{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T18:51:15Z","timestamp":1793731875801,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Eat Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-025-01464-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T14:54:14Z","timestamp":1765119254000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["\u201cWithout this part, it\u2019s hard to truly recover\u201d: adults\u2019 experiences of body compassion in eating disorder recovery\u2014a reflexive thematic analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Vicky","family":"Anagnostopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Bailie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Troop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1464_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105317718924","volume":"25","author":"JK Altman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Altman JK, Linfield K, Salmon PG, Beacham AO. The body compassion scale: development and initial validation. J Health Psychol. 2020;25(4):439\u201349.","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1464_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1177\/1534650117731155","volume":"16","author":"JK Altman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Altman JK, Zimmaro LA, Woodruff-Borden J. Targeting body compassion in the treatment of body dissatisfaction: a case study. Clin Case Stud. 2017;16(6):431\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1534650117731155.","journal-title":"Clin Case Stud"},{"key":"1464_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.177901","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2023","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the treatment of patients with eating disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.177901.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1464_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23206","volume":"53","author":"ME Atwood","year":"2020","unstructured":"Atwood ME, Friedman A. A systematic review of enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT-E) for eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53(3):311\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23206.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"1464_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1108\/QRJ-D-1800035","volume":"18","author":"T Azungah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Azungah T. Qualitative research: deductive and inductive approaches to data analysis. Qual Res J. 2018;18(4):383\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/QRJ-D-1800035.","journal-title":"Qual Res J"},{"issue":"5","key":"1464_CR6","first-page":"321","volume":"14","author":"M Balbo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balbo M, Zaccagnino M, Cussino M, Civilotti C. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and eating disorders: a systematic review. Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2017;14(5):321\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"1464_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.12.016","volume":"134","author":"M Barata-Santos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barata-Santos M, Marta-Sim\u00f5es J, Ferreira C. Body compassion safeguards against the impact of major life events on binge eating. Appetite. 2019;134:34\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2018.12.016.","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"1","key":"1464_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2021.1993229","volume":"9","author":"ES Beadle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beadle ES, Cain A, Akhtar S, Lennox J, McGuire L, Troop NA. Development and validation of the body compassion questionnaire. Health Psychol Behav Med. 2021;9(1):951\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21642850.2021.1993229.","journal-title":"Health Psychol Behav Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1464_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/19398441.2010.517035","volume":"2","author":"KA Berry","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berry KA, Kowalski KC, Ferguson LJ, McHugh TLF. An empirical phenomenology of young adult women exercisers\u2019 body self-compassion. Qual Res Sport Exerc. 2010;2(3):293\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19398441.2010.517035.","journal-title":"Qual Res Sport Exerc"},{"key":"1464_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2016.03.003","volume":"17","author":"TD Braun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Braun TD, Park CL, Gorin A. Self-compassion, body image, and disordered eating: a review of the literature. Body Image. 2016;17:117\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bodyim.2016.03.003.","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"2","key":"1464_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa.","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1464_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806","volume":"11","author":"V Braun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qual Res Sport Exerc Health. 2019;11(4):589\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806.","journal-title":"Qual Res Sport Exerc Health"},{"key":"1464_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braun V,  Clarke V. Can I use TA? Should I use TA? Should I not use TA? Comparing reflexive thematic analysis and other pattern\u2010based qualitative analytic approaches. Couns. Psychother Res 2021;21(1):37\u201347.","DOI":"10.1002\/capr.12360"},{"key":"1464_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burychka D, Miragall Montilla M, Ba\u00f1os Rivera RM. The role of body compassion in the risk of eating disorders: Mediational effects of body appreciation and body shame. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7334\/psicothema2023.48.","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2023.48"},{"issue":"1","key":"1464_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.5334\/pb.1057","volume":"61","author":"D Burychka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burychka D, Miragall M, Ba\u00f1os RM. Towards a comprehensive understanding of body image: integrating positive body image, embodiment and self-compassion. Psychol Belg. 2021;61(1):248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/pb.1057.","journal-title":"Psychol Belg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1464_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-021-01182-y","volume":"56","author":"D Byrne","year":"2022","unstructured":"Byrne D. A worked example of Braun and Clarke\u2019s approach to reflexive thematic analysis. Qual Quant. 2022;56(3):1391\u2013412.","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"issue":"4","key":"1464_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10033","volume":"31","author":"TF Cash","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cash TF, Fleming EC. The impact of body image experiences: development of the body image quality of life inventory. Int J Eat Disord. 2002;31(4):455\u201360.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1464_CR18","volume-title":"The effects of yoga on body dissatisfaction, self-objectification, and mindfulness of the body in college women (master\u2019s thesis)","author":"SE Clancy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Clancy SE. The effects of yoga on body dissatisfaction, self-objectification, and mindfulness of the body in college women (master\u2019s thesis). Washington: Washington State University; 2010."},{"key":"1464_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2015.03.004","volume":"14","author":"CP Cook-Cottone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cook-Cottone CP. Incorporating positive body image into the treatment of eating disorders: a model for attunement and mindful self-care. Body Image. 2015;14:158\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bodyim.2015.03.004.","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"3","key":"1464_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001091","volume":"3","author":"A Dane","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dane A, Bhatia K. The social media diet: a scoping review to investigate the association between social media, body image and eating disorders amongst young people. PLoS Glob Public Health. 2023;3(3):e0001091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001091.","journal-title":"PLoS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"1464_CR21","unstructured":"Data Protection Act 2018, c. 12. https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2018\/12\/contents\/enacted."},{"issue":"1","key":"1464_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-017-0164-0","volume":"5","author":"JA de Vos","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Vos JA, LaMarre A, Radstaak M, Bijkerk CA, Bohlmeijer ET, Westerhof GJ. Identifying fundamental criteria for eating disorder recovery: a systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis. J Eat Disord. 2017;5(1):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-017-0164-0.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1464_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp24X740109","author":"C Ellison","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ellison C, Philpot U. Confusion between avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, restricted intake self-harm, and anorexia nervosa: developing a primary care decision tree. Br J Gen Pract. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3399\/bjgp24X740109.","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"1464_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-024-01016-w","volume":"12","author":"R Elwyn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elwyn R, Adams M, Sharpe SL, Silverstein S, LaMarre A, Downs J, et al. Discordant conceptualisations of eating disorder recovery and their influence on the construct of terminality. J Eat Disord. 2024;12(1):70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-024-01016-w.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"1464_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/s0005-7967(02)00088-8","volume":"41","author":"CG Fairburn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, Shafran R. Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: a \u201ctransdiagnostic\u201d theory and treatment. Behav Res Ther. 2003;41(5):509\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0005-7967(02)00088-8.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1464_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-70318-8_5","volume-title":"The construction of eating disorders: psychiatry, politics and cultural representations of disordered eating","author":"A Fixsen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fixsen A. Disordered eating, food landscapes, and public health. In: Fixsen A, editor. The construction of eating disorders: psychiatry, politics and cultural representations of disordered eating. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland; 2024. p. 129\u201357."},{"key":"1464_CR27","volume-title":"Pedagogy of the oppressed (MB Ramos, Trans)","author":"P Freire","year":"2007","unstructured":"Freire P. Pedagogy of the oppressed (MB Ramos, Trans). New York: Continuum; 2007."},{"key":"1464_CR28","first-page":"267","volume-title":"Handbook of counselling psychology","author":"CJ Gelso","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gelso CJ, Samstag LW. A tripartite model of the therapeutic relationship. In: Gelso CJ, editor. Handbook of counselling psychology. 4th ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2008. p. 267\u201383.","edition":"4"},{"issue":"3","key":"1464_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.bp.107.005264","volume":"15","author":"P Gilbert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gilbert P. Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2009;15(3):199\u2013208.","journal-title":"Adv Psychiatr Treat"},{"key":"1464_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203851197","volume-title":"Compassion focused therapy: distinctive features","author":"P Gilbert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gilbert P. Compassion focused therapy: distinctive features. London: Routledge; 2010."},{"key":"1464_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198888727.003.0011","author":"P Gilbert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gilbert P. Compassion as an integrative and integrating therapeutic process. Integr Psychother Psychophysiol Theory Assess Pract. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780198888727.003.0011.","journal-title":"Integr Psychother Psychophysiol Theory Assess Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"1464_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12039","volume":"53","author":"K Goss","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goss K, Allan S. The development and application of compassion focused therapy for eating disorders (CFT-E). Br J Clin Psychol. 2014;53(1):62\u201377.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1464_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mhs2.92","volume":"2","author":"AH Hatoum","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hatoum AH, Burton AL. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for the treatment of eating disorders: a systematic review of the literature. Ment Health Sci. 2024;2(4):e92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mhs2.92.","journal-title":"Ment Health Sci"},{"key":"1464_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2023.2233921","volume-title":"Mindfulness and acceptance for treating eating disorders and weight concerns: evidence-based interventions","author":"AF Haynos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haynos AF, Forman EM, Butryn ML, Lillis J. Mindfulness and acceptance for treating eating disorders and weight concerns: evidence-based interventions. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications; 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10926771.2023.2233921."},{"issue":"S1","key":"1464_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.1998.0520s5S145.x","volume":"52","author":"JL Herman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Herman JL. Recovery from psychological trauma. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1998;52(S1):S98\u2013103.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1464_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143833","volume":"1","author":"J Hettema","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hettema J, Steele J, Miller WR. Motivational interviewing. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2005;1(1):91\u2013111.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1464_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429490026-2","volume-title":"Interculturality in international education","author":"J Jackson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jackson J. Research paradigms and issues. In: Jackson J, editor. Interculturality in international education. New York: Routledge; 2018. p. 17\u201337."},{"key":"1464_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2024.100751","volume":"32","author":"C Jando","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jando C, Dionne F. A call for qualitative research in contextual behavioural science. J Context Behav Sci. 2024;32:100751.","journal-title":"J Context Behav Sci"},{"key":"1464_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wsif.2021.102558","volume":"90","author":"N Jovanovski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jovanovski N, Jaeger T, Pergamon. Demystifying \u2018diet culture\u2019: exploring the meaning of diet culture in online \u2018anti-diet\u2019 feminist, fat activist, and health professional communities. Womens Stud Int Forum. 2022;90:102558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wsif.2021.102558.","journal-title":"Womens Stud Int Forum"},{"issue":"2","key":"1464_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2018","volume":"24","author":"AC Kelly","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kelly AC, Wisniewski L, Martin-Wagar C, Hoffman E. Group-based compassion-focused therapy as an adjunct to outpatient treatment for eating disorders: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2017;24(2):475\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.2018.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"1464_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kenny TE. RecoverED: toward a person-centred ecological model of eating disorder recovery (Doctoral dissertation, University of Guelph). 2023.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-023-00768-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"1464_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-023-00768-1","volume":"11","author":"TE Kenny","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kenny TE, Lewis SP. More than an outcome: a person-centred, ecological framework for eating disorder recovery. J Eat Disord. 2023;11(1):45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-023-00768-1.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"1464_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-020-09700-7","volume":"45","author":"A LaMarre","year":"2021","unstructured":"LaMarre A, Rice C. Recovering uncertainty: exploring eating disorder recovery in context. Cult Med Psychiatry. 2021;45(4):706\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11013-020-09700-7.","journal-title":"Cult Med Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1464_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-018-0483-4","volume":"23","author":"EL Lantz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lantz EL, Gaspar ME, DiTore R, Piers AD, Schaumberg K. Conceptualizing body dissatisfaction in eating disorders within a self-discrepancy framework: a review of evidence. Eat Weight Disord-Stud Anorex Bulim Obes. 2018;23(3):275\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-018-0483-4.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord-Stud Anorex Bulim Obes"},{"key":"1464_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.793094","volume":"13","author":"J Leppanen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leppanen J, Brown D, McLinden H, Williams S, Tchanturia K. The role of emotion regulation in eating disorders: a network meta-analysis approach. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:793094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.793094.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"1464_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2021.02.005","volume":"37","author":"J Linardon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Linardon J, Anderson C, Messer M, Rodgers RF, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. Body image flexibility and its correlates: a meta-analysis. Body Image. 2021;37:188\u2013203.","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"1464_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2022.07.003","volume":"42","author":"J Linardon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Linardon J, McClure Z, Tylka TL, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. Body appreciation and its psychological correlates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Body Image. 2022;42:287\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bodyim.2022.07.003.","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"1","key":"1464_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-024-01128-3","volume":"12","author":"G Lubieniecki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lubieniecki G, Fernando AN, Randhawa A, Cowlishaw S, Sharp G. Perceived clinician stigma and its impact on eating disorder treatment experiences: a systematic review of the lived experience literature. J Eat Disord. 2024;12(1):161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-024-01128-3.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"13","key":"1464_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315617444","volume":"26","author":"K Malterud","year":"2016","unstructured":"Malterud K, Siersma VD, Guassora AD. Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power. Qual Health Res. 2016;26(13):1753\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049732315617444.","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"1464_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01274-6","author":"J Marta-Simoes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marta-Simoes J, Tylka TL, Ferreira C. Adolescent girls\u2019 body appreciation: influences of compassion and social safeness, and association with disordered eating. Eat Weight Disord. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01274-6.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1464_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.10.006","volume":"42","author":"SA McLean","year":"2019","unstructured":"McLean SA, Paxton SJ. Body image in the context of eating disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2019;42(1):145\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2018.10.006.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"7223","key":"1464_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7223.1467","volume":"319","author":"JF Morgan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morgan JF, Reid F, Lacey JH. The SCOFF questionnaire: assessment of a new screening tool for eating disorders. BMJ. 1999;319(7223):1467\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.319.7223.1467.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1464_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/13284207.2023.2252971","volume":"27","author":"KL Morgan-Lowes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morgan-Lowes KL, Th\u00f8gersen-Ntoumani C, Howell J, Khossousi V, Egan SJ. Self-compassion and clinical eating disorder symptoms: a systematic review. Clin Psychol. 2023;27(3):269\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13284207.2023.2252971.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1464_CR54","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Eating disorders: recognition and treatment (NICE guideline No. NG69). 2020. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng69."},{"issue":"2","key":"1464_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/15298860309032","volume":"2","author":"K Neff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Neff K. Self-compassion: an alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self Identity. 2003;2(2):85\u2013101.","journal-title":"Self Identity"},{"issue":"4","key":"1464_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2019.1685081","volume":"30","author":"C O\u2019Connor","year":"2021","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor C, McNamara N, O\u2019Hara L, McNicholas M, McNicholas F. How do people with eating disorders experience the stigma associated with their condition? A mixed-methods systematic review. J Ment Health. 2021;30(4):454\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638237.2019.1685081.","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"key":"1464_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.01.031","volume":"125","author":"S Oliveira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oliveira S, Trindade IA, Ferreira C. The buffer effect of body compassion on the association between shame and body and eating difficulties. Appetite. 2018;125:118\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2018.01.031.","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"1464_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2022.08.005","volume":"26","author":"CM Onninik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Onninik CM, Konstantinidou Y, Moskovich AA, Karekla MK, Merwin RM. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for eating disorders: a systematic review of intervention studies and call to action. J Context Behav Sci. 2022;26:11\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcbs.2022.08.005.","journal-title":"J Context Behav Sci"},{"key":"1464_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2023.07.006","volume":"46","author":"ML Pellizzer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pellizzer ML, Wade TD. Developing a definition of body neutrality and strategies for an intervention. Body Image. 2023;46:434\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bodyim.2023.07.006.","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"1464_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2015.03.008","volume":"14","author":"N Piran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Piran N. New possibilities in the prevention of eating disorders: the introduction of positive body image measures. Body Image. 2015;14:146\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bodyim.2015.03.008.","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"3","key":"1464_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.51.3.390","volume":"51","author":"JO Prochaska","year":"1983","unstructured":"Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1983;51(3):390.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1464_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2024.100779","volume":"33","author":"TF Rodrigues","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rodrigues TF, Baenas I, Coelho C, Ramos R, Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda F, Machado PP. Self-compassion, difficulties in emotion regulation and eating psychopathology: findings from an eating disorders clinical sample and a college sample. J Context Behav Sci. 2024;33:100779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcbs.2024.100779.","journal-title":"J Context Behav Sci"},{"key":"1464_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.002","volume":"158","author":"M Sala","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sala M, Keshishian A, Song S, Moskowitz R, Bulik CM, Roos CR, et al. Predictors of relapse in eating disorders: a meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res. 2023;158:281\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.002.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"1464_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2023.101722","volume":"49","author":"CM Sanzari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sanzari CM, Gorrell S, Anderson LM, Reilly EE, Niemiec MA, Orloff NC, et al. The impact of social media use on body image and disordered eating behaviours: content matters more than duration of exposure. Eat Behav. 2023;49:101722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2023.101722.","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"key":"1464_CR65","volume-title":"Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy: basic principles, protocols, and procedures","author":"F Shapiro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shapiro F. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy: basic principles, protocols, and procedures. 3rd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2017.","edition":"3rd ed"},{"issue":"4","key":"1464_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-012-0282-y","volume":"14","author":"FR Smink","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smink FR, van Hoeken D, Hoek HW. Epidemiology of eating disorders: incidence, prevalence and mortality rates. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012;14(4):406\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-012-0282-y.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"24","key":"1464_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2013.805821","volume":"35","author":"B Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith B, Papathomas A, Martin Ginis KA, Latimer-Cheung AE. Understanding physical activity in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: translating and communicating research through stories. Disabil Rehabil. 2013;35(24):2046\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09638288.2013.805821.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"1464_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.1996.15.3.340","volume":"15","author":"E Stice","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stice E, Nemeroff C, Shaw HE. Test of the dual pathway model of bulimia nervosa: evidence for dietary restraint and affect regulation mechanisms. J Soc Clin Psychol. 1996;15(3):340\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/jscp.1996.15.3.340.","journal-title":"J Soc Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1464_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1159\/000075537","volume":"73","author":"GJ Taylor","year":"2004","unstructured":"Taylor GJ, Bagby RM. New trends in alexithymia research. Psychother Psychosom. 2004;73(2):68\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000075537.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"1464_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01801","volume":"11","author":"ET Troscianko","year":"2020","unstructured":"Troscianko ET, Leon M. Treating eating: a dynamical systems model of eating disorders. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01801.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"1464_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101856","volume":"79","author":"F Turk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Turk F, Waller G. Is self-compassion relevant to the pathology and treatment of eating and body image concerns? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2020;79:101856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101856.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1464_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01144-1","author":"F Turk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turk F, Kellett S, Waller G. Determining the potential link of self-compassion with eating pathology and body image among women: a longitudinal mediational study. Eat Weight Disord. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-021-01144-1.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"key":"1464_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2017.06.007","volume":"99","author":"H Westwood","year":"2017","unstructured":"Westwood H, Kerr-Gaffney J, Stahl D, Tchanturia K. Alexithymia in eating disorders: systematic review and meta-analyses of studies using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. J Psychosom Res. 2017;99:66\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2017.06.007.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"1464_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23260","volume":"53","author":"S Wetzler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wetzler S, Hackmann C, Peryer G, Clayman K, Friedman D, Saffran K, et al. A framework to conceptualize personal recovery from eating disorders: a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis of perspectives from individuals with lived experience. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53(8):1188\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23260.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1464_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2013.766813","volume":"5","author":"E Woekel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Woekel E, Ebbeck V. Transitional bodies: a qualitative investigation of postpartum body self-compassion. Qual Res Sport Exerc Health. 2013;5(2):245\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2159676X.2013.766813.","journal-title":"Qual Res Sport Exerc Health"},{"key":"1464_CR76","unstructured":"Zaniboni L. In and through the body: a quantitative exploration of embodiment in eating disorders. 2024."}],"container-title":["Journal of Eating Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-025-01464-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40337-025-01464-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-025-01464-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T03:27:41Z","timestamp":1765164461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40337-025-01464-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-025-01464-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-2974"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-2974","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Plymouth University (Ethics Code: 5017) on the 5th of August 2024. All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrolment in the study. This research was conducted ethically in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"279"}}