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In addition, research on psychological outcomes of eating disorder (ED) inpatient treatment programs, and outcomes of high-energy protocols in avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and bulimia nervosa (BN), is limited. This study of an ED inpatient program using a high-energy protocol, compared changes in weight and psychosocial outcomes between adolescents and adults, and identified medical risk factors associated with deviation from the protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective observational study took place in a voluntary ED treatment program in a private hospital. Weight, height, and psychosocial questionnaires (ED Examination-Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Score, Clinical Impairment Assessment and AN\/BN Stage of Change) were collected from consenting adolescents (16\u201320 years) and adults (&gt;\u200920 years) on admission and discharge. Medical tolerance to the high-energy protocol was assessed daily. Independent samples t-tests and paired samples t-tests were applied to normally distributed data, and Mann\u2013Whitney U tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to skewed data. P-values\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 were considered significant statistically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-seven participants were recruited. The majority (n\u2009=\u200991, 94%) were female and most (n\u2009=\u200980, 83%) had AN. Forty-two (43%) were adolescents and 55 (57%) were adults. In participants with AN, weight change (\u0394) was significant [median \u0394 8.0 (interquartile\u00a0range (IQR) 4.3) kg]. There was no difference in rate of weight change between adolescents and adults with AN [mean \u0394 1.8 (standard deviation (SD) 0.5) kg\/week vs. \u0394 1.8 (SD 0.6) kg\/week; p\u2009=\u20090.841, respectively]. One (1%) participant with AN did not tolerate the high-energy protocol due to oedema. Participants achieved positive change in psychosocial questionnaire scores (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) after the the specialist ED program, with no difference between adolescents and adults (p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This voluntary ED treatment program using a high energy re-feeding protocol was effective in achieving positive weight and psychological change for adolescents and adults with minimal adverse events. This indicates that the specialist ED program has both nutritional and psychological benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-024-01015-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T08:01:59Z","timestamp":1715673719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A prospective observational study examining weight and psychosocial change in adolescent and adult eating disorder inpatients admitted for nutritional rehabilitation using a high-energy re-feeding protocol"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fiona","family":"Salter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urvashnee","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1015_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22501","volume":"49","author":"MM Fichter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fichter MM, Quadflieg N. 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This study was approved by the Ramsay Health Care WA\/SA Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC 2056) and Curtin University Ethics Committee (Reciprocal ethics approval approval number HRE2022-0033).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"58"}}