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This study investigated the association between <jats:italic>Loa<\/jats:italic> microfilaremia and renal function.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Republic of Congo in May\u2013June 2022. Renal function was assessed via estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using Chronic Kidney Disease\u2014Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equations, and proteinuria and\/or haematuria (renal abnormalities, RAb). Multinomial logistic regression assessed associations between microfilarial density (MFD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), using EKFC with Dubois correction. Population attributable fractions were estimated from a logistic model including <jats:italic>Loa<\/jats:italic> microfilaremia as a binary variable (present <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> absent).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among 986 participants, CKD prevalence ranged from 13.4% [95% confidence interval (<jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>)\u00a011.4\u201315.7%, CKD-EPI] to 17.6% (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 15.3\u201320.1%, EKFC) for KDIGO stages 1\u20135, and from 3.0% (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 2.1\u20134.3%, CKD-EPI) to 7.6% (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 6.1\u20139.4%, EKFC) for stages 3\u20135. <jats:italic>Loa<\/jats:italic> MFD was associated with higher odds of CKD, particularly in individuals with RAb. Compared to amicrofilaremic participants, those with <jats:italic>Loa<\/jats:italic> MFD\u2009\u2265\u200920 000 mf\/ml had significantly increased risk: adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR) for CKD severity categories (\u2264\u20092nd, 2nd\u201310th, 10th\u201350th,\u2009&gt;\u200950th eGFR percentile) with RAb were 8.67 (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 2.62\u201328.64, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021), 14.26 (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 3.41\u201359.68, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), 5.50 (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 0.55\u201361.78, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.145), and 26.21 (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 1.64\u2013417.84, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021). Population attributable fractions of CKD stages 1\u20135 to <jats:italic>Loa<\/jats:italic> microfilaremia was 14.7% (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 4.3\u201324.0) and 30.1% (95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 16.2\u201342.8) for CKD stages 1\u20135 with RAb.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study provides the first epidemiological evidence linking loiasis to renal impairment, likely via glomerular damage. Given loiasis high endemicity in Central Africa, it may contribute to the burden of unexplained nephropathies. Longitudinal studies and renal biopsies are warranted to clarify underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-025-01356-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T04:20:58Z","timestamp":1755750058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chronic kidney disease related to Loa loa microfilaremia in a rural area of the Republic of Congo: a population-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3800-6315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Boull\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my T.","family":"Campillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlhand C.","family":"Hemilembolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Lebredonchel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Dupasquier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Claude","family":"Djontu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien D. 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