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1AI175152"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect Dis Poverty"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Genetic biocontrol interventions targeting mosquito-borne diseases require the release of male mosquitoes exclusively, as only females consume blood and transmit pathogens. Releasing only males eliminates the risk of increasing mosquito bites and spreading pathogens while enabling effective population control. The aim of this study is to develop robust sex-sorting methods for early larval stages in mosquitoes, enabling scalable male-only releases for genetic biocontrol interventions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To address the challenge of sex-sorting in the Asian malaria vector <jats:italic>Anopheles stephensi<\/jats:italic>, we engineer Sexing Element Produced by Alternative RNA-splicing of a Transgenic Observable Reporter (SEPARATOR). This dominant fluorescent-based method, previously proven effective in <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>, exploits sex-specific alternative splicing of a reporter to ensure exclusive male-specific expression early in development. The sex-specific alternative RNA splicing of the <jats:italic>doublesex<\/jats:italic> gene was selected as a target for engineering SEPARATOR due to its evolutionary conservation in insects. To expand SEPARATOR\u2019s applicability for genetic sexing, we assessed the cross-species sex-specific RNA splicing activity of the <jats:italic>An. gambiae doublesex<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>AngDsx<\/jats:italic>) splicing module in <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>. Male-specific enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression was verified throughout the mosquito life cycle using a fluorescent stereomicroscope.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results confirm that SEPARATOR regulates male-specific EGFP expression in <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic> and enables reliable positive male selection from the first instar larval stages. Molecular analysis demonstrates that male-specific EGFP expression is dependent on <jats:italic>doublesex<\/jats:italic> sex-specific splicing events. Additionally, the splicing module from <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic> operates effectively in <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>, demonstrating evolutionary conservation in sex-specific splicing events between these species.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>SEPARATOR\u2019s independence from sex-chromosome linkage provides resistance to\u00a0breakage that could be mediated by meiotic recombination and chromosomal rearrangements, making it highly suitable for mass male releases. By enabling precise male selection from the first instar larval stages, SEPARATOR represents a significant advancement that will aid in the genetic biocontrol for <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-024-01256-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T03:48:33Z","timestamp":1731296913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Establishing a dominant early larval\u00a0sex-selection strain in the Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shih-Che","family":"Weng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sammy","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Gerry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan Can","family":"Turksoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6853-9884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar S.","family":"Akbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1256_CR1","volume-title":"The mosquito: a human history of our deadliest predator","author":"TC Winegard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Winegard TC. The mosquito: a human history of our deadliest predator. London: Penguin; 2019."},{"key":"1256_CR2","volume-title":"Global technical strategy for malaria 2016\u20132030, 2021 update","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global technical strategy for malaria 2016\u20132030, 2021 update. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021."},{"key":"1256_CR3","volume-title":"World malaria report 2022","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022","unstructured":"World Health Organization. World malaria report 2022. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022."},{"key":"1256_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0834","volume":"93","author":"ML Wilson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wilson ML, Krogstad DJ, Arinaitwe E, Arevalo-Herrera M, Chery L, Ferreira MU, et al. Urban malaria: understanding its epidemiology, ecology, and transmission across seven diverse ICEMR network sites. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015;93:110\u201323.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1256_CR5","volume-title":"Global framework for the response to malaria in urban areas","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global framework for the response to malaria in urban areas. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022."},{"key":"1256_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2702.200019","volume":"27","author":"FG Tadesse","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tadesse FG, Ashine T, Teka H, Esayas E, Messenger LA, Chali W, et al. Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes as vectors of Plasmodium vivax and falciparum, Horn of Africa, 2019. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27:603\u20137.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1256_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02641-9","volume":"29","author":"T Emiru","year":"2023","unstructured":"Emiru T, Getachew D, Murphy M, Sedda L, Ejigu LA, Bulto MG, et al. Evidence for a role of Anopheles stephensi in the spread of drug- and diagnosis-resistant malaria in Africa. Nat Med. 2023;29:3203\u201311.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1256_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.03.009","volume":"37","author":"F Ishtiaq","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ishtiaq F, Swain S, Kumar SS. Anopheles stephensi (Asian malaria mosquito). Trends Parasitol. 2021;37:571\u20132.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"1256_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01569-6","volume":"402","author":"U Samarasekera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Samarasekera U. Climate change and malaria: predictions becoming reality. Lancet. 2023;402:361\u20132.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1256_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302089111","volume":"111","author":"C Caminade","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caminade C, Kovats S, Rocklov J, Tompkins AM, Morse AP, Col\u00f3n-Gonz\u00e1lez FJ, et al. Impact of climate change on global malaria distribution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111:3286\u201391.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1256_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18782-9","volume":"12","author":"BJ Mafwele","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mafwele BJ, Lee JW. Relationships between transmission of malaria in Africa and climate factors. Sci Rep. 2022;12:14392.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1256_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04682-4","volume":"22","author":"W Leal Filho","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leal Filho W, May J, May M, Nagy GJ. Climate change and malaria: some recent trends of malaria incidence rates and average annual temperature in selected sub-Saharan African countries from 2000 to 2018. Malar J. 2023;22:248.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1256_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2023.11.001","volume":"40","author":"SC Weng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Weng SC, Masri RA, Akbari OS. Advances and challenges in synthetic biology for mosquito control. Trends Parasitol. 2024;40:75\u201388.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"1256_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-031623-105059","volume":"57","author":"R Raban","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raban R, Marshall JM, Hay BA, Akbari OS. Manipulating the destiny of wild populations using CRISPR. Annu Rev Genet. 2023;57:361\u201390.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"1256_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20314-w","volume":"12","author":"G-H Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang G-H, Gamez S, Raban RR, Marshall JM, Alphey L, Li M, et al. Combating mosquito-borne diseases using genetic control technologies. Nat Commun. 2021;12:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1256_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.07.20.549762v3.abstract","author":"WAC Gendron","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gendron WAC, Raban R, Mondal A, S\u00e1nchez CHM, Smidler A, Zilberman D, et al. Cost-effectiveness of precision guided SIT for control of Anopheles gambiae in the Upper River Region, the Gambia. bioRxiv. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.07.20.549762v3.abstract.","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"1256_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2024.04.010","volume":"40","author":"M Kefi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kefi M, Cardoso-Jaime V, Saab SA, Dimopoulos G. Curing mosquitoes with genetic approaches for malaria control. Trends Parasitol. 2024;40:487\u201399.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"1256_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0014","volume":"10","author":"L Alphey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alphey L, Benedict M, Bellini R, Clark GG, Dame DA, Service MW, et al. Sterile-insect methods for control of mosquito-borne diseases: an analysis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2010;10:295\u2013311.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"1256_CR19","volume-title":"Sterile insect technique: principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management","author":"VA Dyck","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dyck VA, Hendrichs J, Robinson AS. Sterile insect technique: principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media; 2006."},{"key":"1256_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2312456121","volume":"121","author":"RA Apte","year":"2024","unstructured":"Apte RA, Smidler AL, Pai JJ, Chow ML, Chen S, Mondal A, et al. Eliminating malaria vectors with precision-guided sterile males. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2024;121: e2312456121.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1256_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4245","volume":"36","author":"K Kyrou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kyrou K, Hammond AM, Galizi R, Kranjc N, Burt A, Beaghton AK, et al. A CRISPR-Cas9 gene drive targeting doublesex causes complete population suppression in caged Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. Nat Biotechnol. 2018;36:1062\u20136.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"1256_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4983","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49387-7","volume":"15","author":"DA Haber","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haber DA, Arien Y, Lamdan LB, Alcalay Y, Zecharia C, Krsticevic F, et al. Targeting mosquito X-chromosomes reveals complex transmission dynamics of sex ratio distorting gene drives. Nat Commun. 2024;15:4983.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1256_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3977","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4977","volume":"5","author":"R Galizi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Galizi R, Doyle LA, Menichelli M, Bernardini F, Deredec A, Burt A, et al. A synthetic sex ratio distortion system for the control of the human malaria mosquito. Nat Commun. 2014;5:3977.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1256_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000291","volume":"4","author":"N Windbichler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Windbichler N, Papathanos PA, Crisanti A. Targeting the X chromosome during spermatogenesis induces Y chromosome transmission ratio distortion and early dominant embryo lethality in Anopheles gambiae. PLoS Genet. 2008;4: e1000291.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"1256_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0508-1","volume":"38","author":"A Simoni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Simoni A, Hammond AM, Beaghton AK, Galizi R, Taxiarchi C, Kyrou K, et al. A male-biased sex-distorter gene drive for the human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Nat Biotechnol. 2020;38:1054\u201360.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"1256_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-142","volume":"12","author":"O Marinotti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marinotti O, Jasinskiene N, Fazekas A, Scaife S, Fu G, Mattingly ST, et al. Development of a population suppression strain of the human malaria vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Malar J. 2013;12:142.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1256_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade8903","volume":"9","author":"AL Smidler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smidler AL, Pai JJ, Apte RA, S\u00e1nchez CHM, Corder RM, Jeffrey Guti\u00e9rrez E, et al. A confinable female-lethal population suppression system in the malaria vector. Sci Adv. 2023;9: eade8903.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"1256_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3217-6","volume":"11","author":"HRC de Ara\u00fajo","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Ara\u00fajo HRC, Kojin BB, Capurro ML. Sex determination and Aedes population control. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:644.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"8","key":"1256_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.06.001","volume":"35","author":"C Lutrat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lutrat C, Giesbrecht D, Marois E, Whyard S, Baldet T, Bouyer J. Sex sorting for pest control: it\u2019s raining men! Trends Parasitol. 2019;35(8):649\u201362.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"1256_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7600","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404996111","volume":"111","author":"F Bernardini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bernardini F, Galizi R, Menichelli M, Papathanos P-A, Dritsou V, Marois E, et al. Site-specific genetic engineering of the Anopheles gambiae Y chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111:7600\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1256_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1987.tb00321.x","volume":"1","author":"JD Lines","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lines JD, Myamba J, Curtis CF. Experimental hut trials of permethrin-impregnated mosquito nets and eave curtains against malaria vectors in Tanzania. Med Vet Entomol. 1987;1:37\u201351.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"1256_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1152","volume":"23","author":"F Catteruccia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Catteruccia F, Benton JP, Crisanti A. An Anopheles transgenic sexing strain for vector control. Nat Biotechnol. 2005;23:1414\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"1256_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021572","volume":"6","author":"K Magnusson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Magnusson K, Mendes AM, Windbichler N, Papathanos PA, Nolan T, Dottorini T, et al. Transcription regulation of sex-biased genes during ontogeny in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. PLoS ONE. 2011;6: e21572.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1256_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-302","volume":"11","author":"E Marois","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marois E, Scali C, Soichot J, Kappler C, Levashina EA, Catteruccia F. High-throughput sorting of mosquito larvae for laboratory studies and for future vector control interventions. Malar J. 2012;11:302.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1256_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1011065","volume":"19","author":"S-C Weng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weng S-C, Antoshechkin I, Marois E, Akbari OS. Efficient sex separation by exploiting differential alternative splicing of a dominant marker in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Genet. 2023;19: e1011065.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"1256_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-021-00963-z","volume":"19","author":"M Chakraborty","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chakraborty M, Ramaiah A, Adolfi A, Halas P, Kaduskar B, Ngo LT, et al. Hidden genomic features of an invasive malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, revealed by a chromosome-level genome assembly. BMC Biol. 2021;19:28.","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"1256_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-273","volume":"14","author":"AB Hall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hall AB, Qi Y, Timoshevskiy V, Sharakhova MV, Sharakhov IV, Tu Z. Six novel Y chromosome genes in Anopheles mosquitoes discovered by independently sequencing males and females. BMC Genom. 2013;14:273.","journal-title":"BMC Genom"},{"key":"1256_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3210-0","volume":"11","author":"W Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu W, Tu ZJ. Functional analysis of the promoter of an early zygotic gene KLC2 in Aedes aegypti. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:655.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"1256_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2674","volume":"288","author":"CQ Huynh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Huynh CQ, Zieler H. Construction of modular and versatile plasmid vectors for the high-level expression of single or multiple genes in insects and insect cell lines. J Mol Biol. 1999;288:13\u201320.","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"1256_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2012.01146.x","volume":"21","author":"S Martins","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martins S, Naish N, Walker AS, Morrison NI, Scaife S, Fu G, et al. Germline transformation of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., using the piggyBac transposable element. Insect Mol Biol. 2012;21:414\u201321.","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"key":"1256_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2020.103455","volume":"126","author":"X Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen X, Chereddy SCRR, Gurusamy D, Palli SR. Identification and characterization of highly active promoters from the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2020;126:103455.","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"1256_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2016.01.001","volume":"83","author":"PD Shirk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shirk PD, Furlong RB. Insect cell transformation vectors that support high level expression and promoter assessment in insect cell culture. Plasmid. 2016;83:12\u20139.","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"1256_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2021.1971440","volume":"18","author":"K Chae","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chae K, Valentin C, Jakes E, Myles KM, Adelman ZN. Novel synthetic 3\u2032-untranslated regions for controlling transgene expression in transgenic mosquitoes. RNA Biol. 2021;18:223\u201331.","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"1256_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049323","volume":"7","author":"M Masumoto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Masumoto M, Ohde T, Shiomi K, Yaginuma T, Niimi T. A Baculovirus immediate-early gene, ie1, promoter drives efficient expression of a transgene in both Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori. PLoS ONE. 2012;7: e49323.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1256_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01142-6","volume":"3","author":"PYL Tng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tng PYL, Carabajal Paladino L, Verkuijl SAN, Purcell J, Merits A, Leftwich PT, et al. Cas13b-dependent and Cas13b-independent RNA knockdown of viral sequences in mosquito cells following guide RNA expression. Commun Biol. 2020;3:413.","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"1256_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1071","volume":"23","author":"P Gong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gong P, Epton MJ, Fu G, Scaife S, Hiscox A, Condon KC, et al. A dominant lethal genetic system for autocidal control of the Mediterranean fruitfly. Nat Biotechnol. 2005;23:453\u20136.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"1256_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.08.015","volume":"132","author":"JRL Gilles","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gilles JRL, Schetelig MF, Scolari F, Marec F, Capurro ML, Franz G, et al. Towards mosquito sterile insect technique programmes: exploring genetic, molecular, mechanical and behavioural methods of sex separation in mosquitoes. Acta Trop. 2014;132(Suppl):S178\u201387.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1256_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-S2-S5","volume":"8","author":"PA Papathanos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Papathanos PA, Bossin HC, Benedict MQ, Catteruccia F, Malcolm CA, Alphey L, et al. Sex separation strategies: past experience and new approaches. Malar J. 2009;8(Suppl 2):S5.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1256_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-11-41","volume":"11","author":"M Salvemini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Salvemini M, Mauro U, Lombardo F, Milano A, Zazzaro V, Arc\u00e0 B, et al. Genomic organization and splicing evolution of the doublesex gene, a Drosophila regulator of sexual differentiation, in the dengue and yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. BMC Evol Biol. 2011;11:41.","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"1256_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00427-003-0372-2","volume":"214","author":"M Hediger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hediger M, Burghardt G, Siegenthaler C, Buser N, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, D\u00fcbendorfer A, et al. Sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica converges at the level of the terminal regulator doublesex. Dev Genes Evol. 2004;214:29\u201342.","journal-title":"Dev Genes Evol"},{"key":"1256_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.082657gs","volume":"52","author":"G Saccone","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saccone G, Salvemini M, Pane A, Polito LC. Masculinization of XX Drosophila transgenic flies expressing the Ceratitis capitata DoublesexM isoform. Int J Dev Biol. 2008;52:1051\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"1256_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90633-8","volume":"56","author":"KC Burtis","year":"1989","unstructured":"Burtis KC, Baker BS. Drosophila doublesex gene controls somatic sexual differentiation by producing alternatively spliced mRNAs encoding related sex-specific polypeptides. Cell. 1989;56:997\u20131010.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1256_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01819","volume":"208","author":"C Scali","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scali C, Catteruccia F, Li Q, Crisanti A. Identification of sex-specific transcripts of the Anopheles gambiae doublesex gene. J Exp Biol. 2005;208:3701\u20139.","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"1256_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D898","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab929","volume":"50","author":"B Amos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amos B, Aurrecoechea C, Barba M, Barreto A, Basenko EY, Ba\u017cant W, et al. VEuPathDB: the eukaryotic pathogen, vector and host bioinformatics resource center. Nucl Acids Res. 2022;50:D898-911.","journal-title":"Nucl Acids Res"},{"key":"1256_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2021.11.008","volume":"50","author":"GI Giraldo-Calder\u00f3n","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giraldo-Calder\u00f3n GI, Harb OS, Kelly SA, Rund SS, Roos DS, McDowell MA. VectorBase.org updates: bioinformatic resources for invertebrate vectors of human pathogens and related organisms. Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2022;50:100860.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Insect Sci"},{"key":"1256_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1089\/genbio.2023.0041","volume":"3","author":"J Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu J, Rayes D, Akbari OS. A fluorescent sex-sorting technique for insects with the demonstration in Drosophila melanogaster. GEN Biotechnol. 2024;3:35\u201344.","journal-title":"GEN Biotechnol"}],"container-title":["Infectious Diseases of Poverty"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40249-024-01256-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40249-024-01256-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40249-024-01256-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T17:03:26Z","timestamp":1731344606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/idpjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40249-024-01256-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40249-024-01256-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-9957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-9957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animals were handled in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals as recommended by the National Institutes of Health and approved by the UCSD Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC, Animal Use Protocol #S17187) and UCSD Biological Use Authorization (BUA #R2401). No human research was conducted so we did not need consent to participate in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"O.S.A. and S.W. have filed a patent on this technology. O.S.A is a founder of Agragene, Inc. and Synvect, Inc. with equity interest. The terms of this arrangement have been reviewed and approved by the University of California, San Diego in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"83"}}