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Molecular diagnostic tests, such as quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), are valuable for diagnosing NTDs, including schistosomiasis. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate two\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1-7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR systems incorporating different DNA extraction approaches for the detection of\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two copro-DNA-qPCR systems were developed: a Maxwell kit-based copro-DNA-\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1-7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR system (\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1-7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR-S1) and a NaOH-based copro-DNA-\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1-7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR system (\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1-7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR-S2). Both systems were tested on faecal samples collected from schistosomiasis endemic and non-endemic areas in Uganda (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009482). A composite reference based on positive results of either the Kato-Katz (KK) or qPCR assays was used for calibration. The\n                      <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      positivity rates were analyzed based on the results of different diagnostics. Differences in DNA concentration and cycle threshold (Ct) values from the two copro-DNA-qPCR systems were compared (Wilcoxon signed-rank test).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall\n                      <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      positivity rate was 52.9% (229\/433) according to the composite reference, whereas the KK,\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1-7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR-S1 and\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1<\/jats:italic>\n                      -\n                      <jats:italic>7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR-S2 recorded positivity rates of 36.7% (159\/433), 43.9% (190\/433), and 47.6% (206\/433), respectively.\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1-7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR-S2 demonstrated a sensitivity of 90.0%, outperforming the KK and\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1-7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR-S1 with sensitivities of 69.4% and 83.0%, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001 and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0test). For samples positive in both\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1-7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR systems (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009179), Ct-values obtained from\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1-7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR-S2 were significantly lower than those from\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1-7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR-S1 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). A significant inverse correlation between Ct values and KK faecal egg counts was observed for both systems (\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1-7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR-S1, r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.5637,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001;\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1<\/jats:italic>\n                      -\n                      <jats:italic>7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR-S2, r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.5723,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The KK method showed substantial agreement with the composite reference (\n                      <jats:italic>\u0199<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.682), while both\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1<\/jats:italic>\n                      -\n                      <jats:italic>7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR systems exhibited almost perfect agreement with the reference (\n                      <jats:italic>\u0199<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.821 and 0.894, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study highlights that DNA samples extracted from both systems are suitable for robust qPCR amplification. The\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1-7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR-S2 system offers several advantages over the\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1-7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR-S1 system, including improved sensitivity, field accessibility, and lower cost. With further refinement, the\n                      <jats:italic>Sm1-7<\/jats:italic>\n                      -qPCR-S2 system could be integrated into the existing schistosomiasis surveillance network to aid the elimination of the disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-026-01444-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T06:26:41Z","timestamp":1778480801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparative evaluation of Sm1-7-qPCR systems incorporated with Maxwell kit-based and NaOH-based DNA extraction methods for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Mu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Egwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candia","family":"Rowel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Adriko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm K.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena Ullyartha","family":"Pangaribuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni","family":"Wandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald P.","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1444_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00067-5","volume":"15","author":"JE Grimes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grimes JE, Templeton MR. 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