{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:45:23Z","timestamp":1791582323279,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Eat Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>It is a common misconception that women with active anorexia nervosa (AN) are less likely to conceive. Pregnancies in women with AN are considered high risk. The purpose of this systematic review was to explore pregnancy complications in women with active AN, including maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The authors conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA statement guidelines with stringent selection criteria to include studies on patients with active AN during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There were 21 studies included in our review. Anaemia, caesarean section, concurrent recreational substance use, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, small-for-gestation (SGA) birth, and low birth weight were the most reported pregnancy complications in women with active AN, while the rates of gestational diabetes and postpartum haemorrhage were lower.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Women with active AN have a different profile of pregnancy complications comparing to malnourished women and women in starvation. We recommend early discussion with women diagnosed with AN regarding their fertility and pregnancy complications. We recommend clinicians to aim to improve physical and psychological symptoms of AN as well as correction of any nutritional deficiency ideally prior to conception. Management of pregnancies in women with active AN requires regular monitoring, active involvement of obstetricians and psychiatrist. Paediatric follow-up postpartum is recommended to ensure adequate feeding, wellbeing and general health of the infants. Psychiatric follow-up is recommended for mothers due to risk of worsening symptoms of AN during perinatal period.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-022-00551-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T08:06:26Z","timestamp":1644998786000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pregnancy outcomes in women with active anorexia nervosa: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5569-544X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy Ryan","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina Yutong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"551_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-012-0282-y","volume":"14","author":"FRE Smink","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smink FRE, van Hoeken D, Hoek HW. Epidemiology of eating disorders: incidence, prevalence and mortality rates. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012;14(4):406\u201314.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"551_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198123)1:1<16::AID-EAT2260010103>3.0.CO;2-H","volume":"1","author":"KA Halmi","year":"1981","unstructured":"Halmi KA, Falk JR. Common physiological changes in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 1981;1(1):16\u201327.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"551_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199407)16:1<53::AID-EAT2260160105>3.0.CO;2-V","volume":"16","author":"NH Golden","year":"1994","unstructured":"Golden NH, Shenker IR. Amenorrhea in anorexia nervosa. Neuroendocrine control of hypothalamic dysfunction. Int J Eat Disord. 1994;16(1):53\u201360.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"551_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31824ef10e","volume":"74","author":"V Mainz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mainz V, Schulte-R\u00fcther M, Fink GR, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Konrad K. Structural brain abnormalities in adolescent anorexia nervosa before and after weight recovery and associated hormonal changes. Psychosom Med. 2012;74(6):574\u201382.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"551_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70180-3","volume":"2","author":"M Misra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Misra M, Klibanski A. Endocrine consequences of anorexia nervosa. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(7):581\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"551_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199712)22:4<339::AID-EAT1>3.0.CO;2-N","volume":"22","author":"M Strober","year":"1997","unstructured":"Strober M, Freeman R, Morrell W. The long-term course of severe anorexia nervosa in adolescents: Survival analysis of recovery, relapse, and outcome predictors over 10\u201315 years in a prospective study. Int J Eat Disord. 1997;22(4):339\u201360.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"551_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bulik CM, Sullivan PF, Fear JL, Pickering A, Dawn A, McCullin M. Fertility and reproduction in women with anorexia nervosa: a controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60(2):130\u20135; quiz 5\u20137.","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v60n0212"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"551_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(86)90117-6","volume":"22","author":"H Kohmura","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kohmura H, Miyake A, Aono T, Tanizawa O. Recovery of reproductive function in patients with anorexia nervosa: a 10-year follow-up study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1986;22(5\u20136):293\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"551_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181f7efdc","volume":"116","author":"CM Bulik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bulik CM, Hoffman ER, Von Holle A, Torgersen L, Stoltenberg C, Reichborn-Kjennerud T. Unplanned pregnancy in women with anorexia nervosa. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116(5):1136\u201340.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"551_CR10","unstructured":"WHO. The Double Burden of Malnutrition: Policy Brief. 2017."},{"issue":"8","key":"551_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002373","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002373","volume":"14","author":"JE Cates","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cates JE, Unger HW, Briand V, Fievet N, Valea I, Tinto H, et al. Malaria, malnutrition, and birthweight: a meta-analysis using individual participant data. PLoS Med. 2017;14(8):e1002373.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"551_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.9.2169","volume":"134","author":"G Wu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wu G, Bazer FW, Cudd TA, Meininger CJ, Spencer TE. Maternal nutrition and fetal development. J Nutr. 2004;134(9):2169\u201372.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"suppl_5","key":"551_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1301\/00296640260130704","volume":"60","author":"P Ramachandran","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ramachandran P. Maternal nutrition\u2014effect on fetal growth and outcome of pregnancy. Nutr Rev. 2002;60(suppl_5):S26\u201334.","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"551_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.5.1217s","volume":"71","author":"J King","year":"2000","unstructured":"King J, Sachet P. Maternal nutrition: new developments and implications-preface. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(5):1217S.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"551_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340600566121","volume":"85","author":"Y Neggers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Neggers Y, Goldenberg R, Cliver S, Hauth J. The relationship between psychosocial profile, health practices, and pregnancy outcomes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2006;85(3):277\u201385.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"551_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxq001","volume":"32","author":"K Abu-Saad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abu-Saad K, Fraser D. Maternal nutrition and birth outcomes. Epidemiol Rev. 2010;32(1):5\u201325.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"551_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1177\/1066480703252470","volume":"11","author":"T Murray","year":"2003","unstructured":"Murray T. Wait not, want not: factors contributing to the development of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Fam J. 2003;11(3):276\u201380.","journal-title":"Fam J"},{"issue":"1","key":"551_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3109\/01674828809030944","volume":"9","author":"JS Levin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Levin JS, DeFrank RS. Maternal stress and pregnancy outcomes: a review of the psychosocial literature. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol. 1988;9(1):3\u201316.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"551_CR19","first-page":"615","volume":"31","author":"C Arnold","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arnold C, Johnson H, Mahon C, Agius M. The effects of eating disorders in pregnancy on mother and baby: a review. Psychiatr Danub. 2019;31(Suppl 3):615\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Danub"},{"issue":"3","key":"551_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22483","volume":"49","author":"MC Kimmel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kimmel MC, Ferguson EH, Zerwas S, Bulik CM, Meltzer-Brody S. Obstetric and gynecologic problems associated with eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2016;49(3):260\u201375.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"551_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.04.014","volume":"75","author":"B Meczekalski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meczekalski B, Podfigurna-Stopa A, Katulski K. Long-term consequences of anorexia nervosa. Maturitas. 2013;75(3):215\u201320.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"4","key":"551_CR22","first-page":"285","volume":"34","author":"QN Hong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hong QN, F\u00e0bregues S, Bartlett G, Boardman F, Cargo M, Dagenais P, et al. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers. Educ Inf. 2018;34(4):285\u201391.","journal-title":"Educ Inf"},{"issue":"3","key":"551_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3664","volume":"77","author":"\u00c4 Mantel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mantel \u00c4, Hirschberg AL, Stephansson O. Association of maternal eating disorders with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(3):285\u201393.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"551_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.03.067","volume":"211","author":"MS Linna","year":"2014","unstructured":"Linna MS, Raevuori A, Haukka J, Suvisaari JM, Suokas JT, Gissler M. Pregnancy, obstetric, and perinatal health outcomes in eating disorders. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;211(4):392.e1-8.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"551_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20927","volume":"45","author":"Y Takei","year":"2012","unstructured":"Takei Y, Suda M, Aoyama Y, Narita K, Kameyama M, Uehara T, et al. Micropolygyria in an infant born to a patient with severe anorexia nervosa: a case report. Int J Eat Disord. 2012;45(3):447\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"551_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13313","volume":"43","author":"K Kasahara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kasahara K, Kita N, Kawasaki T, Morisaki S, Yomo H, Murakami T. Bilateral femoral neck fractures resulting from pregnancy-associated osteoporosis showed bone marrow edema on magnetic resonance imaging. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2017;43(6):1067\u201370.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"551_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.245.1","volume":"245","author":"K Kasahara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kasahara K, Mimura T, Moritani S, Kawasaki T, Imai S, Tsuji S, et al. Subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head in a pregnant woman with pre-existing anorexia nervosa. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2018;245(1):1\u20135.","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"551_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23251","volume":"53","author":"Z Ante","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ante Z, Luu TM, Healy-Profit\u00f3s J, He S, Taddeo D, Lo E, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in women with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53(5):403\u201312.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"551_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.250.191","volume":"250","author":"K Kasahara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kasahara K, Ono T, Higuchi A, Katsura D, Hayashi K, Tokoro S, et al. Smoking during pregnancy is a predictor of poor perinatal outcomes in maternal anorexia nervosa: a case series and single-center cross-sectional study in Japan. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2020;250(4):191\u2013200.","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"551_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.3223","volume":"8","author":"E Babatseva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Babatseva E, Chatziioannidis I, Tagaraki AA, Tramma D, Dampala K, Chatzitoliou E, et al. A neonate with intrauterine growth restriction and pseudo-Bartter syndrome due to severe maternal eating disorder: a case report. Clin Case Rep. 2020;8(12):2541\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"17","key":"551_CR31","first-page":"40","volume":"160","author":"E Ho","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ho E. Anorexia nervosa in pregnancy. Nurs Mirror. 1985;160(17):40\u20132.","journal-title":"Nurs Mirror"},{"issue":"2","key":"551_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/01674820902789217","volume":"30","author":"IR Madsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Madsen IR, H\u00f8rder K, St\u00f8ving RK. Remission of eating disorder during pregnancy: five cases and brief clinical review. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2009;30(2):122\u20136.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"551_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.1.2012.2.3","volume":"1","author":"Z Mason","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mason Z, Cooper M, Turner H. The experience of pregnancy in women with a history of anorexia nervosa: an interpretive phenomenological analysis. J Behav Addict. 2012;1(2):59\u201367.","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"issue":"2","key":"551_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X17726478","volume":"11","author":"H Soyama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soyama H, Miyamoto M, Natsuyama T, Takano M, Sasa H, Furuya K. A case of refeeding syndrome in pregnancy with anorexia nervosa. Obst Med. 2018;11(2):95\u20137.","journal-title":"Obst Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"551_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05157.x","volume":"77","author":"G Milner","year":"1988","unstructured":"Milner G, O\u2019Leary MM. Anorexia nervosa occurring in pregnancy. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1988;77(4):491\u20132.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"551_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.11.004","volume":"35","author":"M Hayashida","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hayashida M, Inagaki T, Horiguchi J. Anorexia nervosa and diabetes insipidus in pregnancy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011;35(1):297\u20138.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"551_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(87)80293-4","volume":"157","author":"DE Stewart","year":"1987","unstructured":"Stewart DE, Raskin J, Garfinkel PE, MacDonald OL, Robinson GE. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;157(5):1194\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"551_CR38","first-page":"699","volume":"39","author":"KM Lakoff","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lakoff KM, Feldman JD. Anorexia nervosa associated with pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1972;39(5):699\u2013701.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6628","key":"551_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6628.1038","volume":"296","author":"JL Treasure","year":"1988","unstructured":"Treasure JL, Russell GF. Intrauterine growth and neonatal weight gain in babies of women with anorexia nervosa. Br Med J Clin Res Ed. 1988;296(6628):1038.","journal-title":"Br Med J Clin Res Ed"},{"issue":"8","key":"551_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13825","volume":"123","author":"N Micali","year":"2016","unstructured":"Micali N, Stemann Larsen P, Strandberg-Larsen K, Nybo Andersen AM. Size at birth and preterm birth in women with lifetime eating disorders: a prospective population-based study. BJOG. 2016;123(8):1301\u201310.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"1","key":"551_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20558","volume":"42","author":"E Manzato","year":"2009","unstructured":"Manzato E, Zanetti T, Gualandi M. Pregnancy in severe anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2009;42(1):84\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"551_CR42","first-page":"68","volume":"138","author":"BS Strimling","year":"1984","unstructured":"Strimling BS. Infant of a pregnancy complicated by anorexia nervosa. Am J Dis Child. 1984;138(1):68\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"551_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12r07968","volume":"74","author":"S Grigoriadis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grigoriadis S, VonderPorten EH, Mamisashvili L, Tomlinson G, Dennis C-L, Koren G, et al. The impact of maternal depression during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(4):66.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"551_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-018-0937-8","volume":"269","author":"H Himmerich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Himmerich H, Hotopf M, Shetty H, Schmidt U, Treasure J, Hayes RD, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity as a risk factor for mortality in people with anorexia nervosa. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019;269(3):351\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"551_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0655-4","volume":"15","author":"HT St\u00f8rksen","year":"2015","unstructured":"St\u00f8rksen HT, Garthus-Niegel S, Adams SS, Vangen S, Eberhard-Gran M. Fear of childbirth and elective caesarean section: a population-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childb. 2015;15(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childb"},{"key":"551_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02145","volume":"9","author":"JA De Vos","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Vos JA, Radstaak M, Bohlmeijer ET, Westerhof GJ. Having an eating disorder and still being able to flourish? Examination of pathological symptoms and well-being as two continua of mental health in a clinical sample. Front Psychol. 2018;9:2145.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"551_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.10.005","volume":"167","author":"CJ Frise","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frise CJ, Mackillop L, Joash K, Williamson C. Starvation ketoacidosis in pregnancy. Eur J Obst Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;167(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Obst Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"3961","key":"551_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1126\/science.170.3961.990","volume":"170","author":"P Felig","year":"1970","unstructured":"Felig P, Lynch V. Starvation in human pregnancy: hypoglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and hyperketonemia. Science. 1970;170(3961):990\u20132.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"551_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2012.01291.x","volume":"26","author":"G Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu G, Imhoff-Kunsch B, Girard AW. Biological mechanisms for nutritional regulation of maternal health and fetal development. Paediatry Perinat Epidemiol. 2012;26:4\u201326.","journal-title":"Paediatry Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"551_CR50","first-page":"66","volume":"2","author":"P Buppasiri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Buppasiri P, Lumbiganon P, Thinkhamrop J, Ngamjarus C, Laopaiboon M, Medley N. Calcium supplementation (other than for preventing or treating hypertension) for improving pregnancy and infant outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2:66.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"551_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.172890","volume":"100","author":"SY Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim SY, England L, Wilson HG, Bish C, Satten GA, Dietz P. Percentage of gestational diabetes mellitus attributable to overweight and obesity. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(6):1047\u201352.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"551_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-112","volume":"12","author":"EM Fyfe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fyfe EM, Thompson JM, Anderson NH, Groom KM, McCowan LM. Maternal obesity and postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal and caesarean delivery among nulliparous women at term: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnan Childb. 2012;12(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnan Childb"},{"issue":"14","key":"551_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.964675","volume":"28","author":"D Shin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shin D, Song WO. Prepregnancy body mass index is an independent risk factor for gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm labor, and small-and large-for-gestational-age infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;28(14):1679\u201386.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"551_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(03)00179-9","volume":"110","author":"R Gagnon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gagnon R. Placental insufficiency and its consequences. Eur J Obst Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2003;110:S99\u2013107.","journal-title":"Eur J Obst Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"551_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.12968\/johv.2018.6.5.224","volume":"6","author":"A Bye","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bye A, Mackintosh N, Sandall J, Easter A, Walker M. Supporting women with eating disorders during pregnancy and the postnatal period. J Health Vis. 2018;6(5):224\u20138.","journal-title":"J Health Vis"},{"key":"551_CR56","unstructured":"Department_of_Health. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pregnancy Care. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health; 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"551_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15953","volume":"48","author":"R Romero","year":"2016","unstructured":"Romero R, Nicolaides K, Conde-Agudelo A, O\u2019brien J, Cetingoz E, Da Fonseca E, et al. Vaginal progesterone decreases preterm birth\u2264 34 weeks of gestation in women with a singleton pregnancy and a short cervix: an updated meta-analysis including data from the OPPTIMUM study. Ultrasound Obst Gynecol. 2016;48(3):308\u201317.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obst Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"551_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14624","volume":"124","author":"A Jarde","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jarde A, Lutsiv O, Park CK, Beyene J, Dodd JM, Barrett J, et al. Effectiveness of progesterone, cerclage and pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BJOG. 2017;124(8):1176\u201389.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"5","key":"551_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17457","volume":"50","author":"V Berghella","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berghella V, Ciardulli A, Rust OA, To M, Otsuki K, Althuisius S, et al. Cerclage for sonographic short cervix in singleton gestations without prior spontaneous preterm birth: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials using individual patient-level data. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017;50(5):569\u201377.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Eating Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-022-00551-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40337-022-00551-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-022-00551-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T07:20:27Z","timestamp":1666596027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40337-022-00551-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-022-00551-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-2974"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-2974","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"25"}}