{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:37:23Z","timestamp":1790199443626,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019-01127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-01127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003252","name":"Lund University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Eat Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study explored eating disorders (ED) prevalences, comorbidity of ED with other mental disorders, and risk factors for ED among university students. ED included binge eating disorder (BED), bulimia nervosa (BN), or other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 3425 first-year university students in Sweden completed an online survey covering a range of criteria for psychiatric diagnoses, within the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative. Pearson\u2019s \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      -tests were used to compare algorithm-based diagnostic prevalences for eating disorders and other comorbid psychiatric disorders between three groups: students with ED with or without other comorbid psychiatric disorders (A), students with psychiatric disorders but no ED comorbidity (B), and students with no psychiatric disorders (C). Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate between-group comparisons of odds ratios for independent risk factors, where group B served as the reference group for comparisons with groups A and C.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the total sample, 75% had at least one psychiatric disorder and 28% had at least one lifetime ED diagnosis. Students with ED (group A) reported higher prevalences for comorbid anxiety disorders, depression, suicidal behavior, and non-suicidal self-injury compared to students with psychiatric disorders but no ED (group B). Group A participants exhibited a higher risk of hazardous drinking, were more likely to have received medical treatment, and to identify as bisexual. Compared to group B, students with no psychiatric disorders (group C) were more likely to report better mental and physical health, but less likely to engage in hazardous drinking, and to have sought mental health treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A large proportion of students with ED had additional psychiatric disorders, indicating that individuals with ED suffer from multiple mental health problems. It is crucial that student health services acquire competency to offer effective ED assessment and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-025-01230-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T07:33:14Z","timestamp":1742455994000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Eating disorders and psychiatric comorbidity among first-year university students in Sweden: Prevalence and risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Catharina","family":"Strid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Lindfors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claes","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne H.","family":"Berman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1230_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01162-z","volume":"27","author":"J Qian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qian J, Wu Y, Liu F, Zhu Y, Jin H, et al. An update on the prevalence of eating disorders in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eat Weight Disord Stud Anorex Bulim Obes. 2022;27:415\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01162-z.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord Stud Anorex Bulim Obes."},{"key":"1230_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-023-00738-7","volume":"11","author":"P Hay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hay P, Aouad P, Le A, Marks P, Maloney D, et al. Epidemiology of eating disorders: population, prevalence, disease burden and quality of life informing public policy in Australia\u2014a rapid review. J Eat Disord. 2023;11:23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-023-00738-7.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1230_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/19012276.2017.1410071","volume":"70","author":"C Dahlgren Lindvall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dahlgren Lindvall C, Stedal K, Wisting L. A systematic review of eating disorder prevalence in the Nordic countries: 1994\u20132016. Nord Psychol. 2018;70:209\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19012276.2017.1410071.","journal-title":"Nord Psychol"},{"key":"1230_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23236","volume":"53","author":"Y Sil\u00e9n","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sil\u00e9n Y, Sipil\u00e4 PN, Raevuori A, et al. DSM-5 eating disorders among adolescents and young adults in Finland: a public health concern. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53:520\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23236.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"109","key":"1230_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy342","volume":"2019","author":"M Galmiche","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galmiche M, Dechelotte P, Lambert G, Tavolacci MP. Prevalence of eating disorders over the 2000\u20132018 period: a systematic literature review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;2019(109):1402\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy342.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1230_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22467","volume":"48","author":"NK Javaras","year":"2015","unstructured":"Javaras NK, Runfola CD, Thornton LM, Agerbo E, Birgegard A, et al. Sex- and age-specific incidence of healthcare-register-recorded eating disorders in the complete Swedish 1979\u20132001 birth cohort. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48:1070\u201381.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1230_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16e2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.03.003","volume":"65","author":"S Zerwas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zerwas S, Larsen TJ, Petersen L, Thornton LM, Mortensen PB, et al. The incidence of eating disorders in a Danish register study: associations with suicide risk and mortality. J Psychiatr Res. 2015;65:16e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.03.003.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"1230_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arnett JJ. Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road from the Late Teens Through the Twenties. 2014 Oxford University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199929382.001.0001","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199929382.001.0001"},{"key":"1230_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716001665","volume":"46","author":"RP Auerbach","year":"2016","unstructured":"Auerbach RP, Alonso J, Axinn WG, Cuijpers P, Ebert DD, et al. Mental disorders among college students in the world health organization world mental health surveys. Psychol Med. 2016;46:2955\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291716001665.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1230_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000362","volume":"127","author":"RP Auerbach","year":"2018","unstructured":"Auerbach RP, Mortier P, Bruffaert R, Alonso J, Benjet C, et al. WHO world mental health surveys international college student project: prevalence and distribution of mental disorders. J Abnorm Psychol. 2018;127:623\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000362.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"1230_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/c00cad36-en","author":"OECD","year":"2024","unstructured":"OECD. Education at a Glance 2024: OECD Indicators. OECD Publishing, Paris,. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/c00cad36-en.","journal-title":"OECD Publishing, Paris,"},{"key":"1230_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fekih-Romdhane F, Daher-Nashif S, Alhuwailah AH, Al Gahtani HMS, Hubail SA, et al. The prevalence of\u00a0feeding and\u00a0eating disorders symptomology in\u00a0medical students: an\u00a0updated systematic review, meta-analysis, and\u00a0meta-regression. Eat Weight Disord-St. On-line 24 Januari 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01351-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01351-w"},{"key":"1230_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03761-1","volume":"22","author":"VN Mutiso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mutiso VN, Ndetei DM, Muia EN, Alietsi RK, Onsinyo L, et al. The prevalance of binge eating disorder and associated psychiatric and substance use disorders in a student population in Kenya \u2013 towards a public health approach. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22:122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-022-03761-1.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"1230_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-022-01452-0","volume":"27","author":"OA Alhaj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alhaj OA, Fekih-Romdhane F, Sweidan DH, Saif Z, Khudhair MF, Ghazzawi H, Mohammed SH, Nadar SS, Alhajeri MP, Levine HJ. The prevalence and\u00a0risk factors of\u00a0screen-based disordered eating among\u00a0university students: a\u00a0global systematic review, meta-analysis, and\u00a0meta-regression. Eating Weight Disord Stud Anorexia Bulimia Obesity. 2022;27(8):3215\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-022-01452-0.","journal-title":"Eating Weight Disord Stud Anorexia Bulimia Obesity"},{"key":"1230_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23211","volume":"53","author":"R Serra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Serra R, Kiekens G, Vanderlinden J, Vrieze E, Auerbach RP, et al. Binge eating and purging in first-year college students: Prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity, and academic performance. Int J Eat Disorder. 2020;53:339\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23211.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disorder"},{"key":"1230_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.09.008","volume":"230","author":"S Ulfvebrand","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ulfvebrand S, Birgeg\u00e5rd A, Norring C, H\u00f6gdahl L, von Hausswolff-Juhlin Y. Psychiatric comorbidity in women and men with eating disorders results from a large clinical database. Psychiatr Res. 2015;230:294\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.09.008.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"1230_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-020-00947-y","volume":"26","author":"R Elran-Barak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elran-Barak R, Goldschmidt AB. Differences in severity of eating disorder symptoms between adults with depression and adults with anxiety. Eat Weight Disord-St. 2021;26:1409\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-020-00947-y.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord-St"},{"key":"1230_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-007-0184-x","volume":"10","author":"T Gadalla","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gadalla T, Piran N. Co-occurrence of eating disorders and alcohol use disorders in women: a meta analysis. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2007;10:133\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00737-007-0184-x.","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"1230_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22526","volume":"49","author":"L Mustelin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mustelin L, Latvala A, Raevuori A, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, et al. Risky drinking behaviors among women with eating disorders\u2014a longitudinal community-based study. Int J Eat Disorder. 2016;49(6):563\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22526.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disorder"},{"key":"1230_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-012-0282-y","volume":"14","author":"FRE Smink","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smink FRE, van Hoeken D, Hoek HW. Epidemiology of eating disorders: incidence, prevalence and mortality rates. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012;14:406\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-012-0282-y.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"1230_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-016-0618-4","volume":"19","author":"C Thompson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thompson C, Park S. Barriers to access and utilization of eating disorder treatment among women. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2016;19:753\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00737-016-0618-4.","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"1230_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2016.03.020","volume":"25","author":"SK Lipson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lipson SK, Jones MJ, Taylor CB, Wilfley DE, Eichen DM, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Eisenberg D. Understanding and promoting treatment-seeking for eating disorders and body image concerns on college campuses through online screening, prevention and intervention. Eat Behav. 2017;25:68\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2016.03.020.","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"issue":"e10","key":"1230_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-022-00562-5","volume":"10","author":"NC Byrom","year":"2022","unstructured":"Byrom NC, Batchelor R, Warner H, Stevenson A. Seeking support for\u00a0an\u00a0eating disorder: a\u00a0qualitative analysis of\u00a0the\u00a0university student experience\u2014accessibility of\u00a0support for\u00a0students. J Eat Disorder. 2022;10(e10):33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-022-00562-5.","journal-title":"J Eat Disorder."},{"key":"1230_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.06.004","volume":"88","author":"AE Kazdin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kazdin AE. Addressing the treatment gap: a key challenge for extending evidence-based psychosocial interventions. Behav Res Ther. 2017;88:7\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2016.06.004.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1230_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3946","volume":"17","author":"ED Ter Huurne","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ter Huurne ED, de Haan HA, Postel MG, van der Palen J, van der Nagel JEL, el at. Web-based cognitive behavioral therapy for female patients with eating disorders: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.3946","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"1230_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0222777","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222777","volume":"14","author":"XY Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu XY, Yin WQ, Sun HW, Yang SX, Li XY, et al. The association between disordered eating and health-related quality of life among children and adolescents: a systematic review of population-based studies. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(10):e0222777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0222777.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1230_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-008-1009-9","volume":"17","author":"B Herpertz-Dahlman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Herpertz-Dahlman B, Wille N, H\u00f6lling H, Vloet TD, Ravens-Sieberer U. Disordered eating behaviour and attitudes, associated psychopathology and health-related quality of life: results of the BELLA study. Eur Child Adolesc Psych. 2008;17:82\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-008-1009-9.","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psych"},{"key":"1230_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1145-9","volume":"27","author":"JP Calzo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Calzo JP, Austin SB, Micali N. Sexual orientation disparities in eating disorder symptoms among adolescent boys and girls in the UK. Eur Child Adolesc Psych. 2018;27:1483\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-018-1145-9.","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psych"},{"key":"1230_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2021.101528","volume":"42","author":"AC Grammer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grammer AC, Vazquez MM, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Fowler LA, Rackoff GN, et al. Characterizing eating disorder diagnosis and related outcomes by sexual orientation and gender identity in a national sample of college students. Eat Behav. 2021;42:e101528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2021.101528.","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"key":"1230_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23830","volume":"56","author":"JL Oflynn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oflynn JL, Nowicki GP, Laveway K, Gordon AR, Rodgers RF. Toward inclusivity: A systematic review of the conceptualization of sexual minority status and associated eating disorder outcomes across two decades. Int J Eat Disord. 2023;56:350\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23830.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord."},{"key":"1230_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1761","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1761","volume":"28","author":"P Cuijpers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cuijpers P, Auerbach RP, Benjet C, Bruffaerts R, Ebert D, Karyotaki E, Kessler RC. The world health organization world mental health college student initiative: an overview. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2019;28:e1761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mpr.1761.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"1230_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1891","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1891","volume":"30","author":"C Andersson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andersson C, Bendtsen M, Lindfors P, Molander O, Lindner P, et al. Does the management of personal integrity information lead to differing participation rates and response patterns in mental health surveys with young adults? A three-armed methodological experiment. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2021;30:e1891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mpr.1891.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"1230_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","volume":"88","author":"JB Saunders","year":"1993","unstructured":"Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption II. Addiction. 1993;88:791\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"1230_CR34","unstructured":"Government office\/Regeringskansliet Follow-up of the government\u2019s strategy of alcohol, drug, doping, and tobacco\/Uppf\u00f6ljning av regeringens alkohol-, narkotika-, dopnings- och tobaksstrategi. The Ministry of Health and Social Affairs\/Socialdepartementet. 2015;3: S2013.009"},{"key":"1230_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.09","volume":"207","author":"P Mortier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mortier P, Demyttenaere K, Auerbach RP, Cuijpers P, Green JG, Kiekens G, Kessler RC, et al. First onset of suicidal thoughts and behaviours in college. J Affect Disorders. 2017;207:291\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2016.09.","journal-title":"J Affect Disorders"},{"key":"1230_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948211027824","volume":"15","author":"AH Berman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Berman AH, Bendtsen M, Molander O, Lindfors P, Lindner P, et al. Compliance with recommendations limiting COVID-19 contagion among university students in Sweden: associations with self-reported symptoms, mental health and academic self-efficacy. Scand J Public Health. 2022;15:70\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14034948211027824.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"1230_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(23)00193-1","volume":"10","author":"JJ McGrath","year":"2023","unstructured":"McGrath JJ, Al-Hamzawi A, Alonso J, Altwaijri Y, Andrade LH, Bromet EJ, Bruffaerts R, et al. Age of onset and cumulative risk of mental disorders: a cross-national analysis of population surveys from 29 countries. Lancet Psychiatry. 2023;10:668\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(23)00193-1.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"1230_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.06.028","volume":"129","author":"Z Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu Z, Indelicato NA, Fuglestad P, Tan M, Bane L, Stice C. Sex differences in disordered eating and food addiction among college students. Appetite. 2018;129:12\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2018.06.028.","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"2","key":"1230_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54032","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.54032","volume":"16","author":"B Zarakowski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zarakowski B, Giokaris D, Green O. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students\u2019 mental health: a literature review. Cureus. 2024;16(2):e54032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.54032.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1230_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2773","volume":"28","author":"S Schegl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schegl S, Meule A, Favreau M, Voderholzer U. Bulimia nervosa in time of Covid 19 pandemic \u2013 results from an online survey of former inpatients. Eur Eat Disorders Rev. 2020;28:847\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2773.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disorders Rev."},{"key":"1230_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2021.1985286","volume":"30","author":"A Birgerg\u00e5rd","year":"2022","unstructured":"Birgerg\u00e5rd A, Abbaspour A, Borg S, Clinton D, Fors\u00e9n Mantilla E, Savva A, Termorshuizen JD, et al. Longitudinal experiences and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among people with past or current eating disorders in Sweden. Eat Disorders. 2022;30:602\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10640266.2021.1985286.","journal-title":"Eat Disorders"},{"key":"1230_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.05.021","volume":"266","author":"AM Brausch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brausch AM, Perkins NM. Nonsuicidal self-injury and disordered eating: differences in acquired capability and suicide attempt severity. Psychiatry Res. 2018;266:72\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.05.021.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"1230_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716000027","volume":"46","author":"A Cucchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cucchi A, Ryan D, Konstantakopoulos G, Stroumpa S, Ka\u00e7ar AS, et al. Lifetime prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury in patients with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2016;46:1345\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291716000027.","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"1230_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2019.1583661","volume":"68","author":"P Hasking","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hasking P, Claes L. Transdiagnostic mechanisms involved in nonsuicidal self-injury, risky drinking and disordered eating: Impulsivity, emotion regulation and alexithymia. J Am Coll Health. 2020;68:603\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2019.1583661.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"},{"key":"1230_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-024-01077-x","volume":"12","author":"A Kaplan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaplan A, Hutchinson A, Hooper S, Gwee K, Khaw D, Lola Valent L. Evaluation of an eating disorder screening and care pathway implementation in a general mental health private inpatient setting. J Eat Disorders. 2024;12:119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-024-01077-x.","journal-title":"J Eat Disorders."},{"key":"1230_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2952","volume":"31","author":"Z Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao Z, Cini E, Pellegrini D, Fragkos KC. The association between sexual orientation and eating disorders-related eating behaviours in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Eat Disorders Rev. 2023;31:46\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2952.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disorders Rev"},{"key":"1230_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/s1054-139x(02)00368-3","volume":"31","author":"J Croll","year":"2002","unstructured":"Croll J, Neumark-Sztainer D, Story M, Ireland M. Prevalence and risk and protective factors related to disordered eating behaviors among adolescents: relationship to gender and ethnicity. J Adolescent Health. 2002;31:166\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1054-139x(02)00368-3.","journal-title":"J Adolescent Health"},{"key":"1230_CR48","first-page":"201","volume":"35","author":"A White","year":"2013","unstructured":"White A, Hingson R. The burden of alcohol use: excessive alcohol consumption and related consequences among college students. Alcohol Res - Curr Rev. 2013;35:201\u201318.","journal-title":"Alcohol Res - Curr Rev"},{"key":"1230_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22670","volume":"50","author":"AE Kazdin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kazdin AE, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Wilfley DE. Addressing critical gaps in the treatment of eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2017;50:170\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22670.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1230_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04094-9","volume":"22","author":"E Rens","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rens E, Michielsen J, Dom G, Remmen R, Van den Broeck K. Clinically assessed and perceived unmet mental health needs, health care use and barriers to care for mental health problems in a Belgian general population sample. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22:455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-022-04094-9.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1230_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2023.23","author":"AM Monteleone","year":"2023","unstructured":"Monteleone AM, Barone E, Cascino G, Schmidt U, Gorwood P, Volpe U, Abbate-Daga G, et al. Pathways to eating disorder care: a European multicenter study. Eur Psychiatry. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2023.23.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"1230_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674211020102","volume":"56","author":"A Hamilton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamilton A, Mitchison D, Basten C, Byrne S, Goldstein M, Hay P, Heruc G, et al. Understanding treatment delay: perceived barriers preventing treatment-seeking for eating disorders. Australian & New Zealand J Psychiatry. 2022;56:248\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00048674211020102.","journal-title":"Australian & New Zealand J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1230_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2016.01.006","volume":"47","author":"B Wagner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wagner B, Nagl M, D\u00f6lemeyer R, Klinitzke G, Steinig J, et al. Randomized controlled trial of an internet-based cognitive-behavioral treatment program for binge-eating disorder. Behav Ther. 2016;47:500\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2016.01.006","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"1230_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2022.100570","volume":"30","author":"A-C Wiberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wiberg A-C, Ghaderi A, Danielsson Broberg H, Safarzadeh K, Parling T, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for eating disorders \u2013 Development and feasibility evaluation. Internet Intervent. 2022;30:e100570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.invent.2022.100570.","journal-title":"Internet Intervent."},{"key":"1230_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.17605\/OSF.IO\/VKPGB","volume":"22","author":"E Hedman-Lagerl\u00f6f","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hedman-Lagerl\u00f6f E, Carlbring P, Sv\u00e4rdman F, Riper H, Cuijpers P, et al. Therapist-supported Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy yields similar effects as face-to-face therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. World Psychiatry. 2023;22:305\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/VKPGB.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry."},{"key":"1230_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.12.2.123","volume":"12","author":"E Stice","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stice E, Telch CF, Rizvi SL. Development and validation of the eating disorder diagnostic scale: a brief self-report measure of anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder. Psychol Assessment. 2000;12:123\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.12.2.123","journal-title":"Psychol Assessment"},{"key":"1230_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02028-2","volume":"28","author":"BWJH Penninx","year":"2022","unstructured":"Penninx BWJH, Benros ME, Klein RS, Vinkers CH. How COVID-19 shaped mental health: from infection to pandemic effect. Nature Med. 2022;28:2027\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-022-02028-2.","journal-title":"Nature Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Eating Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-025-01230-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40337-025-01230-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-025-01230-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T07:33:26Z","timestamp":1742456006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40337-025-01230-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-025-01230-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-2974"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-2974","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The procedures were reviewed by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Ref. No. 2020\u201001465, approved May 11, 2020). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"52"}}