{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:27:17Z","timestamp":1792801637982,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049qz7x77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010809","name":"Jascha Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"A.P. M\u00f8llers Fond"},{"name":"G.J.\u2019s Fond"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001734","name":"Copenhagen University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Eat Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma lipid concentrations in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) seem to be altered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a naturalistic study with 75 adult female patients with AN and 26 healthy female controls (HC). We measured plasma lipid profile, sex hormones and used self-report questionnaires at admission and discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Total cholesterol (median (IQR): 4.9 (1.2)) and triglycerides (TG) (1.2 (0.8)) were elevated in AN at admission (BMI 15.3 (3.4)) compared with HC (4.3 (0.7),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003 and 0.9 (0.3),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006) and remained elevated at discharge (BMI 18.9 (2.9)) after weight restoration treatment. Estradiol (0.05 (0.1)) and testosterone (0.5 (0.7)) were lower in AN compared with HC (0.3 (0.3),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and 0.8 (0.5),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) and remained low at discharge. There was no change in eating disorder symptoms. Depression symptoms decreased (33 (17) to 30.5 (19), (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007)). Regression analyses showed that illness duration was a predictor of TG, age was a predictor of total cholesterol and LDL, while educational attainment predicted LDL and TG.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lipid concentrations remained elevated following weight restoration treatment, suggesting an underlying, premorbid dysregulation in the lipid metabolism in AN that persists following weight restoration. Elevated lipid concentrations may be present prior to illness onset in AN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of evidence: III<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case\u2013control analytic studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-024-01055-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T08:02:30Z","timestamp":1719907350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A naturalistic study of plasma lipid alterations in female patients with anorexia nervosa before and after weight restoration treatment"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alia Arif","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik Lykke","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone Daugaard","family":"Hemmingsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Bulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 Klinkby","family":"St\u00f8ving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Magnus","family":"Sj\u00f6gren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1055_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20128","volume":"13","author":"E Chesney","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chesney E, Goodwin GM, Fazel S. Risks of all-cause and suicide mortality in mental disorders: a meta-review. World Psychiatry. 2014;13(2):153\u201360.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"1055_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5\u00ae). Association AP, editor","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5\u00ae). Association AP, editor. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013."},{"issue":"4","key":"1055_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20367","volume":"40","author":"CM Bulik","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bulik CM, Berkman ND, Brownley KA, Sedway JA, Lohr KN. Anorexia nervosa treatment: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Eat Disord. 2007;40(4):310\u201320.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1055_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m10393","volume":"78","author":"KT Eddy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eddy KT, Tabri N, Thomas JJ, Murray HB, Keshaviah A, Hastings E, et al. Recovery from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa at 22-year follow-up. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78(2):184\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"1055_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0439-2","volume":"51","author":"HJ Watson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Watson HJ, Yilmaz Z, Thornton LM, H\u00fcbel C, Coleman JRI, Gaspar HA, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies eight risk loci and implicates metabo-psychiatric origins for anorexia nervosa. Nat Genet. 2019;51(8):1207\u201314.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1055_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23051","volume":"52","author":"AA Hussain","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hussain AA, Hubel C, Hindborg M, Lindkvist E, Kastrup AM, Yilmaz Z, et al. Increased lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(6):611\u201329.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1055_CR7","first-page":"197","volume":"48","author":"M Haluz\u00edk","year":"1999","unstructured":"Haluz\u00edk M, Papezov\u00e1 M, Nedv\u00eddkov\u00e1 J, K\u00e1brt J. Serum leptin levels in patients with anorexia nervosa before and after partial refeeding, relationships to serum lipids and biochemical nutritional parameters. Physiol Res. 1999;48(3):197\u2013202.","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1055_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"I","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2007.03.003","volume":"1","author":"LK Heilbronn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Heilbronn LK, Milner KL, Kriketos A, Russell J, Campbell LV. Metabolic dysfunction in anorexia nervosa. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2007;1(2):I\u2013II.","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"1055_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932163","volume":"61","author":"P Kavalkova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kavalkova P, Dostalova I, Haluzikova D, Trachta P, Hanusova V, Lacinova Z, et al. Preadipocyte factor-1 concentrations in patients with anorexia nervosa: the influence of partial realimentation. Physiol Res. 2012;61(2):153\u20139.","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1055_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(95)02777-7","volume":"59","author":"M Lejoyeux","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lejoyeux M, Bouvard MP, Viret J, Daveloose D, Ades J, Dugas M. Modifications of erythrocyte membrane fluidity from patients with anorexia nervosa before and after refeeding. Psychiatry Res. 1996;59(3):255\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1055_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.08.043","volume":"149","author":"M Misra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Misra M, Miller KK, Tsai P, Stewart V, End A, Freed N, et al. Uncoupling of cardiovascular risk markers in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. J Pediatr. 2006;149(6):763\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"1055_CR12","first-page":"384","volume":"83","author":"R Mordasini","year":"1977","unstructured":"Mordasini R, Klose G, Heuck C, Augustin J. Greten H [Secondary hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa in anorexia nervosa]. Verh Dtsch Ges Inn Med. 1977;83:384\u20136.","journal-title":"Verh Dtsch Ges Inn Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1055_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2007.00833.x","volume":"21","author":"E Nova","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nova E, Lopez-Vidriero I, Varela P, Casas J, Marcos A. Evolution of serum biochemical indicators in anorexia nervosa patients: a 1-year follow-up study. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2008;21(1):23\u201330.","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1055_CR14","first-page":"19","volume":"28","author":"D Rigaud","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rigaud D. Role of fat nutriments, different types of fatty acids and fat contributions on dyslipoportinemias of undernourished patients with anorexia mentosa when submitted to renutrition. Medecine et Chirurgie Digestives. 1999;28(1):19\u201321.","journal-title":"Medecine et Chirurgie Digestives"},{"issue":"4","key":"1055_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.26","volume":"21","author":"PB Shih","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shih PB, Yang J, Morisseau C, German JB, Zeeland AA, Armando AM, et al. Dysregulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase and lipidomic profiles in anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21(4):537\u201346.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1055_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03423.x","volume":"71","author":"AK Uzum","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uzum AK, Yucel B, Omer B, Issever H, Ozbey NC. Leptin concentration indexed to fat mass is increased in untreated anorexia nervosa (AN) patients. Clin Endocrinol. 2009;71(1):33\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1055_CR17","first-page":"1531","volume":"13","author":"V Matzkin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Matzkin V, Slobodianik N, Pallaro A, Bello M, Geissler C. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with anorexia nervosa. Int J Psychiatr Nurs Res. 2007;13(1):1531\u201345.","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatr Nurs Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1055_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-015-0202-3","volume":"20","author":"C Brown","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brown C, Mehler PS. Medical complications of anorexia nervosa and their treatments: an update on some critical aspects. Eat Weight Disord EWD. 2015;20(4):419\u201325.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord EWD"},{"issue":"4","key":"1055_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000127873.31062.80","volume":"66","author":"A Favaro","year":"2004","unstructured":"Favaro A, Caregaro L, Di Pascoli L, Brambilla F, Santonastaso P. Total serum cholesterol and suicidality in anorexia nervosa. Psychosom Med. 2004;66(4):548\u201352.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1055_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.150079","volume":"41","author":"S Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu S, Ding Y, Wu F, Xie G, Hou J, Mao P. Serum lipid levels and suicidality: a meta-analysis of 65 epidemiological studies. J Psychiatry Neurosci JPN. 2016;41(1):56\u201369.","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci JPN"},{"issue":"10","key":"1055_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.1478","volume":"73","author":"MA Oquendo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oquendo MA, Galfalvy H, Sullivan GM, Miller JM, Milak MM, Sublette ME, et al. Positron emission tomographic imaging of the serotonergic system and prediction of risk and lethality of future suicidal behavior. JAMA Psychiat. 2016;73(10):1048\u201355.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1055_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R9","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0596","volume":"180","author":"RK St\u00f8ving","year":"2019","unstructured":"St\u00f8ving RK. Mechanisms in endocrinology: anorexia nervosa and endocrinology: a clinical update. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019;180(1):R9-r27.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1055_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13258","volume":"105","author":"I Swenne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Swenne I. Plasma cholesterol is related to menstrual status in adolescent girls with eating disorders and weight loss. Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992). 2016;105(3):317\u201323.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992)"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"1055_CR24","first-page":"18S","volume":"72","author":"L Fahraeus","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fahraeus L. The effects of estradiol on blood lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol. 1988;72(5 Suppl):18S-22S.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1055_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030242","volume":"88","author":"MC Carr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carr MC. The emergence of the metabolic syndrome with menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(6):2404\u201311.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"1055_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10040895","volume":"10","author":"JT Stadler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stadler JT, Lackner S, M\u00f6rkl S, Meier-Allard N, Scharnagl H, Rani A, et al. Anorexia nervosa is associated with a shift to pro-atherogenic low-density lipoprotein subclasses. Biomedicines. 2022;10(4):895.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"12","key":"1055_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2021.02.014","volume":"60","author":"FI Tam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tam FI, Gerl MJ, Klose C, Surma MA, King JA, Seidel M, et al. Adverse effects of refeeding on the plasma lipidome in young individuals with anorexia nervosa? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021;60(12):1479\u201390.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"1055_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24063","volume":"56","author":"AA Hussain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hussain AA, Bilgin M, Carlsson J, Foged MM, Mortensen EL, Bulik CM, et al. Elevated lipid class concentrations in females with anorexia nervosa before and after intensive weight restoration treatment-A lipidomics study. Int J Eat Disord. 2023;56(12):2260\u201372.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"1055_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082331","volume":"12","author":"E Speranza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Speranza E, Santarpia L, Marra M, De Filippo E, Di Vincenzo O, Morlino D, et al. Long-term outcomes from a 10-year follow-up of women living with a restrictive eating disorder: a brief report. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2331.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"1055_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11111079","volume":"11","author":"M Sj\u00f6gren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6gren M, Kizilkaya I, St\u00f8ving RK. Inpatient weight restoration treatment is associated with decrease in post-meal anxiety. J Personal Med. 2021;11(11):1079.","journal-title":"J Personal Med"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"1055_CR31","first-page":"1379","volume":"29","author":"H Dilshad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dilshad H, Ismail R, Naveed S, Usmanghani K, Alam MT, Sarwar G. Effect of hormonal contraceptives on serum lipids: a prospective study. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2016;29(4 Suppl):1379\u201382.","journal-title":"Pak J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"1055_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","volume":"95","author":"PA Harris","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Minor BL, Elliott V, Fernandez M, O\u2019Neal L, et al. The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners. J Biomed Inform. 2019;95:103208.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"10","key":"1055_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.12.047","volume":"67","author":"SL Driver","year":"2016","unstructured":"Driver SL, Martin SS, Gluckman TJ, Clary JM, Blumenthal RS, Stone NJ. Fasting or nonfasting lipid measurements. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(10):1227\u201334.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1055_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-3962","volume":"9","author":"MM Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu MM, Peng J, Cao YX, Guo YL, Wu NQ, Zhu CG, et al. The difference between fasting and non-fasting lipid measurements is not related to statin treatment. Ann Transl Med. 2021;9(5):386.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"1055_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.804146","volume":"118","author":"A Langsted","year":"2008","unstructured":"Langsted A, Freiberg JJ, Nordestgaard BG. Fasting and nonfasting lipid levels: influence of normal food intake on lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and cardiovascular risk prediction. Circulation. 2008;118(20):2047\u201356.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"13","key":"1055_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.08.006","volume":"70","author":"BG Nordestgaard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nordestgaard BG. A test in context: lipid profile, fasting versus nonfasting. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(13):1637\u201346.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1055_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199412)16:4<363::AID-EAT2260160405>3.0.CO;2-#","volume":"16","author":"CG Fairburn","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fairburn CG, Beglin SJ. Assessment of eating disorders: interview or self-report questionnaire? Int J Eat Disord. 1994;16(4):363\u201370.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1055_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.945","volume":"17","author":"L Clausen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clausen L, Rokkedal K, Rosenvinge JH. Validating the eating disorder inventory (EDI-2) in two Danish samples: a comparison between female eating disorder patients and females from the general population. Eur Eat Disord Rev J Eat Disord Assoc. 2009;17(6):462\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev J Eat Disord Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1055_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006724","volume":"33","author":"L Olsen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Olsen L, Jensen D, Noerholm V, Martiny K, Bech P. The internal and external validity of the Major Depression Inventory in measuring severity of depressive states. Psychol Med. 2003;33(2):351.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"7033","key":"1055_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7033.770","volume":"312","author":"JM Bland","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bland JM, Altman DG. Transforming data. BMJ (Clin Res Ed). 1996;312(7033):770.","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"9","key":"1055_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487313485513","volume":"21","author":"GS Olsen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Olsen GS, Holm AS, J\u00f8rgensen T, Borglykke A. Distribution of ideal cardiovascular health by educational levels from 1978 to 2006: a time trend study from the capital region of Denmark. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2014;21(9):1145\u201352.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1055_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2018.1471921","volume":"26","author":"S Calugi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Calugi S, Chignola E, El Ghoch M, Dalle GR. Starvation symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa: a longitudinal study. Eat Disord. 2018;26(6):523\u201337.","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1055_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23281","volume":"53","author":"AM Bardone-Cone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bardone-Cone AM, Miller AJ, Thompson KA, Walsh EC. Predicting a comprehensive operationalization of eating disorder recovery: examining self-concept, personality, and negative affect. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53(6):987\u201396.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1055_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2822","volume":"29","author":"F Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda F, Treasure J, Paslakis G, Ag\u00fcera Z, Gim\u00e9nez M, Granero R, et al. The impact of duration of illness on treatment nonresponse and drop-out: exploring the relevance of enduring eating disorder concept. Eur Eat Disord Rev J Eat Disord Assoc. 2021;29(3):499\u2013513.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev J Eat Disord Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"1055_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01226-0","volume":"27","author":"R Serra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Serra R, Di Nicolantonio C, Di Febo R, De Crescenzo F, Vanderlinden J, Vrieze E, et al. The transition from restrictive anorexia nervosa to binging and purging: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eat Weight Disord EWD. 2022;27(3):857\u201365.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord EWD"},{"issue":"8","key":"1055_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.03.004","volume":"22","author":"C Foulon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Foulon C, Guelfi JD, Kipman A, Ad\u00e8s J, Romo L, Houdeyer K, et al. Switching to the bingeing\/purging subtype of anorexia nervosa is frequently associated with suicidal attempts. Eur Psychiatry J Assoc Eur Psychiatr. 2007;22(8):513\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry J Assoc Eur Psychiatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1055_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.10.009","volume":"198","author":"RK St\u00f8ving","year":"2012","unstructured":"St\u00f8ving RK, Andries A, Brixen KT, Bilenberg N, Lichtenstein MB, H\u00f8rder K. Purging behavior in anorexia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified: a retrospective cohort study. Psychiatry Res. 2012;198(2):253\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1055_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00019-6","volume":"41","author":"G Waller","year":"2003","unstructured":"Waller G, Babbs M, Wright F, Potterton C, Meyer C, Leung N. Somatoform dissociation in eating-disordered patients. Behav Res Ther. 2003;41(5):619\u201327.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"1055_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74","volume":"68","author":"J Arcelus","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arcelus J, Mitchell AJ, Wales J, Nielsen S. Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. A meta-analysis of 36 studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(7):724\u201331.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1055_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20011","volume":"36","author":"M Pompili","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pompili M, Mancinelli I, Girardi P, Ruberto A, Tatarelli R. Suicide in anorexia nervosa: a meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord. 2004;36(1):99\u2013103.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"1055_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03327602","volume":"12","author":"A Tomova","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tomova A, Makker K, Kirilov G, Agarwal A, Kumanov P. Disturbances in gonadal axis in women with anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord. 2007;12(4):e92\u20137.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1055_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/57.3.319","volume":"57","author":"P Barbe","year":"1993","unstructured":"Barbe P, Bennet A, Stebenet M, Perret B, Louvet JP. Sex-hormone-binding globulin and protein-energy malnutrition indexes as indicators of nutritional status in women with anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993;57(3):319\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"1055_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1986.tb03287.x","volume":"24","author":"B Estour","year":"1986","unstructured":"Estour B, Pugeat M, Lang F, Dechaud H, Pellet J, Rousset H. Sex hormone binding globulin in women with anorexia nervosa. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1986;24(5):571\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1055_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002646","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002646","volume":"3","author":"N Micali","year":"2013","unstructured":"Micali N, Hagberg KW, Petersen I, Treasure JL. The incidence of eating disorders in the UK in 2000\u20132009: findings from the General Practice Research Database. BMJ Open. 2013;3(5):e002646.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"1055_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.16","volume":"71","author":"CB Pedersen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pedersen CB, Mors O, Bertelsen A, Waltoft BL, Agerbo E, McGrath JJ, et al. A comprehensive nationwide study of the incidence rate and lifetime risk for treated mental disorders. JAMA Psychiat. 2014;71(5):573\u201381.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"issue":"8","key":"1055_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e765","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13m08365","volume":"74","author":"M Misra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Misra M, Katzman DK, Estella NM, Eddy KT, Weigel T, Goldstein MA, et al. Impact of physiologic estrogen replacement on anxiety symptoms, body shape perception, and eating attitudes in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa: data from a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):e765\u201371.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"1055_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.04.007","volume":"152","author":"AS Guarda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guarda AS, Schreyer CC, Boersma GJ, Tamashiro KL, Moran TH. Anorexia nervosa as a motivated behavior: relevance of anxiety, stress, fear and learning. Physiol Behav. 2015;152(Pt B):466\u201372.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"1055_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1683-1","volume":"18","author":"G Paslakis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paslakis G, Maas S, Gebhardt B, Mayr A, Rauh M, Erim Y. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIa clinical trial on the effects of an estrogen-progestin combination as add-on to inpatient psychotherapy in adult female patients suffering from anorexia nervosa. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18(1):93.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"1055_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0621","volume":"68","author":"KK Miller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller KK, Wexler TL, Zha AM, Lawson EA, Meenaghan EM, Misra M, et al. Androgen deficiency: association with increased anxiety and depression symptom severity in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68(6):959\u201365.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"1055_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4347","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00828","volume":"104","author":"A Kimball","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kimball A, Schorr M, Meenaghan E, Bachmann KN, Eddy KT, Misra M, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of low-dose testosterone therapy in women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(10):4347\u201355.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1055_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852914000480","volume":"20","author":"CE Schiller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schiller CE, Meltzer-Brody S, Rubinow DR. The role of reproductive hormones in postpartum depression. CNS Spectr. 2015;20(1):48\u201359.","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"1055_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2020.100856","volume":"59","author":"I Sundstr\u00f6m-Poromaa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sundstr\u00f6m-Poromaa I, Comasco E, Sumner R, Luders E. Progesterone\u2014friend or foe? Front Neuroendocrinol. 2020;59:100856.","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1055_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-019-00830-5","volume":"25","author":"Z Abdelhadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdelhadi Z, Bladbjerg EM, Jensen DM, Schousboe A, St\u00f8ving RK. Venous thromboembolism in anorexia nervosa: four cases from a specialized unit. Indication for thromboprophylaxis? Eat Weight Disord EWD. 2020;25(6):1833\u20137.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord EWD."}],"container-title":["Journal of Eating Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-024-01055-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40337-024-01055-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-024-01055-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T08:05:02Z","timestamp":1719907502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40337-024-01055-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-024-01055-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-2974"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-2974","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Central Region in Copenhagen (ID: H-15012537; addendum 77106).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants signed informed consent prior to the study for participation in the study and subsequent dissemination of results. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03224091.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"92"}}