{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:59:30Z","timestamp":1792612770039,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Eat Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eating disorders are psychiatric disorders with significant and widespread medical complications, including renal disorders. Renal disease is not uncommon in patients with eating disorders but is often unrecognized. It includes both acute renal injury and progression to chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis. Electrolyte abnormalities including hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis are common in eating disorders and vary depending on whether patients engage in purging behaviors. Chronic hypokalemia due to purging in patients with anorexia nervosa-binge purge subtype or bulimia nervosa can lead to hypokalemic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease. Additional electrolyte derangements are seen during refeeding, including hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia. Patients can also develop Pseudo-Bartter\u2019s syndrome which leads to edema and rapid weight gain in patients who cease purging behavior. Clinicians and patients should be aware of these complications in order to provide education and early detection and prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-023-00751-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T08:18:27Z","timestamp":1676881107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Renal and electrolyte complications in eating disorders: a comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Leah","family":"Puckett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"751_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2013.797317","volume":"21","author":"CA Brown","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brown CA, Mehler PS. Medical complications of self-induced vomiting. Eat Disord. 2013;21(4):287\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10640266.2013.797317.","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"751_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.04.016","volume":"78","author":"LA Inker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Inker LA, Titan S. Measurement and estimation of GFR for use in clinical practice: core curriculum 2021. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;78(5):736\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.04.016.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"751_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feeding and Eating Disorders. In: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm10.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm10"},{"issue":"11","key":"751_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2134908","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.34908","volume":"4","author":"E Gurevich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gurevich E, Steiling S, Landau D. Incidence of impaired kidney function among adolescent patients hospitalized with anorexia nervosa. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(11):e2134908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.34908.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"751_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.03.019","volume":"60","author":"A Bouquegneau","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bouquegneau A, Dubois BE, Krzesinski JM, Delanaye P. Anorexia nervosa and the kidney. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;60(2):299\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.03.019.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"751_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Itc66","DOI":"10.7326\/aitc201711070","volume":"167","author":"AS Levey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Levey AS, James MT. Acute kidney injury. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(9):Itc66-itc80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/aitc201711070.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"751_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-014-0138-z","volume":"19","author":"C Stheneur","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stheneur C, Bergeron S, Lapeyraque AL. Renal complications in anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord. 2014;19(4):455\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-014-0138-z.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"key":"751_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.04.011","volume":"43","author":"A Riva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Riva A, Pigni M, Nacinovich R. Renal dysfunctions and clinical correlates in adolescents with restrictive anorexia nervosa. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;43:230\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.04.011.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"4","key":"751_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22830","volume":"51","author":"PS Mehler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mehler PS, Blalock DV, Walden K, Kaur S, McBride J, Walsh K, et al. Medical findings in 1026 consecutive adult inpatient-residential eating disordered patients. Int J Eat Disord. 2018;51(4):305\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22830.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"751_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22503","volume":"49","author":"PS Mehler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mehler PS, Walsh K. Electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities associated with purging behaviors. Int J Eat Disord. 2016;49(3):311\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22503.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"751_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00610-y","author":"L Puckett","year":"2022","unstructured":"Puckett L, Mehler S, Mehler P. Kidney disease as a medical complication of eating disorders. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-022-00610-y.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"751_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.08.014","volume":"39","author":"C Trahan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trahan C, Lapeyraque AL, Sznajder M, Frappier JY, Jamoulle O, Taddeo D, et al. In malnourished adolescent with anorexia nervosa, Cockroft\u2013Gault formula is the most relevant formula to estimate renal function. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(6):1914\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.08.014.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"751_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnm.IJNM_112_18","volume":"34","author":"A Nautiyal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nautiyal A, Mukherjee A, Mitra D, Chatterjee P, Roy A. Impact of body mass index on gates method of glomerular filtration rate estimation: a comparative study with single plasma sample method. Indian J Nucl Med. 2019;34(1):19\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijnm.IJNM_112_18.","journal-title":"Indian J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"751_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.12-5-472","volume":"12","author":"RS Rodger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rodger RS. Approach to the management of endstage renal disease. Clin Med (Lond). 2012;12(5):472\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7861\/clinmedicine.12-5-472.","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"751_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-007294","author":"E Os\u00f3rio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Os\u00f3rio E, Milheiro I, Brand\u00e3o I, Roma Torres A. Anorexia nervosa and dialysis: we have no time when the body is so damaged. BMJ Case Rep. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2012-007294.","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"751_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2020.03.007","volume":"2","author":"H Marumoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marumoto H, Sasaki T, Tsuboi N, Ito T, Ishikawa M, Ogura M, et al. Kidney disease associated with anorexia nervosa: a case series with kidney biopsies. Kidney Med. 2020;2(4):418\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xkme.2020.03.007.","journal-title":"Kidney Med"},{"key":"751_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2022.04.017","author":"AE Downey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Downey AE, Cheng J, Adams SH, Buckelew SM, Kapphahn CJ, Machen VI, et al. Renal function in patients hospitalized with anorexia nervosa undergoing refeeding: findings from the study of refeeding to optimize inpatient gains. J Adolesc Health. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2022.04.017.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"751_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-203218","author":"BE Talbot","year":"2014","unstructured":"Talbot BE, Lawman SH. Eating disorders should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with acute kidney injury and electrolyte derangement. BMJ Case Rep. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-203218.","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"751_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.31.478","volume":"31","author":"S Wada","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wada S, Nagase T, Koike Y, Kugai N, Nagata N. A case of anorexia nervosa with acute renal failure induced by rhabdomyolysis; possible involvement of hypophosphatemia or phosphate depletion. Intern Med. 1992;31(4):478\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/internalmedicine.31.478.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"751_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.01.023","volume":"130","author":"KL Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu KL, Cheng CJ, Sung CC, Tseng MH, Hsu YJ, Yang SS, et al. Identification of the causes for chronic hypokalemia: importance of urinary sodium and chloride excretion. Am J Med. 2017;130(7):846\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.01.023.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"751_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-021-00452-2","volume":"9","author":"M Funayama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Funayama M, Mimura Y, Takata T, Koreki A, Ogino S, Kurose S, et al. Hypokalemia in patients with anorexia nervosa during refeeding is associated with binge-purge behavior, lower body mass index, and hypoalbuminemia. J Eat Disord. 2021;9(1):95. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-021-00452-2.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"751_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2018.07.014","volume":"3","author":"HB Yalamanchili","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yalamanchili HB, Calp-Inal S, Zhou XJ, Choudhury D. Hypokalemic nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep. 2018;3(6):1482\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2018.07.014.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"751_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.krcp.2014.10.009","volume":"34","author":"EY Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee EY, Yoon H, Yi JH, Jung WY, Han SW, Kim HJ. Does hypokalemia contribute to acute kidney injury in chronic laxative abuse? Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2015;34(2):109\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.krcp.2014.10.009.","journal-title":"Kidney Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"751_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfv154","volume":"9","author":"S Elitok","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elitok S, Bieringer M, Schneider W, Luft FC. Kaliopenic nephropathy revisited. Clin Kidney J. 2016;9(4):543\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfv154.","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"5","key":"751_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.56.7594","volume":"56","author":"S Hasegawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hasegawa S, Shibata M, Mochizuki M, Katsuki T, Tada M, Hinoshita F. Non-uniform progression of chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis and widespread nephrocalcification in a patient with anorexia nervosa. Intern Med. 2017;56(5):545\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/internalmedicine.56.7594.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"751_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1159\/000501855","volume":"44","author":"M Sidler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sidler M, Mohebbi N, Hoorn EJ, Wagner CA. Gut it out: laxative abuse mimicking distal renal tubular acidosis. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2019;44(5):1294\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000501855.","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"751_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.08.003","volume":"57","author":"SE Strandjord","year":"2015","unstructured":"Strandjord SE, Sieke EH, Richmond M, Rome ES. Avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder: illness and hospital course in patients hospitalized for nutritional insufficiency. J Adolesc Health. 2015;57(6):673\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.08.003.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"751_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23049","volume":"52","author":"SH Makhzoumi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Makhzoumi SH, Schreyer CC, Hansen JL, Laddaran LA, Redgrave GW, Guarda AS. Hospital course of underweight youth with ARFID treated with a meal-based behavioral protocol in an inpatient-partial hospitalization program for eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(4):428\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23049.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"751_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-020-00303-6","volume":"8","author":"D Gibson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gibson D, Watters A, Cost J, Mascolo M, Mehler PS. Extreme anorexia nervosa: medical findings, outcomes, and inferences from a retrospective cohort. J Eat Disord. 2020;8:25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-020-00303-6.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"751_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8122202","author":"E Reber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reber E, Friedli N, Vasiloglou MF, Schuetz P, Stanga Z. Management of refeeding syndrome in medical inpatients. J Clin Med. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8122202.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"751_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10122555","author":"L Puckett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Puckett L, Grayeb D, Khatri V, Cass K, Mehler P. A comprehensive review of complications and new findings associated with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Med. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10122555.","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"751_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.88a.20168","volume":"88","author":"A Nitsch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nitsch A, Dlugosz H, Gibson D, Mehler PS. Medical complications of bulimia nervosa. Cleve Clin J Med. 2021;88(6):333\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3949\/ccjm.88a.20168.","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"751_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23664","volume":"55","author":"PS Mehler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mehler PS, Watters A, Joiner T, Krantz MJ. What accounts for the high mortality of anorexia nervosa? Int J Eat Disord. 2022;55(5):633\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23664.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"751_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-018-00636-x","volume":"24","author":"A Krogulska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krogulska A, Nowicka D, Nowicki Z, Parz\u0119cka M, Sakson-S\u0142omi\u0144ska A, Kuczy\u0144ska R. A loss of consciousness in a teenage girl with anorexia nervosa, due to polydipsia: case report and a minireview. Eat Weight Disord. 2019;24(5):969\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-018-00636-x.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"751_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20792","volume":"44","author":"A Bahia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bahia A, Chu ES, Mehler PS. Polydipsia and hyponatremia in a woman with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2011;44(2):186\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20792.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"751_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2016.03.015","volume":"32","author":"Y Levy-Shraga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Levy-Shraga Y, David D, Vered I, Kochavi B, Stein D, Modan-Moses D. Hyponatremia and decreased bone density in adolescent inpatients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Nutrition. 2016;32(10):1097\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2016.03.015.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"751_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8194160","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8194160","volume":"2016","author":"M El Ghoch","year":"2016","unstructured":"El Ghoch M, Calugi S, Dalle GR. Management of severe rhabdomyolysis and exercise-associated hyponatremia in a female with anorexia nervosa and excessive compulsive exercising. Case Rep Med. 2016;2016:8194160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/8194160.","journal-title":"Case Rep Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"751_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22973","volume":"51","author":"ED Boyd","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boyd ED, Durant NH. Recurrent hyponatremia in a young adult woman with anorexia nervosa and the effects of insufficient communication. Int J Eat Disord. 2018;51(12):1378\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22973.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"751_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105722","volume":"192","author":"T Vladimirov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vladimirov T, Dreikorn M, Stahl K, M\u00fcller A, Hupe J, Kraft P. Central pontine myelinolysis in a patient with bulimia: case report and literature review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2020;192:105722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105722.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"751_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.3.353","volume":"74","author":"T Sugimoto","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sugimoto T, Murata T, Omori M, Wada Y. Central pontine myelinolysis associated with hypokalaemia in anorexia nervosa. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74(3):353\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.74.3.353.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"751_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20825","volume":"44","author":"PS Mehler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mehler PS. Medical complications of bulimia nervosa and their treatments. Int J Eat Disord. 2011;44(2):95\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20825.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"751_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2017.02.004","volume":"47","author":"M Castillo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Castillo M, Weiselberg E. Bulimia nervosa\/purging disorder. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2017;47(4):85\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cppeds.2017.02.004.","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care"},{"key":"751_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-44942-7.00055-8","volume-title":"Critical care nephrology","author":"P-M Villeneuve","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villeneuve P-M, Bagshaw SM. Chapter 55: Assessment of urine biochemistry. In: Ronco C, Bellomo R, Kellum JA, Ricci Z, editors. Critical care nephrology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019. p. 323- 8.e1.","edition":"3"},{"issue":"5","key":"751_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533612446799","volume":"27","author":"KS Raj","year":"2012","unstructured":"Raj KS, Keane-Miller C, Golden NH. Hypomagnesemia in adolescents with eating disorders hospitalized for medical instability. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012;27(5):689\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0884533612446799.","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"751_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/s0033-3182(88)72362-2","volume":"29","author":"RC Hall","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hall RC, Hoffman RS, Beresford TP, Wooley B, Tice L, Hall AK. Hypomagnesemia in patients with eating disorders. Psychosomatics. 1988;29(3):264\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0033-3182(88)72362-2.","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"751_CR46","unstructured":"Gragossian A BK, Friede R. Hypomagnesemia. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Accessed 15 2022 May 2022."},{"key":"751_CR47","unstructured":"Sharma SHM, Castro D. Hypophosphatemia. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022."},{"issue":"7","key":"751_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22406","volume":"48","author":"CA Brown","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brown CA, Sabel AL, Gaudiani JL, Mehler PS. Predictors of hypophosphatemia during refeeding of patients with severe anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48(7):898\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22406.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"751_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2014.1000111","volume":"23","author":"K Sachs","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sachs K, Andersen D, Sommer J, Winkelman A, Mehler PS. Avoiding medical complications during the refeeding of patients with anorexia nervosa. Eat Disord. 2015;23(5):411\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10640266.2014.1000111.","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"751_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20906","volume":"45","author":"A Bahia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bahia A, Mascolo M, Gaudiani JL, Mehler PS. PseudoBartter syndrome in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2012;45(1):150\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20906.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"751_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22500","volume":"49","author":"M Mascolo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mascolo M, McBride J, Mehler PS. Effective medical treatment strategies to help cessation of purging behaviors. Int J Eat Disord. 2016;49(3):324\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22500.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"751_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22035","volume":"45","author":"M Mascolo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mascolo M, Trent S, Colwell C, Mehler PS. What the emergency department needs to know when caring for your patients with eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2012;45(8):977\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22035.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"}],"container-title":["Journal of Eating Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-023-00751-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40337-023-00751-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-023-00751-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T08:28:22Z","timestamp":1676881702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40337-023-00751-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-023-00751-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-2974"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-2974","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 February 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"I consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"I consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"There are no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"26"}}