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Matched subsamples were also compared regarding faster versus slower weight change (median split). Furthermore, within-subject analyses compared weight gain trajectories before versus after antipsychotic use in antipsychotic-treated youth. These results were then compared in a pre-\/post design with the matched control group without antipsychotic treatment, using the mean duration until antipsychotic use in the antipsychotic-treated group as the dividing timeline, controlling for a potential order effect, in that later rather than earlier antipsychotic treatment for AN may be more successful.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of 294 youth with AN (median age\u2009=\u200915.2 (interquartile range\u2009=\u200914.0, 16.6) years, females\u2009=\u200996.6%, restricting subtype\u2009=\u200981.0%, hospitalization duration\u2009=\u200998.2\u2009\u00b1\u200943.2 days), 44 (15.0%) underwent 52 antipsychotic trials (olanzapine\u2009=\u200963.5%). In multivariable analyses, antipsychotic use was independently associated with younger age, childhood physical abuse history, comorbid borderline personality traits, and lower pre-antipsychotic weight gain (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). In unmatched groups, antipsychotic-treated versus non-treated youth had significantly lower discharge anthropometric parameters, longer inpatient treatment, and lower weight change\/week (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001\u2013<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005), without significant differences between olanzapine and non-olanzapine antipsychotics (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.27\u20130.44). Non-significant antipsychotic effects on weight outcomes were confirmed in (1) matched subgroups of antipsychotic-treated versus non-treated youth (n\u2009=\u200943 each), (2) youth with faster versus slower weight gain (n\u2009=\u200921 vs. n\u2009=\u200922), and (3) antipsychotic-treated youth when comparing weight change before versus after antipsychotic use (n\u2009=\u200931). Moreover, in antipsychotic-treated youth, weight change\/week remained significantly lower versus matched non-antipsychotic-treated youth (n\u2009=\u200931) both before (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.053) and after (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006) the median time (5 weeks) until antipsychotic use.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this naturalistic study, clinician's antipsychotic choice, given to a more severely ill subgroup of adolescents with AN, did not significantly improve overall worse weight change trajectories during inpatient treatment, even in matched subgroups. Randomized trials in individuals reflecting real-world samples are needed to evaluate the utility of antipsychotic treatment in youth with AN.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-023-00862-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T10:01:56Z","timestamp":1693994516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antipsychotic effects on anthropometric outcomes in anorexia nervosa: a retrospective chart review of hospitalized children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Bettina","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3368-1688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3086-3897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Jaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7254-5646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph U.","family":"Correll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"862_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22316","volume":"47","author":"FRE Smink","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smink FRE, van Hoeken D, Oldehinkel AJ, Hoek HW. 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EA2\/112\/19). All patient data routinely collected and stored in the context of hospital treatment were anonymized for research purposes before evaluation. The information has been treated following the Data Protection Act 2017 and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR; 33). For the retrospective chart review, patients' formal consent was not required from the local Ethics Committee of the Charit\u00e9-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"For a retrospective chart review based on routinely assessed clinical parameters, patients' consent for publication was not required from the local Ethics Committee of the Charit\u00e9-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors BF, SA, and CJ declare that they have no competing interests. CC has been a consultant and\/or advisor to or has received honoraria from AbbVie, Acadia, Alkermes, Allergan, Angelini, Aristo, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Cardio Diagnostics, Cerevel, CNX Therapeutics, Compass Pathways, Darnitsa, Denovo, Gedeon Richter, Hikma, Holmusk, IntraCellular Therapies, Janssen\/J&J, Karuna, LB Pharma, Lundbeck, MedAvante-ProPhase, MedInCell, Merck, Mindpax, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mylan, Neurocrine, Newron, Noven, Otsuka, Pharmabrain, PPD Biotech, Recordati, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Seqirus, SK Life Science, Sunovion, Sun Pharma, Supernus, Takeda, Teva, and Viatris. He provided expert testimony for Janssen and Otsuka. He served on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Compass Pathways, Denovo, Lundbeck, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Supernus, and Teva. He has received grant support from Janssen and Takeda. He received royalties from UpToDate and is also a stock option holder of Cardio Diagnostics, Mindpax, LB Pharma, and Quantic.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"151"}}