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Between 1996 and 2018, more than 20 suspected schistosomiasis cases were reported in this region. Despite clinical symptoms consistent with\n                      <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection, no eggs were detected in feces, and the intermediate host\n                      <jats:italic>Oncomelania hupensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was absent locally. Most patients had no travel history to known endemic areas, leaving the infections unconfirmed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rectal biopsy specimens from four suspected cases, preserved as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, were re-examined. Microscopy revealed egg-like structures resembling\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. in the specimens. Due to severe DNA degradation from long-term storage (6\u201316\u00a0years), a micro-library construction method was applied to two samples to enable next-generation sequencing (NGS). Using two independent alignment strategies, multiple sequence reads corresponding to\n                      <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                      were identified in both samples, providing molecular confirmation of infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study presents the first molecular evidence confirming\n                      <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in a non-endemic area of Yunnan Province. The findings highlight the diagnostic potential of combining FFPE samples with NGS to resolve long-standing suspected cases lacking conventional parasitological evidence and underscore the importance of continued surveillance in regions not currently classified as endemic.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-025-01372-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T13:05:32Z","timestamp":1760015132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular diagnosis of suspected intestinal schistosomiasis in a non-endemic area of Yunnan Province, China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shiyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunli","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihuang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minwei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaogai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changchun","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jizhou","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0107-424X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jipeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1372_CR1","unstructured":"Gao EHZ, JL, Zhao, YL, Zhao, LJ. 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