{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T22:20:35Z","timestamp":1781821235061,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect Dis Poverty"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease, is influenced by temperature. As global warming intensifies, the frequency of hot nights has increased. However, the relationship between hot nights and dengue transmission remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of hot night exposures on dengue incidence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We collected individual dengue data from Brazil's SINAN database (2014\u20132021), covering 5,708,691 patients. Hot night exposures, including the average maximum nighttime temperatures, hot night excess, and hot night duration, were calculated using the ERA5-land dataset. A case-crossover design was employed to assess the association between each hot night exposure and dengue incidence using conditional logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The average maximum nighttime temperature, hot night excess, and hot night duration were all significantly associated with increased risk of dengue, with odds ratios (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>s) of 1.86 (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 1.86\u20131.87), 1.01 (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 1.01\u20131.01), and 1.05 (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 1.05\u20131.05), respectively. The attributable risks for each hot night exposure were 14.02% (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 13.49%\u201314.60%), 27.80% (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 27.33%\u201328.21%), and 26.95% (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 26.58%\u201327.38%), respectively, when the exposure value was above the 90th percentile of its distribution.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Hot night exposures were associated with an increased risk of dengue in Brazil. The public health burden of dengue is likely to rise with increasing hot night exposures, especially as hot nights become more frequent worldwide. Implementation of targeted vector control strategies and improved access to cooling equipment, such as air-conditioning, may serve as important mitigation measures.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-025-01326-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T03:24:19Z","timestamp":1750044259000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The impact of hot nights on dengue incidence: a nationwide case crossover study in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mintao","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhisheng","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinfeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxiong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huining","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaym","family":"Biswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murugappan","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haojun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1326_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030425","author":"I Ilic","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ilic I, Ilic M. Global patterns of trends in incidence and mortality of dengue, 1990\u20132019: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study. Medicina. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60030425.","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"18","key":"1326_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.06.092","volume":"30","author":"NH Rose","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rose NH, Sylla M, Badolo A, Lutomiah J, Ayala D, Aribodor OB, et al. Climate and urbanization drive mosquito preference for humans. Curr Biol. 2020;30(18):3570-9.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2020.06.092.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1326_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12227","volume":"19","author":"C Barcellos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barcellos C, Lowe R. Expansion of the dengue transmission area in Brazil: the role of climate and cities. Trop Med Int Health. 2014;19(2):159\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tmi.12227.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"1326_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e404","DOI":"10.1016\/s2542-5196(21)00132-7","volume":"5","author":"FJ Col\u00f3n-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Col\u00f3n-Gonz\u00e1lez FJ, Sewe MO, Tompkins AM, Sj\u00f6din H, Casallas A, Rockl\u00f6v J, et al. Projecting the risk of mosquito-borne diseases in a warmer and more populated world: a multi-model, multi-scenario intercomparison modelling study. Lancet Planet Health. 2021;5(7):e404\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2542-5196(21)00132-7.","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"1326_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v17010057","author":"MT de Almeida","year":"2025","unstructured":"de Almeida MT, Merighi DGS, Visnardi AB, Boneto Gon\u00e7alves CA, Amorim VMF, Ferrari ASA, et al. Latin America\u2019s dengue outbreak poses a global health threat. Viruses. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v17010057.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"1326_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104582","volume":"91","author":"YT Damtew","year":"2023","unstructured":"Damtew YT, Tong M, Varghese BM, Anikeeva O, Hansen A, Dear K, et al. Effects of high temperatures and heatwaves on dengue fever: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EBioMedicine. 2023;91: 104582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104582.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"1326_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145117","volume":"775","author":"A Seah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seah A, Aik J, Ng LC, Tam CC. The effects of maximum ambient temperature and heatwaves on dengue infections in the tropical city-state of Singapore - a time series analysis. Sci Total Environ. 2021;775: 145117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145117.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"6","key":"1326_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0885","volume":"103","author":"SSC Rund","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rund SSC, Labb LF, Benefiel OM, Duffield GE. Artificial light at night increases Aedes aegypti mosquito biting behavior with implications for arboviral disease transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;103(6):2450\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0885.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1326_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0309","volume":"107","author":"BA Ndenga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ndenga BA, Mutuku FM, Ngugi HN, Mbakaya JO, Mukoko D, Kitron U, et al. Night time extension of Aedes aegypti human blood seeking activity. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2022;107(1):208\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0309.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"12","key":"1326_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7099","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15336","volume":"26","author":"DTC Cox","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cox DTC, Maclean IMD, Gardner AS, Gaston KJ. Global variation in diurnal asymmetry in temperature, cloud cover, specific humidity and precipitation and its association with leaf area index. Glob Chang Biol. 2020;26(12):7099\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.15336.","journal-title":"Glob Chang Biol"},{"key":"1326_CR11","unstructured":"Brasil Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica do Sistema \u00danico de Sa\u00fade. Sistema de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o de Agravos de Notifica\u00e7\u00e3o (SINAN). 2024. https:\/\/datasus.saude.gov.br\/transferencia-de-arquivos\/. Accessed 15 Apr 2024. (in Portuguese)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1326_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2023.2237420","volume":"34","author":"M da Consola\u00e7\u00e3o Magalh\u00e3esCunha","year":"2024","unstructured":"da Consola\u00e7\u00e3o Magalh\u00e3esCunha M, Conrad Bohm B, Morais MHF, DiasC ampos NB, Schultes OL, Pereira Campos Bruhn N, et al. Temporal trends of dengue cases and deaths from 2007 to 2020 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Int J Environ Health Res. 2024;34(5):2248\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09603123.2023.2237420.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"key":"1326_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2025.101546","author":"M Kono","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kono M, Wu W-T, Lee C-P, Chang Y-Y, Yang Y-H, Lin C-C, et al. Impact of rapid temperature fluctuations on acute stroke risk: a nationwide case-crossover study from 2001 to 2020. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2025.101546.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac."},{"issue":"9","key":"1326_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4349","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-13-4349-2021","volume":"13","author":"J Mu\u00f1oz-Sabater","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Sabater J, Dutra E, Agust\u00ed-Panareda A, Albergel C, Arduini G, Balsamo G, et al. ERA5-Land: a state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset for land applications. Earth Syst Sci Data. 2021;13(9):4349\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-13-4349-2021.","journal-title":"Earth Syst Sci Data"},{"key":"1326_CR15","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021). Seattle: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME); 2024."},{"key":"1326_CR16","unstructured":"Brasil Ministry of Economy. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica. 2024. https:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/. Accessed 30 Apr 2024. (in Portuguese)"},{"key":"1326_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107677","volume":"171","author":"C Gariazzo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gariazzo C, Taiano L, Bonafede M, Leva A, Morabito M, de Donato F, et al. Association between extreme temperature exposure and occupational injuries among construction workers in Italy: an analysis of risk factors. Environ Int. 2023;171: 107677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107677.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"1326_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02337","volume":"8","author":"Z Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Z, Zhang Z, Lai Z, Zhou T, Jia Z, Gu J, et al. Temperature increase enhances Aedes albopictus competence to transmit dengue virus. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:2337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02337.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1326_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005568","volume":"11","author":"EA Mordecai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mordecai EA, Cohen JM, Evans MV, Gudapati P, Johnson LR, Lippi CA, et al. Detecting the impact of temperature on transmission of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya using mechanistic models. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(4): e0005568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005568.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"10419","key":"1326_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)01859-7","volume":"402","author":"M Romanello","year":"2023","unstructured":"Romanello M, Napoli CD, Green C, Kennard H, Lampard P, Scamman D, et al. The 2023 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: the imperative for a health-centred response in a world facing irreversible harms. Lancet. 2023;402(10419):2346\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)01859-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1326_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8070351","author":"O Mendoza-Cano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mendoza-Cano O, Trujillo X, Huerta M, R\u00edos-Silva M, Lugo-Radillo A, Benites-God\u00ednez V, et al. Assessing the relationship between annual surface temperature changes and the burden of dengue: implications for climate change and global health outcomes. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed8070351.","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"1326_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180715","volume":"12","author":"FJ Antonio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Antonio FJ, Itami AS, de Picoli S, Teixeira JJV, Mendes RDS. Spatial patterns of dengue cases in Brazil. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(7): e0180715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0180715.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1326_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5948","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56044-y","volume":"14","author":"C Barcellos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barcellos C, Matos V, Lana RM, Lowe R. Climate change, thermal anomalies, and the recent progression of dengue in Brazil. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):5948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-56044-y.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"1326_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5365\/wpsar.2011.2.1.002","volume":"2","author":"M Anker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anker M, Arima Y. Male-female differences in the number of reported incident dengue fever cases in six Asian countries. Western Pac Surveill Response J. 2011;2(2):17\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5365\/wpsar.2011.2.1.002.","journal-title":"Western Pac Surveill Response J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1326_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030636","volume":"15","author":"L Facchinelli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Facchinelli L, Badolo A, McCall PJ. Biology and behaviour of Aedes aegypti in the human environment: opportunities for vector control of arbovirus transmission. Viruses. 2023;15(3):636.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"1326_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.11606\/s1518-8787.2018052000414","volume":"52","author":"AC Ferreira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferreira AC, Chiaravalloti Neto F, Mondini A. Dengue in Araraquara, state of S\u00e3o Paulo: epidemiology, climate and Aedes aegypti infestation. Rev Saude Publica. 2018;52:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11606\/s1518-8787.2018052000414.","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"1326_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.11.009","volume":"153","author":"J Xiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xiang J, Hansen A, Liu Q, Liu X, Tong MX, Sun Y, et al. Association between dengue fever incidence and meteorological factors in Guangzhou, China, 2005\u20132014. Environ Res. 2017;153:17\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2016.11.009.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"1326_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000935","author":"I Rodriguez-Barraquer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Cordeiro MT, Braga C, de Souza WV, Marques ET, Cummings DAT. From re-emergence to hyperendemicity: the natural history of the dengue epidemic in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000935.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1326_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2021.07.020","volume":"35","author":"TCN Monintja","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monintja TCN, Arsin AA, Amiruddin R, Syafar M. Analysis of temperature and humidity on dengue hemorrhagic fever in Manado Municipality. Gac Sanit. 2021;35(Suppl 2):S330\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaceta.2021.07.020.","journal-title":"Gac Sanit"},{"issue":"1","key":"1326_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120100001","volume":"12","author":"J Fan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fan J, Wei W, Bai Z, Fan C, Li S, Liu Q, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of dengue risk with temperature change. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;12(1):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph120100001.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"1326_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008408","volume":"14","author":"MAP Donnelly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Donnelly MAP, Kluh S, Snyder RE, Barker CM. Quantifying sociodemographic heterogeneities in the distribution of Aedes aegypti among California households. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(7): e0008408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008408.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1326_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007997","volume":"14","author":"J Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng J, Bambrick H, Yakob L, Devine G, Frentiu FD, Toan DTT, et al. Heatwaves and dengue outbreaks in Hanoi, Vietnam: new evidence on early warning. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(1): e0007997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007997.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["Infectious Diseases of Poverty"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40249-025-01326-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40249-025-01326-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40249-025-01326-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T16:02:11Z","timestamp":1750089731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/idpjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40249-025-01326-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40249-025-01326-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-9957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-9957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"International ethical legislation was respected. A research ethics committee was not needed to approve the study because it used case data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System, which is publicly accessible, unrestricted, and does not identify people in any way.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All the authors have reviewed and approved the manuscript for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"50"}}