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It is unclear whether the therapeutic benefits of yoga are supported or utilised in the treatment of AN amongst clinical experts. The present study aimed to explore and synthesise expert opinion on the use of yoga as an adjunctive therapy in the management of anxiety, depression and over-exercise in individuals with AN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A Delphi methodology was employed, with clinicians considered experts in the treatment of AN recruited internationally to form the panel (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918). The first iteration of questionnaires comprised of four open-ended questions concerning the experts\u2019 understanding of the term yoga and opinions on its\u2019 use in therapy generally and more specifically in the treatment of AN. Using content analysis, statements were derived from this data and included as Likert-based items in two subsequent rounds where panellists rated their level of agreement on each item. Seventeen out of 18 respondents completed all three iterations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consensus (level of agreement defined at \u2265\u200985%) was achieved for 36.47% of the items included in the second and third rounds. The panel reached consensus on items defining yoga and pertaining to its\u2019 general benefits. The panel agreed that yoga is a adjunct therapy for various problems, consensus was not achieved on the specific use of yoga as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of comorbid anxiety, depression or trauma in patients with AN. Although the expert panel acknowledged a number of benefits for use of yoga in AN, they strongly endorsed that future research should evaluate the potential risks of using yoga as an embodied practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is possible that yoga could be considered for inclusion in future guidelines if supported by empirical research. We conclude that there seems to be enough consensus that such further scientific investigation is warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Plain English summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to explore expert opinion on the use of yoga as an adjunctive therapy in the management of anxiety, depression and over-exercise in individuals with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Clinicians considered experts in the treatment of AN recruited internationally to form the panel (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918). Experts were asked about their understanding of the term yoga and their opinions on its\u2019 use in therapy. The panel reached consensus on items defining yoga and pertaining to its\u2019 general benefits. Although the panel agreed that yoga is a nice additional therapy for various problems, consensus was not achieved on the use of yoga as an additional therapy in the treatment of specific problems like anxiety, depression or trauma in people with AN. The expert panel acknowledged a number of benefits for use of yoga in AN. However the panel strongly considered that future research should evaluate the potential risks of using yoga as an embodied practice. The areas of collective agreement gained in the study can serve as preliminary guidelines for the use of yoga in AN whilst guiding future research directions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-021-00467-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T07:02:39Z","timestamp":1631084559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Yoga as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of people with anorexia nervosa: a Delphi study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Rizzuto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0296-6856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillipa","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Noetel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Touyz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"467_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03327781","volume":"13","author":"EJ Harbottle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Harbottle EJ, Birmingham CL, Sayani FAN. 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Int J Eat Disord. 2009;42(1):62\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"}],"container-title":["Journal of Eating Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-021-00467-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40337-021-00467-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-021-00467-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T14:05:37Z","timestamp":1699452337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40337-021-00467-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["467"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-021-00467-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-2974"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-2974","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics approval was gained by the University of Sydney Ethic Committee (2018\/860). Participants were recruited using purposive sampling in order to identify experts in the field worldwide. Participants were provided with a participant consent form outlining that consent was inferred by clicking on the URL link provided with the questionnaire completed. Participants were also asked if they would like to be identified in the \u2018Acknowledgments Section\u2019 of the manuscript, or if their preference was to remain anonymous.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Certain members of the research team are experts within the research area, and thus, may have had pre-existing professional relationships with the participants who were recruited to form the panel of experts for this Delphi study. It was emphasised to all potential participants in the Participant Information Sheet by stating the following: \u2018Participation in this study is entirely voluntary. You are not under any obligation to consent and only those who provide their consent will be included in the study. Whether or not you decide to participate, your decision will not disadvantage you in any way and will not effect your relationship with the University of Sydney or any of the research team. Further, if you do wish to participate, you may withdraw from the study at any time without providing a reason. Furthermore, the participants will remain unidentifiable to the researchers who may hold pre-existing professional relationships with them. The only researcher who will be able to identify the participants from their assigned identification code will be Miss Laura Rizzuto who is unlikely to hold pre-existing relationships with any of the participants.\u2019 Two authors, ST and PH, are Editors-in-Chief of this Journal.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"111"}}