{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T22:51:14Z","timestamp":1768344674806,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Eat Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-025-01491-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T10:28:25Z","timestamp":1765276105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Network analysis of eating disorders (NAMED): an exploratory study of symptom configuration at different stages of illness"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Tomei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Tomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1491_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.","edition":"5"},{"issue":"2","key":"1491_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718000867","volume":"49","author":"KE Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith KE, Mason TB, Crosby RD, Cao L, Leonard RC, Wetterneck CT, et al. A comparative network analysis of eating disorder psychopathology and co-occurring depression and anxiety symptoms before and after treatment. Psychol Med. 2019;49(2):314\u201324.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.01.006","volume":"33","author":"JE Wildes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wildes JE, Marcus MD. Alternative methods of classifying eating disorders: models incorporating comorbid psychopathology and associated features. Clin Psychol Rev. 2013;33(3):383\u201394.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31820a1838","volume":"73","author":"G Castellini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Castellini G, Lo Sauro C, Mannucci E, Ravaldi C, Rotella CM, Faravelli C, et al. Diagnostic crossover and outcome predictors in eating disorders according to DSM-IV and DSM-V proposed criteria: a 6-year follow-up study. Psychosom Med. 2011;73(3):270\u20139.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1491_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23095","volume":"52","author":"E Tomba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tomba E, Tecuta L, Crocetti E, Squarcio F, Tomei G. Residual eating disorder symptoms and clinical features in remitted and recovered eating disorder patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(7):759\u201376.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"1491_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00088-8","volume":"41","author":"CG Fairburn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, Shafran R. Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: a transdiagnostic theory and treatment. Behav Res Ther. 2003;41(5):509\u201328.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2834","volume":"29","author":"AM Monteleone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monteleone AM, Cascino G. A systematic review of network analysis studies in eating disorders: is time to broaden the core psychopathology to non specific symptoms. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2021;29(4):531\u201347.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2822","volume":"29","author":"F Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda F, Treasure J, Paslakis G, Ag\u00fcera Z, Gim\u00e9nez M, Granero R, et al. The impact of duration of illness on treatment nonresponse and drop-out: exploring the relevance of enduring eating disorder concept. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2021;29(3):499\u2013513.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12170","volume":"9","author":"J Treasure","year":"2015","unstructured":"Treasure J, Stein D, Maguire S. Has the time come for a staging model to map the course of eating disorders from high risk to severe enduring illness? An examination of the evidence. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2015;9(3):173\u201384.","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1491_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09913.x","volume":"96","author":"CM Bulik","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bulik CM, Sullivan PF, Fear JI, Joyce PR. Eating disorders and antecedent anxiety disorders: a controlled study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1997;96(2):101\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.55","volume":"63","author":"J McClelland","year":"2020","unstructured":"McClelland J, Robinson L, Potterton R, Mountford V, Schmidt U. Symptom trajectories into eating disorders: a systematic review of longitudinal, nonclinical studies in children\/adolescents. Eur Psychiatry. 2020;63(1):e60.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"1491_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2021.103932","volume":"144","author":"E Stice","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stice E, Bohon C, Gau JM, Rohde P. Factors that predict persistence versus non-persistence of eating disorder symptoms: a prospective study of high-risk young women. Behav Res Ther. 2021;144:103932.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5030811","volume":"5","author":"KC Fragkos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fragkos KC, Frangos CC. Assessing eating disorder risk: the pivotal role of achievement anxiety, depression and female gender in non-clinical samples. Nutrients. 2013;5(3):811\u201328.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1491_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000227749.58726.41","author":"L Rojo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rojo L, Conesa L, Bermudez O, Livianos L. Influence of stress in the onset of eating disorders: data from a two-stage epidemiologic controlled study. Psychosom Med. 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.psy.0000227749.58726.41.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000219","volume":"126","author":"E Stice","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stice E, Gau JM, Rohde P, Shaw H. Risk factors that predict future onset of each DSM\u20135 eating disorder: predictive specificity in high-risk adolescent females. J Abnorm Psychol. 2017;126(1):38\u201351.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1491_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23366","volume":"53","author":"SC Garcia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garcia SC, Mikhail ME, Keel PK, Burt SA, Neale MC, Boker S, et al. Increased rates of eating disorders and their symptoms in women with major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53(11):1844\u201354.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"10227","key":"1491_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30059-3","volume":"395","author":"J Treasure","year":"2020","unstructured":"Treasure J, Duarte TA, Schmidt U. Eating disorders. Lancet. 2020;395(10227):899\u2013911.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2014.08.003","volume":"24","author":"B Herpertz-Dahlmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herpertz-Dahlmann B. Adolescent eating disorders: update on definitions, symptomatology, epidemiology, and comorbidity. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2015;24(1):177\u201396.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"1491_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.11.1799","volume":"157","author":"KA Halmi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Halmi KA, Sunday SR, Strober M, Kaplan A, Woodside DB, Fichter M, et al. Perfectionism in anorexia nervosa: variation by clinical subtype, obsessionality, and pathological eating behavior. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(11):1799\u2013805.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.1023","volume":"29","author":"L McLaren","year":"2001","unstructured":"McLaren L, Gauvin L, White D. The role of perfectionism and excessive commitment to exercise in explaining dietary restraint: replication and extension. Int J Eat Disord. 2001;29(3):307\u201313.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2020.1831098","volume":"31","author":"L Tecuta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tecuta L, Gardini V, Digiuseppe R, Tomba E. Do metacognitions mediate the relationship between irrational beliefs, eating disorder symptoms and cognitive reappraisal? Psychother Res. 2021;31(4):483\u201392.","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"1491_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10163525","author":"L Tecuta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tecuta L, Gardini V, Schumann R, Ballardini D, Tomba E. Irrational beliefs and their role in specific and non-specific eating disorder symptomatology and cognitive reappraisal in eating disorders. J Clin Med. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10163525.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1491_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12185790","author":"L Tecuta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tecuta L, Tomei G, DiGiuseppe R, Schumann R, Ballardini D, Tomba E. Mapping the path to cognitive balance: applying the states of mind model and network analysis to eating disorder patients. J Clin Med. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12185790.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2012.09.002","volume":"1","author":"A Masuda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Masuda A, Latzman RD. Psychological flexibility and self-concealment as predictors of disordered eating symptoms. J Context Behav Sci. 2012;1(1):49\u201354.","journal-title":"J Context Behav Sci"},{"key":"1491_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.05.043","volume":"151","author":"S Miles","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miles S, Phillipou A, Sumner P, Nedeljkovic M. Cognitive flexibility and the risk of anorexia nervosa: an investigation using self-report and neurocognitive assessments. J Psychiatr Res. 2022;151:531\u20138.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"1491_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.05.009","volume":"48","author":"A Rawal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rawal A, Park RJ, Williams JM. Rumination, experiential avoidance, and dysfunctional thinking in eating disorders. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(9):851\u20139.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1159\/000353263","volume":"83","author":"CD Ryff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ryff CD. Psychological well-being revisited: advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychother Psychosom. 2014;83(1):10\u201328.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"1491_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-017-0164-0","volume":"5","author":"JA de Vos","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Vos JA, LaMarre A, Radstaak M, Bijkerk CA, Bohlmeijer ET, Westerhof GJ. Identifying fundamental criteria for eating disorder recovery: a systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis. J Eat Disord. 2017;5:34.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22197","volume":"47","author":"E Tomba","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tomba E, Offidani E, Tecuta L, Schumann R, Ballardini D. Psychological well-being in out-patients with eating disorders: a controlled study. Int J Eat Disord. 2014;47(3):252\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-023-00758-3","volume":"11","author":"E Koreshe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koreshe E, Paxton S, Miskovic-Wheatley J, Bryant E, Le A, Maloney D, et al. Prevention and early intervention in eating disorders: findings from a rapid review. J Eat Disord. 2023;11(1):38.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1159\/000342243","volume":"82","author":"F Cosci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cosci F, Fava GA. Staging of mental disorders: systematic review. Psychother Psychosom. 2013;82(1):20\u201334.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1159\/000527462","volume":"92","author":"U Schnyder","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schnyder U. Longitudinal development of symptoms and staging in psychiatry and clinical psychology: a tribute to Giovanni Fava. Psychother Psychosom. 2023;92(1):4\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"1491_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2024.152468","volume":"131","author":"E Tomba","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tomba E, Tecuta L, Gardini V, Tomei G, Lo Dato E. Staging models in eating disorders: a systematic scoping review of the literature. Compr Psychiatry. 2024;131:152468.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03362.x","volume":"87","author":"GA Fava","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fava GA, Kellner R. Staging: a neglected dimension in psychiatric classification. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993;87(4):225\u201330.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"7","key":"1491_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300221","volume":"65","author":"SP Cross","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cross SP, Hermens DF, Scott EM, Ottavio A, McGorry PD, Hickie IB. A clinical staging model for early intervention youth mental health services. Psychiatr Serv. 2014;65(7):939\u201343.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16r10736","volume":"78","author":"J Guidi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guidi J, Tomba E, Cosci F, Park SK, Fava GA. The role of staging in planning psychotherapeutic interventions in depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78(4):456\u201363.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1491_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2019.1614898","volume":"56","author":"PJ Jones","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jones PJ, Ma R, McNally RJ. Bridge centrality: a network approach to Understanding comorbidity. Multivar Behav Res. 2021;56(2):353\u201367.","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"1491_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0930-y","volume":"20","author":"CA Levinson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Levinson CA, Vanzhula IA, Brosof LC, Forbush K. Network analysis as an alternative approach to conceptualizing eating disorders: implications for research and treatment. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018;20(9):67.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"16","key":"1491_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3365","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000294","volume":"44","author":"M Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu M, Brockmeyer T, Hartmann M, Skunde M, Herzog W, Friederich HC. Set-shifting ability across the spectrum of eating disorders and in overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2014;44(16):3365\u201385.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1491_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20462","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020462","volume":"6","author":"K Tchanturia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tchanturia K, Harrison A, Davies H, Roberts M, Oldershaw A, Nakazato M, et al. Cognitive flexibility and clinical severity in eating disorders. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20462.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"1491_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718002702","volume":"49","author":"SB Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang SB, Jones PJ, Dreier M, Elliott H, Grilo CM. Core psychopathology of treatment-seeking patients with binge-eating disorder: a network analysis investigation. Psychol Med. 2019;49(11):1923\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1491_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.08.004","volume":"97","author":"RH DuBois","year":"2017","unstructured":"DuBois RH, Rodgers RF, Franko DL, Eddy KT, Thomas JJ. A network analysis investigation of the cognitive-behavioral theory of eating disorders. Behav Res Ther. 2017;97:213\u201321.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"1491_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22871","volume":"51","author":"LN Forrest","year":"2018","unstructured":"Forrest LN, Jones PJ, Ortiz SN, Smith AR. Core psychopathology in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: a network analysis. Int J Eat Disord. 2018;51(7):668\u201379.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1491_CR44","unstructured":"First MB, Williams JBW, Karg RS, Spitzer RL. SCID-5-CV. Intervista clinica strutturata per i disturbi Del DSM-5. Versione per Il clinico. Ed. Italiana a cura di Andrea Fossati e Serena Borroni. Raffaello Cortina Editore; 2017."},{"issue":"8","key":"1491_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23283","volume":"53","author":"SA Wonderlich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wonderlich SA, Bulik CM, Schmidt U, Steiger H, Hoek HW. Severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: update and observations about the current clinical reality. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53(8):1303\u201312.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1491_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.bp.113.011841","volume":"20","author":"P Robinson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robinson P. Severe and enduring eating disorders: recognition and management. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2014;20(6):392\u2013401.","journal-title":"Adv Psychiatr Treat"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199412)16:4<363::AID-EAT2260160405>3.0.CO;2-#","volume":"16","author":"CG Fairburn","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fairburn CG, Beglin SJ. Assessment of eating disorders: interview or self-report questionnaire? Int J Eat Disord. 1994;16(4):363\u201370.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-016-0276-6","volume":"22","author":"S Calugi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Calugi S, Milanese C, Sartirana M, El Ghoch M, Sartori F, Geccherle E, et al. The eating disorder examination questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Italian version. Eat Weight Disord. 2017;22(3):509\u201314.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"key":"1491_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10942-021-00386-3","author":"R DiGiuseppe","year":"2021","unstructured":"DiGiuseppe R, Gorman B, Raptis J, Agiurgioaei-Boie A, Agiurgioaei F, Leaf R, et al. The development of a short form of an irrational\/rational beliefs scale. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10942-021-00386-3.","journal-title":"Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.03.007","volume":"42","author":"FW Bond","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bond FW, Hayes SC, Baer RA, Carpenter KM, Guenole N, Orcutt HK, et al. Preliminary psychometric properties of the acceptance and action Questionnaire-II: a revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behav Ther. 2011;42(4):676\u201388.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-013-9355-4","volume":"35","author":"T Pennato","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pennato T, Berrocal C, Bernini O, Rivas T. Italian version of the acceptance and action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II): dimensionality, reliability, convergent and criterion validity. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2013;35(4):552\u201363.","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.572","volume":"15","author":"CL Keyes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Keyes CL, Wissing M, Potgieter JP, Temane M, Kruger A, van Rooy S. Evaluation of the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF) in setswana-speaking South Africans. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2008;15(3):181\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-014-0629-3","volume":"121","author":"G Petrillo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Petrillo G, Capone V, Caso D, Keyes CLM. The mental health Continuum\u2013Short form (MHC\u2013SF) as a measure of well-being in the Italian context. Soc Indic Res. 2014;121(1):291\u2013312.","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"1491_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1348\/014466505X29657","volume":"44","author":"JD Henry","year":"2005","unstructured":"Henry JD, Crawford JR. The short-form version of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21): construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol. 2005;44(Pt 2):227\u201339.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1491_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2015.04.005","volume":"60","author":"G Bottesi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bottesi G, Ghisi M, Altoe G, Conforti E, Melli G, Sica C. The Italian version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21: factor structure and psychometric properties on community and clinical samples. Compr Psychiatry. 2015;60:170\u201381.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"1491_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burger J, Isvoranu AM, Lunansky G, Haslbeck JMB, Epskamp S, Hoekstra RHA et al. Reporting standards for psychological network analyses in cross-sectional data. Psychol Methods 2022.","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000471"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-022-00652-4","volume":"10","author":"B Melisse","year":"2022","unstructured":"Melisse B, Blankers M, de Beurs E, van Furth EF. Correlates of eating disorder pathology in Saudi arabia: BMI and body dissatisfaction. J Eat Disord. 2022;10(1):126.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"1491_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01860.x","volume":"40","author":"PD McGorry","year":"2006","unstructured":"McGorry PD, Hickie IB, Yung AR, Pantelis C, Jackson HJ. Clinical staging of psychiatric disorders: a heuristic framework for choosing earlier, safer and more effective interventions. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2006;40(8):616\u201322.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.09.002","volume":"13","author":"JJ Aardoom","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aardoom JJ, Dingemans AE, Slof Op\u2019t Landt MC, Van Furth EF. Norms and discriminative validity of the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q). Eat Behav. 2012;13(4):305\u20139.","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24133","volume":"57","author":"A Meule","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meule A, Hilbert A, de Zwaan M, Br\u00e4hler E, Koch S, Voderholzer U. Cutoff scores of the eating disorder Examination\u2013Questionnaire for the German population. Int J Eat Disord. 2024;57(3):602\u201310.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-021-00464-y","volume":"9","author":"E Bryant","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bryant E, Miskovic-Wheatley J, Touyz SW, Crosby RD, Koreshe E, Maguire S. Identification of high risk and early stage eating disorders: first validation of a digital screening tool. J Eat Disord. 2021;9(1):109.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1491_CR62","unstructured":"Raghunathan TE, Solenberger PW, Van Hoewyk J, IVEware: Imputation and variance estimation software. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Methodology Program, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan 2002."},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","volume":"45","author":"S van Buuren","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Buuren S, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K. Mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. J Stat Softw. 2011;45(3):1\u201367.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"1491_CR64","unstructured":"Jones P, Networktools. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/networktools\/index.html; 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1","volume":"50","author":"S Epskamp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Epskamp S, Borsboom D, Fried EI. Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: a tutorial paper. Behav Res Methods. 2018;50(1):195\u2013212.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"1491_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000181","volume":"125","author":"DJ Robinaugh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robinaugh DJ, Millner AJ, McNally RJ. Identifying highly influential nodes in the complicated grief network. J Abnorm Psychol. 2016;125(6):747\u201357.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1491_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0910-x","volume":"50","author":"JMB Haslbeck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haslbeck JMB, Waldorp LJ. How well do network models predict observations? On the importance of predictability in network models. Behav Res Methods. 2018;50(2):853\u201361.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"1491_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-021-00055-w","author":"D Borsboom","year":"2021","unstructured":"Borsboom D, Deserno MK, Rhemtulla M, Epskamp S, Fried EI, McNally RJ, et al. Network analysis of multivariate data in psychological science. Nat Rev Methods Primers. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43586-021-00055-w.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Methods Primers"},{"key":"1491_CR69","unstructured":"Van Borkulo CD, Epskamp S, Milner A. NetworkComparisonTest. 2.2.1 ed.; 2019."},{"issue":"12","key":"1491_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2079","volume":"72","author":"C Van Borkulo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van Borkulo C, Boschloo L, Borsboom D, Penninx BWJH, Waldorp LJ, Schoevers RA. Association of symptom network structure with the course of depression. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72(12):1219\u201326.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1491_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23523","author":"S Schlegl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schlegl S, Smith KE, Vierl L, Crosby RD, Moessner M, Neumayr C, et al. Using network analysis to compare diagnosis-specific and age-specific symptom networks in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23523.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1491_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23070","volume":"52","author":"LN Forrest","year":"2019","unstructured":"Forrest LN, Sarfan LD, Ortiz SN, Brown TA, Smith AR. Bridging eating disorder symptoms and trait anxiety in patients with eating disorders: a network approach. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(6):701\u201311.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1491_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000476","volume":"28","author":"CD van Borkulo","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Borkulo CD, van Bork R, Boschloo L, Kossakowski JJ, Tio P, Schoevers RA, et al. Comparing network structures on three aspects: A permutation test. Psychol Methods. 2023;28(6):1273\u201385.","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"1491_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.01.053","volume":"374","author":"MD Smith","year":"2025","unstructured":"Smith MD, Wesselbaum D. Global evidence on the prevalence of and risk factors associated with stress. J Affect Disord. 2025;374:179\u201383.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1491_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.05.012","volume":"187","author":"N Malykhin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Malykhin N, Serrano J, Pietrasik W, Hegadoren K. Effects of duration and intensity of psychological stressors on mental health outcomes. J Psychiatr Res. 2025;187:211\u201322.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"1491_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2022.01.011","volume":"41","author":"DA Frederick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frederick DA, Crerand CE, Brown TA, Perez M, Best CR, Cook-Cottone CP, et al. Demographic predictors of body image satisfaction: the U.S. body project I. Body Image. 2022;41:17\u201331.","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"2","key":"1491_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0229268","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229268","volume":"15","author":"M Barnes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barnes M, Abhyankar P, Dimova E, Best C. Associations between body dissatisfaction and self-reported anxiety and depression in otherwise healthy men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020;15(2):e0229268.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"1491_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2019.1583236","volume":"68","author":"BL Bennett","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bennett BL, Whisenhunt BL, Hudson DL, Wagner AF, Latner JD, Stefano EC, et al. Examining the impact of social media on mood and body dissatisfaction using ecological momentary assessment. J Am Coll Health. 2020;68(5):502\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"},{"key":"1491_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Voelker DK, Reel JJ, Greenleaf C. Weight status and body image perceptions in adolescents: current perspectives. Adolescent health, medicine and therapeutics 2015:149\u201358.","DOI":"10.2147\/AHMT.S68344"},{"key":"1491_CR80","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates. Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates. 2017."},{"key":"1491_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113805","volume":"298","author":"ME McNamara","year":"2021","unstructured":"McNamara ME, Shumake J, Stewart RA, Labrada J, Alario A, Allen JJB, et al. Multifactorial prediction of depression diagnosis and symptom dimensions. Psychiatry Res. 2021;298:113805.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000441231","volume":"85","author":"A V\u00eesl\u0103","year":"2015","unstructured":"V\u00eesl\u0103 A, Fl\u00fcckiger C, grosse Holtforth M, David D. Irrational beliefs and psychological distress: a meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom. 2015;85(1):8\u201315.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2014.06.003","volume":"3","author":"ME Levin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Levin ME, MacLane C, Daflos S, Seeley J, Hayes SC, Biglan A, et al. Examining psychological inflexibility as a transdiagnostic process across psychological disorders. J Context Behav Sci. 2014;3(3):155\u201363.","journal-title":"J Context Behav Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-025-07146-y","volume":"25","author":"H Shin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shin H, Park C. Perceived stress shapes symptom and social network dynamics: a network analysis of depression, anxiety, and relationship-specific support and strain. BMC Psychiatry. 2025;25(1):715.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2832","volume":"29","author":"JA de Vos","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Vos JA, Radstaak M, Bohlmeijer ET, Westerhof GJ. The psychometric network structure of mental health in eating disorder patients. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2021;29(4):559\u201374.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.01.006","volume":"208","author":"M Roncero","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roncero M, Belloch A, Perpi\u00f1\u00e1 C, Treasure J. Ego-syntonicity and ego-dystonicity of eating-related intrusive thoughts in patients with eating disorders. Psychiatry Res. 2013;208(1):67\u201373.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1491_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2009.00604.x","volume":"77","author":"GA Fava","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fava GA, Tomba E. Increasing psychological well-being and resilience by psychotherapeutic methods. J Pers. 2009;77(6):1903\u201334.","journal-title":"J Pers"},{"key":"1491_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2677","author":"J Mart\u00edn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn J, Arostegui I, Loro\u00f1o A, Padierna A, Najera-Zuloaga J, Quintana JM. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are related to core symptoms, general health outcome, and medical comorbidities in eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2677.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"1491_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2024.100766","volume":"32","author":"D Jo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jo D, Goh PK, Lin SL, Spencer SD, Masuda A. Bridging eating disorder symptoms and psychological flexibility and inflexibility in racially diverse emerging adult women: a network analysis. J Context Behav Sci. 2024;32:100766.","journal-title":"J Context Behav Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR90","first-page":"296","volume":"31","author":"M Sala","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sala M, Kressel M, Schechter A, Schupak M, Deitsch T, Hagan K, et al. The study of eating disorders from a network perspective: a scoping systematic review. Clin Psychol (New York). 2024;31(3):296\u2013322.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol (New York)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12451","volume":"63","author":"S Giles","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giles S, Hughes EK, Castle D, Jenkins Z, Phillipou A, Rossell S, et al. A new network analysis model in anorexia nervosa patients based on self-reported eating disorder symptoms, psychological distress, and cognitive flexibility. Br J Clin Psychol. 2024;63(1):118\u201334.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR92","first-page":"245","volume":"24","author":"JP Stange","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stange JP, Alloy LB, Fresco DM. Inflexibility as a vulnerability to depression: a systematic qualitative review. Clin Psychol (New York). 2017;24(3):245\u201376.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol (New York)"},{"issue":"8","key":"1491_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707009877","volume":"37","author":"ME Roberts","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roberts ME, Tchanturia K, Stahl D, Southgate L, Treasure J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of set-shifting ability in eating disorders. Psychol Med. 2007;37(8):1075\u201384.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1491_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02273","volume":"8","author":"EC Gregertsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gregertsen EC, Mandy W, Serpell L. The egosyntonic nature of anorexia: an impediment to recovery in anorexia nervosa treatment. Front Psychol. 2017;8:2273.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-022-00547-4","volume":"10","author":"T Brockmeyer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brockmeyer T, Febry H, Leiteritz-Rausch A, W\u00fcnsch-Leiteritz W, Leiteritz A, Friederich H-C. Cognitive flexibility, central coherence, and quality of life in anorexia nervosa. J Eat Disord. 2022;10(1):22.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1491_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.04.004","volume":"70","author":"E Stice","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stice E, Marti CN, Shaw H, Rohde P. Meta-analytic review of dissonance-based eating disorder prevention programs: intervention, participant, and facilitator features that predict larger effects. Clin Psychol Rev. 2019;70:91\u2013107.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2010.04.004","volume":"33","author":"R Murphy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murphy R, Straebler S, Cooper Z, Fairburn CG. Cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2010;33(3):611\u201327.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"1491_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104857","volume":"142","author":"AM Monteleone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Monteleone AM, Pellegrino F, Croatto G, Carfagno M, Hilbert A, Treasure J, et al. Treatment of eating disorders: A systematic meta-review of meta-analyses and network meta-analyses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022;142:104857.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-023-00886-w","volume":"11","author":"H Russell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Russell H, Aouad P, Le A, Marks P, Maloney D, Aouad P, et al. Psychotherapies for eating disorders: findings from a rapid review. J Eat Disord. 2023;11(1):175.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1491_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112561","volume":"281","author":"P Gorwood","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gorwood P, Duriez P, Lengvenyte A, Guillaume S, Criquillion S. Clinical insight in anorexia nervosa: associated and predictive factors. Psychiatry Res. 2019;281:112561.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-080921-074125","volume":"19","author":"TA Brown","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brown TA, Keel PK. Eating disorders in boys and men. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2023;19(1):177\u2013205.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24317","volume":"58","author":"JM Nagata","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nagata JM, Li K, Kim AE, Shao IY, Otmar CD, Ganson KT, et al. Associations between gender diversity and eating disorder symptoms in early adolescence. Int J Eat Disord. 2025;58(1):216\u201324.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1491_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000645","volume":"33","author":"JM Nagata","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nagata JM, Ganson KT, Austin SB. Emerging trends in eating disorders among sexual and gender minorities. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2020;33(6):562\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Eating Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-025-01491-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40337-025-01491-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-025-01491-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T16:02:47Z","timestamp":1768320167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40337-025-01491-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-025-01491-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-2974"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-2974","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study received ethics approval from the Bioethics Research University Committee of the University of Bologna (protocol number 0061318) on March 15, 2021. All participants provided informed consent to participate in the study prior to any study procedure.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"14"}}